大型水陆两栖飞机增升装置特殊设计综述
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摘要
为掌握大型水陆两栖飞机增升装置工程设计的基本原理和主要技术,设计出满足较高气动力与水动力性能要求的高效增升装置,围绕两栖飞机增升装置的特殊设计方法开展了系统研究。通过对比分析两栖飞机与常规陆基飞机增升装置的技术特征与设计差异,在综合分析国内外典型两栖飞机增升装置的类型及设计特点的基础上,针对两栖飞机的快速性、喷溅性和抗浪性指标,对增升装置在使用和设计环节中相关影响要素进行了详细阐述。依据两栖飞机的使用环境以及使用要求,探讨了气动力与水动力耦合设计对两栖飞机增升装置的重要性,分析了水面喷溅、近水面效应、机构偏转限制等对增升装置的影响机理和影响规律,剖析了增升装置设计与抗浪指标的内在联系,对增升装置下偏量的选取方法给出建议。结合大量水动力、气动力试验和数值模拟数据,总结提炼出了与工程实际紧密结合的两栖飞机增升装置特殊设计原则。依据本文总结的设计方法完成的增升装置方案,已成功应用于我国正在研制的某大型水陆两栖飞机。通过风洞及水动力试验验证,结果表明该飞机越过阻力峰后未发生主喷溅冲击增升装置的现象,耐波性预报表明该飞机的抗浪能力满足预定的技术要求,从而进一步验证了本文提出的增升装置设计思路和设计方法的可行性,且具有较强的工程应用价值,可为两栖飞机增升装置的设计提供可靠的设计参考。
Amphibious aircraft studies are inadequate in domestic.Systematic technical guidance is insufficient regarding the high-lift devices of amphibious airplane.In order to grasp the basic principle and design technology for the high-lift devices of amphibious aircraft,which satisfy the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic design requirement,special design methods have been systematically investigated in this paper.Technical characteristics and design features are compared between amphibious aircraft and land-based aircraft based on domestic and international high-lift device types and design features.On the basis of the special operating environment,operating mode,and hydrodynamic characteristics of amphibious aircraft,various factors affecting the designing of high-lift devices of amphibious aircraft are discussed for the first time.These factors include splash,wave-resistance,and so forth.The high-lift device designs for amphibious aircraft should meet the general design principles of land-based aircraft,and satisfy the special technical requirement of aquatic environment and operating mode.The aerodynamic configuration of amphibious aircraft is closely related to hydrodynamic configuration.The design of high-lift devices for amphibious aircraft is significant different from that for land-based aircrafts.The main sensitive parameters in the design progress of high lift system are pointed out,and the correlation is discussed between trailing-edge high-lift devices design and anti-waves capability.Finally,some suggestions are given for the design principles of the high-lift devices of amphibious aircraft.Based on a lot of water/wind tunnel tests and CFD results of hydrodynamic/aerodynamic characteristics one high performance flap scheme of a civil large amphibian aircraft has been developed according to the present design principle.A water tunnel test shows that,there is no splash on the high-lift devices,and the airplane has the ability in resisting given height wave.This design is completed by solving the contradiction between aerodynamic configuration and hydrodynamic configuration.The design principle of high-lift devices for amphibious aircraft summarized in this paper is feasible,and has a high application worth.Moreover,it can be used as a reference material of the amphibious aircraft high-lift devices design.
Amphibious aircraft studies are inadequate in domestic.Systematic technical guidance is insufficient regarding the high-lift devices of amphibious airplane.In order to grasp the basic principle and design technology for the high-lift devices of amphibious aircraft,which satisfy the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic design requirement,special design methods have been systematically investigated in this paper.Technical characteristics and design features are compared between amphibious aircraft and land-based aircraft based on domestic and international high-lift device types and design features.On the basis of the special operating environment,operating mode,and hydrodynamic characteristics of amphibious aircraft,various factors affecting the designing of high-lift devices of amphibious aircraft are discussed for the first time.These factors include splash,wave-resistance,and so forth.The high-lift device designs for amphibious aircraft should meet the general design principles of land-based aircraft,and satisfy the special technical requirement of aquatic environment and operating mode.The aerodynamic configuration of amphibious aircraft is closely related to hydrodynamic configuration.The design of high-lift devices for amphibious aircraft is significant different from that for land-based aircrafts.The main sensitive parameters in the design progress of high lift system are pointed out,and the correlation is discussed between trailing-edge high-lift devices design and anti-waves capability.Finally,some suggestions are given for the design principles of the high-lift devices of amphibious aircraft.Based on a lot of water/wind tunnel tests and CFD results of hydrodynamic/aerodynamic characteristics one high performance flap scheme of a civil large amphibian aircraft has been developed according to the present design principle.A water tunnel test shows that,there is no splash on the high-lift devices,and the airplane has the ability in resisting given height wave.This design is completed by solving the contradiction between aerodynamic configuration and hydrodynamic configuration.The design principle of high-lift devices for amphibious aircraft summarized in this paper is feasible,and has a high application worth.Moreover,it can be used as a reference material of the amphibious aircraft high-lift devices design.
引文
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