氮肥用量对苦荞内源激素、产量和品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】明确氮肥用量与苦荞内源激素、产量和品质的关系。【方法】以苦荞品种黔苦6号为试验材料,设置不施氮(CK)、低氮(LN,施氮量50 kg·hm~(-2))、中氮(MN,施氮量100 kg·hm~(-2))、高氮(HN,施氮量150 kg·hm~(-2))处理,研究其对苦荞根际土壤、根系形态、叶片内源激素及产量和品质的影响。【结果】苦荞根际土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量随氮肥用量的增加表现为先增加后降低;苦荞根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积随施氮量的增加表现为先增加后降低,以MN处理最大,CK处理最小,氮肥对苦荞根系平均直径影响不大;苦荞叶片中的1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)、生长素(IAA)、玉米素(Z)+玉米素核苷(ZR)和多胺含量随氮肥用量的增加表现为先增加后降低,脱落酸(ABA)含量则表现为先降低后增加;苦荞的株高、主茎分枝数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和产量均随施氮量的增加表现为先增加后降低,氮肥对苦荞主茎节数影响不大;苦荞籽粒中的蛋白质、总膳食纤维、芦丁、槲皮素和山奈酚含量随施氮量的增加表现为先增加后降低,黄酮含量以CK处理最高、HN处理最低。【结论】苦荞的适宜氮肥用量为100 kg·hm~(-2),氮肥过量或不足,均会导致最终产量和品质的下降。
【Objective】 Effects of varied levels of nitrogen fertilization on the endogenous hormones,yield and quality of tartary buckwheat were studied. 【Method】The tarary buckwheat variety of Qianku 6(QK6) plants were treated with different nitrogen applications(i.e.,CK of blank control,LN at 50 kg·hm~(-2),LN at 100 kg·hm~(-2),and HN at 150 kg·hm~(-2)). Conditions of the rhizosphere soil as well as the root morphology,endogenous hormones in leaves,and grain yield and quality of the buckwheat plants were monitored for analysis. 【Result】 Increased nitrogen raised the contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the rhizosphere soil initially and followed by a decline. The length,surface area and volume of the roots showed a similar trend that peaked under MN and minimalized under CK. But little effect was observed on root diameter. ACC,IAA,Z+ZR and polyamine had the same trend of increasing and declining,but ABA the opposite. The plant height,main stem count,grain weight and count per plant,1000-grain weight and grain yield of QK6 also increased initially and decreased later,but no significant effect on the number of main stem nodes. Again,the contents of protein,total dietary fiber,rutin,quercetin and kaempferol of the plants increased at first and then decreased with increasing nitrogen. The highest content of flavonoids was found in the grains of the plants treated under CK and the lowest in those under HN. 【Conclusion】 The nitrogen application at a rate of 100 kg·hm~(-2) appeared appropriate for QK6 cultivation rendering a maximized fertilization benefit. Excessive or insufficient application on nitrogen would lead to a reduction on the grain yield and quality of buckwheat plants.
【Objective】 Effects of varied levels of nitrogen fertilization on the endogenous hormones,yield and quality of tartary buckwheat were studied. 【Method】The tarary buckwheat variety of Qianku 6(QK6) plants were treated with different nitrogen applications(i.e.,CK of blank control,LN at 50 kg·hm~(-2),LN at 100 kg·hm~(-2),and HN at 150 kg·hm~(-2)). Conditions of the rhizosphere soil as well as the root morphology,endogenous hormones in leaves,and grain yield and quality of the buckwheat plants were monitored for analysis. 【Result】 Increased nitrogen raised the contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the rhizosphere soil initially and followed by a decline. The length,surface area and volume of the roots showed a similar trend that peaked under MN and minimalized under CK. But little effect was observed on root diameter. ACC,IAA,Z+ZR and polyamine had the same trend of increasing and declining,but ABA the opposite. The plant height,main stem count,grain weight and count per plant,1000-grain weight and grain yield of QK6 also increased initially and decreased later,but no significant effect on the number of main stem nodes. Again,the contents of protein,total dietary fiber,rutin,quercetin and kaempferol of the plants increased at first and then decreased with increasing nitrogen. The highest content of flavonoids was found in the grains of the plants treated under CK and the lowest in those under HN. 【Conclusion】 The nitrogen application at a rate of 100 kg·hm~(-2) appeared appropriate for QK6 cultivation rendering a maximized fertilization benefit. Excessive or insufficient application on nitrogen would lead to a reduction on the grain yield and quality of buckwheat plants.
引文
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[2]张润敏,刘海宁,姚慧鹏,等.苦荞过敏蛋白TBW17基因克隆及其抗原表位分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(12):3481-348.ZHANG R M,LIU H N,YAO H P,et al.Cloning and epitope analysis of a novel allergy protein TBW17 from tartary buckwheat[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(12):3481-348.(in Chinese)
[3]陈庆富.荞麦生产状况及新类型栽培荞麦育种研究的最新进展[J].贵州师范大学学报,2018,36(3):1-8.CHEN Q F.The status of buckwheat production and recent progresses of breeding on new type of cultivated buckwheat [J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Sciences),2018,36(3):1-8.(in Chinese)
[4]万丽英,穆建稳.贵州苦荞的营养保健功能与开发利用价值[J].贵州农业科学,2014,32(2):74-75.WAN L Y,MU J W.Nutritive healthy functions and utilization value of Fagopyrum tartaricum in Guizhou [J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2014,32(2):74-75.(in Chinese)
[5]贾岩,赵思俊,秦雪梅,等.苦荞水提取物对糖尿病模型大鼠降糖作用的代谢组学研究[J].营养学报,2017,39(2):177-182.JIA Y,ZHAO S J,QIN X M,et al.Hypoglycemic effect of tartarian buckwheat water extracts in diabetic rats by metabolomics approach [J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2017,39(2):177-182.(in Chinese)
[6]HUANG X Y,ZELLER FJ,HUANG K F,et al.Variation of major minerals and trace elements in seeds of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tatarium Gaertn.)[J].Genet Resour Grop Evol,2013,60(7):567-577.
[7]胡诚,乐群芬,孙斌,等.氮肥用量与施用方法对土壤养分与小麦生长的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017(9):2017-2023.HU C,YUE Q F,SUN B,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer amount and application method on soil nutrient and wheat growth [J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017(9):2017-2023.(in Chinese)
[8]朱兆良.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):778-783ZHU Z L.Research on soil nitrogen in China [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):778-783.(in Chinese)
[9]冯爱青,张民,李成亮,等.控释氮肥对土壤酶活性与土壤养分利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):177-184.FENG A Q,ZHANG M,LI C L,et al.Effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient utilization [J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(3):177-184.(in Chinese)
[10]汪燕,梁成刚,孙艳红,等.不同苦荞品种的产量与品质及其对低氮的响应[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,35(6):66-73.WANG Y,LIANG C G,SUN Y H,et al.The yield and quality of tartary buckwheat varieties and the response to low nitrogen [J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Sciences),2017,35(6):66-73.(in Chinese)
[11]王炎,李振宙,周良,等.不同施氮量对甜荞生长及产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(4):26-30.WANG Y,LI Z Z,ZHOU L,et al.Effect of different nitrogen application amount on growth and yield of common buckwheat [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2018,47(4):26-30.(in Chinese)
[12]赵鑫,张宝林,邓妍,等.氮磷肥配施对甜荞产量及营养品质的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(8):1291-1294.ZHAO X,ZHANG B L,DENG Y,et al.Effects of nitrogen combined with phosphate applying on yield and nutritional quality of buckwheat [J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(8):1291-1294.(in Chinese)
[13]宋毓雪,陈小娥,魏让,等.不同肥料配比对甜荞产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):49-53.SONG Y X,CHEN X E,WEI R,et al.Effects of different ratios of NPK fertilizer on yield and quality of common buckwheat [J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2014(3):49-53.(in Chinese)
[14]王雨,赵权,孔德章,等.化学肥料调控对连作甜荞生长的影响[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(4):87-93.WANG Y,ZHAO Q,KONG D Z,et al.Effect of chemical fertilizers regulation on the growth of Fagopyrum esculentum with continuous cropping [J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(4):87-93.(in Chinese)
[15]黄凯丰,彭慧蓉,郭肖,等.2个苦荞品种成熟期内源激素的含量差异及其与产量和品质的关系[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(1):28-32.HUANG K F,PENG H R,GUO X,et al.Difference of hormonal content in two tartary buckwheat cultivars and their relations to yield and quality [J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2013,29(1):28-32.(in Chinese)
[16]LI X H,THWE A A,PARK N I,et al.Accumulation of phenylpropanoids and correlated gene expression during the development of tartary buckwheat sprouts [J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2012,60:562-563.
[17]杨月欣,王光亚.实用食物营养成分分析手册[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002:77-81.YANG Y X,WANG G Y.A handbook for the analysis of nutritional components in practical food [M].Beijing:China Light Industry Publishing House,2002:77-81.(in Chinese)
[18]张琪,刘慧灵,朱瑞,等.苦荞麦中总黄酮和芦丁的含量测定方法的研究[J].食品科学,2003,24(7):113-116.ZHANG Q,LIU H L,ZHU R,et al.Study on the methods of determination of total flavonoids and rutin in tartary buckwheat [J].Food Science,2003,24(7):113-116.(in Chinese)
[19]郭肖.土壤改良剂对不同基因型苦荞连作下根际特性的影响[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2016:9.GUO X.Effects of soil amendments on rhizosphere properties of different genotype tartary buckwheat under continuous cropping [D].Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University,2016:9.(in Chinese)
[20]李建英,周长军,杨柳,等.水分胁迫对大豆苗期叶片内源激素含量与保护酶活性的影响[J].大豆科学,2010,29(6):959-963.LI J Y,ZHOU C J,YANG L,et al.Effect of water stress on endogenous hormone and protective enzymes in soybean seedling leaves [J].Soybean Science,2010,29(6):959-963.(in Chinese)
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