急倾斜煤层水平分段综放顶板“倾倒-滑塌”破坏模式
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摘要
为揭示顶板破坏与移动规律,以江仓一号井11220工作面为工程背景,进行了顶板破坏相似模拟试验和UDEC数值计算,建立了顶板破断岩块倾倒力学模型,揭示了顶板上分段"倾倒式"和下分段"滑塌式"2种破坏模式,提出了顶板岩块"破坏形态转变点"的判别准则,定义了表征顶板破坏形态的滑-倾系数,讨论了顶板载荷和岩块厚度对"滑-倾"系数的影响.结果表明:随着顶煤的放出,顶板易悬空张裂而发生倾倒-滑塌破坏;随着开采水平的加深,上分段倾倒的顶板岩块作用在下分段顶板上,促进了下分段顶板的折断与倾倒,对采空区产生冲击载荷;随着顶板载荷和岩块厚度的增大,顶板更容易发生"滑塌式"破坏;随着顶板岩块高厚比的增加,顶板更容易发生"倾倒式"破坏.
To reveal the law of roof failure and movement,the Face 11220 in Jiangcang 1#coal mine was investigated by a roof failure physical model,a UDEC numerical model and a roof failure mechanical model.It is revealed that the roof fails in two modes,i.e.toppling in the upper section and slumping in the lower section.Based on the theoretical model,a"roof failure mode transition criterion"and a"slumping-toppling coefficient"were proposed to represent the roof failure modes.The impacts of overburden stress and roof thickness on slumping-toppling coefficient was analyzed.The results show that as the mining level deepens,the breaking and toppling of the lower section roof are promoted due to the upper section toppling roof blocks,then generating impact loads on the gob;the roof may fail in slumping with the increase of roofthickness and overburden stress,and that toppling failure may occur with the increase of the ratio of roof height over thickness.
To reveal the law of roof failure and movement,the Face 11220 in Jiangcang 1#coal mine was investigated by a roof failure physical model,a UDEC numerical model and a roof failure mechanical model.It is revealed that the roof fails in two modes,i.e.toppling in the upper section and slumping in the lower section.Based on the theoretical model,a"roof failure mode transition criterion"and a"slumping-toppling coefficient"were proposed to represent the roof failure modes.The impacts of overburden stress and roof thickness on slumping-toppling coefficient was analyzed.The results show that as the mining level deepens,the breaking and toppling of the lower section roof are promoted due to the upper section toppling roof blocks,then generating impact loads on the gob;the roof may fail in slumping with the increase of roofthickness and overburden stress,and that toppling failure may occur with the increase of the ratio of roof height over thickness.
引文
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[12]易永忠,曹建涛,来兴平,等.急斜煤层水平分段综放开采围岩失稳特征分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2009,29(5):505-509.YI Yongzhong,CAO Jiantao,LAI Xingping,et al.Analysis of instability characteristics of surrounding rock within horizontal section caving face in steep coal seam[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2009,29(5):505-509.
[13]杨胜利,张鹏,李福胜,等.急倾斜厚煤层水平分层综放工作面支架载荷确定[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(11):37-40.YANG Shengli,ZHANG Peng,LI Fusheng,et al.Load determination of powered supports for fully mechanized top coal caving mining face in horizontal slice of steep inclined thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(11):37-40.
[14]王家臣,赵兵文,赵鹏飞,等.急倾斜极软厚煤层走向长壁综放开采技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):286-292.WANG Jiachen,ZHAO Bingwen,ZHAO Pengfei,et al.Research on the longwall top-coal caving mining technique in extremely inclined and soft thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):286-292.
[15]王家臣,张锦旺.急倾斜厚煤层综放开采顶煤采出率分布规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(12):1-7.WANG Jiachen,ZHANG Jinwang.Study on top coal recovery ratio distribution law of longwall top-coal caving mining in steeply thick coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(12):1-7.
[16]窦林名,李振雷,何学秋.厚煤层综放开采的降载减冲原理及其应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):221-230.DOU Linming,LI Zhenlei,HE Xueqiu.Principle of rockburst control by weakening static and dynamic loading using top-coal caving in the mining of thick coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):221-230.
[17]魏炜杰,陈祎,张锦旺,等.水平分段综放开采放煤方式优化研究[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(11):57-60.WEI Weijie,CHEN Yi,ZHANG Jinwang,et al.Optimization study for drawing mode of horizontal subsection full-mechanized top-coal caving[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(11):57-60.
[18]李振雷,何学秋,窦林名.综放覆岩破断诱发冲击地压的防治方法与实践[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):162-171LI Zhenlei,HE Xueqiu,DOU Linming.Control measures and practice for rock burst induced by overburden fracture in top-coal caving mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):162-171.
[19]陈庆发,牛文静,刘严中,等.Knothe模型改进及充填开采岩层移动动态过程分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(2):250-256.CHEN Qingfa,NIU Wenjing,LIU Yanzhong,et al.Improvement of Knothe model and analysis on dynamic evolution law of strata movement in fill mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(2):250-256.
[20] QIAO Jianyong.On the preimages of parabolic periodic points[J].Nonlinearity,2000,13(3):813-818.
[21] WYLLIE D C,MAH C W.Rock slope engineering:civil and mining[M].London:Spon Press,2004:200-217.
[22]郑允,陈从新,刘婷婷,等.坡顶荷载作用下岩质边坡倾倒破坏分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2639-2647.ZHENG Yun,CHEN Congxin,LIU Tingting,et al.Analysis of toppling failure of rock slopes under the loads applied on the top[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2639-2647.
[2]石平五,张幼振,张嘉凡.急斜水平分段放顶煤放煤试验研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(1):4-6.SHI Pingwu,ZHANG Youzhen,ZHANG Jiafan.Testing study of cracked top coal caving for horizontal section top coal caving in steep seam[J].Mine Pressure and Roof Management,2005,22(1):4-6.
[3]屠洪盛,屠世浩,白庆升,等.急倾斜煤层工作面区段煤柱失稳机理及合理尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):6-11.TU Hongsheng,TU Shihao,BAI Qingsheng,et al.Instability of a coal pillar section located at a steep mining face:pillar size selection[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):6-11.
[4]王红伟,伍永平,解盘石,等.大倾角变角度综放工作面顶板运移与支架稳定性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(3):507-513.WANG Hongwei,WU Yongping,XIE Panshi,et al.Research on strata movement and support stability of fully mechanized sublevel caving workface with variable angle in steeply dipping seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(3):507-513.
[5]古江林,张永涛.急倾斜煤层开采岩层运移规律的研究[J].陕西煤炭,2011,30(3):41-44.GU Jianglin,ZHANG Yongtao.Study on the law of strata movement in steep seam mining[J].Shanxi Coal,2011,30(3):41-44.
[6]崔峰,来兴平,曹建涛,等.急倾斜煤层水平分段综放面开采扰动影响分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(4):610-616.CUI Feng,LAI Xingping,CAO Jiantao,et al.Mining disturbance of horizontal section full-mechanized caving face in steeply inclined coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(4):610-616.
[7]张宏伟,荣海,陈建强,等.近直立特厚煤层冲击地压的地质动力条件评价[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(6):1053-1060.ZHANG Hongwei,RONG Hai,CHEN Jianqiang,et al.Geo-dynamic condition evaluation method for rockburst in suberect and extremely thick coal seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(6):1053-1060.
[8]鞠文君,李文洲.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采老顶断裂力学模型[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(6):606-608.JU Wenjun,LI Wenzhou.Fracture mechanical model of main roof along inclined for fully-mechanized topcoal caving in steep and extra-thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(6):606-608.
[9]邵小平.急斜煤层水平分段放顶煤开采围岩结构及其控制性研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2005:19-26.SHAO Xiaoping.Study on structure and control of surrounding rock in mining steep seams using horizontal section top-coal caving[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2005:19-26.
[10]高召宁,石平五.急斜特厚煤层水平分段放顶煤安全开采的研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(1):18-20.GAO Zhaoning,SHI Pingwu.Study of safe mining of horizontal segmented caving coal in extremely thick coal seam[J].Mine Pressure and Roof Management,2005,22(1):18-20.
[11]来兴平,孙欢,单鹏飞,等.急斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采覆层类椭球体结构分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(5):716-720.LAI Xingping,SUN Huan,SHAN Pengfei,et al.Overlying strata ellipsoid-style structure of horizontal section top-coal caving in steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(5):716-720.
[12]易永忠,曹建涛,来兴平,等.急斜煤层水平分段综放开采围岩失稳特征分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2009,29(5):505-509.YI Yongzhong,CAO Jiantao,LAI Xingping,et al.Analysis of instability characteristics of surrounding rock within horizontal section caving face in steep coal seam[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2009,29(5):505-509.
[13]杨胜利,张鹏,李福胜,等.急倾斜厚煤层水平分层综放工作面支架载荷确定[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(11):37-40.YANG Shengli,ZHANG Peng,LI Fusheng,et al.Load determination of powered supports for fully mechanized top coal caving mining face in horizontal slice of steep inclined thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(11):37-40.
[14]王家臣,赵兵文,赵鹏飞,等.急倾斜极软厚煤层走向长壁综放开采技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):286-292.WANG Jiachen,ZHAO Bingwen,ZHAO Pengfei,et al.Research on the longwall top-coal caving mining technique in extremely inclined and soft thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):286-292.
[15]王家臣,张锦旺.急倾斜厚煤层综放开采顶煤采出率分布规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(12):1-7.WANG Jiachen,ZHANG Jinwang.Study on top coal recovery ratio distribution law of longwall top-coal caving mining in steeply thick coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(12):1-7.
[16]窦林名,李振雷,何学秋.厚煤层综放开采的降载减冲原理及其应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):221-230.DOU Linming,LI Zhenlei,HE Xueqiu.Principle of rockburst control by weakening static and dynamic loading using top-coal caving in the mining of thick coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):221-230.
[17]魏炜杰,陈祎,张锦旺,等.水平分段综放开采放煤方式优化研究[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(11):57-60.WEI Weijie,CHEN Yi,ZHANG Jinwang,et al.Optimization study for drawing mode of horizontal subsection full-mechanized top-coal caving[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(11):57-60.
[18]李振雷,何学秋,窦林名.综放覆岩破断诱发冲击地压的防治方法与实践[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(1):162-171LI Zhenlei,HE Xueqiu,DOU Linming.Control measures and practice for rock burst induced by overburden fracture in top-coal caving mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(1):162-171.
[19]陈庆发,牛文静,刘严中,等.Knothe模型改进及充填开采岩层移动动态过程分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(2):250-256.CHEN Qingfa,NIU Wenjing,LIU Yanzhong,et al.Improvement of Knothe model and analysis on dynamic evolution law of strata movement in fill mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(2):250-256.
[20] QIAO Jianyong.On the preimages of parabolic periodic points[J].Nonlinearity,2000,13(3):813-818.
[21] WYLLIE D C,MAH C W.Rock slope engineering:civil and mining[M].London:Spon Press,2004:200-217.
[22]郑允,陈从新,刘婷婷,等.坡顶荷载作用下岩质边坡倾倒破坏分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2639-2647.ZHENG Yun,CHEN Congxin,LIU Tingting,et al.Analysis of toppling failure of rock slopes under the loads applied on the top[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2639-2647.