基于稳定碳同位素的寒地黑土区玉米水分利用效率研究
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摘要
为了进一步探究不同灌溉制度对寒地黑土区玉米水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,以玉米大田试验数据为基础,研究了玉米耗水规律以及叶片和产量水平的水分利用效率的变化规律,寻找符合东北地区玉米节水高产要求的灌水方案。同时研究了玉米叶片和籽粒碳同位素分辨率(Δ13C)与不同水平水分利用效率的关系,验证了玉米稳定碳同位素分辨率对作物不同水平水分利用效率的指示作用。研究结果表明,全生育期灌溉定额为800 m3/hm2,灌水4次时玉米产量最高为14 920.62 kg/hm2,但此时产量水平水分利用效率(WUEy)较低;全生育期灌溉定额为600 m3/hm2,灌水4次时玉米WUEy最大为3.74 kg/m3,但产量偏低,综合考虑产量和水分利用效率,得出符合该地区玉米节水高产要求的灌水方案为全生育期灌水800 m3/hm2,灌水3次(苗期、拔节期、抽雄期),此时玉米WUEy为3.65 kg/m3,产量较最大值未发生明显下降。拔节期玉米叶片碳同位素分辨率(ΔLB)、成熟期叶片碳同位素分辨率(ΔLC)和籽粒碳同位素分辨率(ΔF)变化范围分别为0.451%~0.542%、0.505%~0.598%、0.496%~0.526%。叶片碳同位素分辨率(ΔL)、ΔF与瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)、内在水分利用效率(WUEn)、WUEy均呈负相关,ΔL与WUEn的相关性优于其与WUEi的相关性,ΔF对WUEy指示作用优于ΔL对WUEy的指示作用,玉米ΔL、ΔF可分别作为指示WUEn和WUEy的重要指标。研究结果可为东北地区玉米生产提供理论支持及数据参考。
In order to further investigate the influence of different irrigation systems on water use efficiency of maize in black soil of the cold regions,based on the experimental data of maize fields,the patterns of water consumption and water use efficiency were analyzed at different scales,in order to find a irrigation scheme that meets the requirement of water saving and high yield of maize in Northeast China;the relationship between stable carbon isotope resolution(Δ13 C) and water use efficiency(WUE) of maize leaves and grains was analyzed,the indicated effect of stable carbon isotope discrimination of maize on water use efficiency of different levels of crops was validated. The results showed that the irrigation quota was 800 m3/hm2 during the whole growth period,and the corn yield was up to 14 920. 62 kg/hm2 at four times,but the yield level of water use efficiency(WUEy) was low; the whole growth period irrigation quota was 600 m3/hm2,four times irrigation maize WUEywas up to 3. 74 kg/m3,but yield was low. Considering yield and water use efficiency,the conclusion was drawn that the irrigation scheme that met the requirement of high water saving and yield of maize in this area was irrigation quota of 800 m3/hm2 and irrigation three times(at seedling stage,jointing stage and tasselling stage) in the whole growth period. At this situation,the WUEyof maize was 3. 65 kg/m3,and there was no significant decline in output. The stable carbon isotope discrimination of maize leaves at elongation stage(ΔLB),leaf carbon isotope discrimination at fruit maturation stage(ΔLC) and fruit carbon isotope discrimination(ΔF) werebetween 0. 451% and 0. 542%,0. 505% and 0. 598%,0. 496% and 0. 526%,respectively,ΔL andΔF were negatively correlated with WUEi,WUEnand WUEy,respectively. Furthermore,ΔL showed a better indicating capacity on WUEnthan on WUEiunder different water treatments,the effect of ΔF on WUEywas better than the effect of ΔL on WUEy. Thus ΔL and ΔF could be used as important evaluation indexes of WUEnand WUEyin crop leaves respectively,the results can provide theoretical support and data reference for maize production in Northeast China.
In order to further investigate the influence of different irrigation systems on water use efficiency of maize in black soil of the cold regions,based on the experimental data of maize fields,the patterns of water consumption and water use efficiency were analyzed at different scales,in order to find a irrigation scheme that meets the requirement of water saving and high yield of maize in Northeast China;the relationship between stable carbon isotope resolution(Δ13 C) and water use efficiency(WUE) of maize leaves and grains was analyzed,the indicated effect of stable carbon isotope discrimination of maize on water use efficiency of different levels of crops was validated. The results showed that the irrigation quota was 800 m3/hm2 during the whole growth period,and the corn yield was up to 14 920. 62 kg/hm2 at four times,but the yield level of water use efficiency(WUEy) was low; the whole growth period irrigation quota was 600 m3/hm2,four times irrigation maize WUEywas up to 3. 74 kg/m3,but yield was low. Considering yield and water use efficiency,the conclusion was drawn that the irrigation scheme that met the requirement of high water saving and yield of maize in this area was irrigation quota of 800 m3/hm2 and irrigation three times(at seedling stage,jointing stage and tasselling stage) in the whole growth period. At this situation,the WUEyof maize was 3. 65 kg/m3,and there was no significant decline in output. The stable carbon isotope discrimination of maize leaves at elongation stage(ΔLB),leaf carbon isotope discrimination at fruit maturation stage(ΔLC) and fruit carbon isotope discrimination(ΔF) werebetween 0. 451% and 0. 542%,0. 505% and 0. 598%,0. 496% and 0. 526%,respectively,ΔL andΔF were negatively correlated with WUEi,WUEnand WUEy,respectively. Furthermore,ΔL showed a better indicating capacity on WUEnthan on WUEiunder different water treatments,the effect of ΔF on WUEywas better than the effect of ΔL on WUEy. Thus ΔL and ΔF could be used as important evaluation indexes of WUEnand WUEyin crop leaves respectively,the results can provide theoretical support and data reference for maize production in Northeast China.
引文
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19 MURASE J,MATSUI Y,KATOH M,et al.Incorporation of13C-labeled rice-straw-derived carbon into microbial communities in submerged rice field soil and percolating water[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38(12):3483-3491.
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2徐杰,周培禄,王璞,等.水肥管理对东北不同密度春玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(1):142-147.XU Jie,ZHOU Peilu,WANG Pu,et al.Effects of water and fertilizer management on yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize at different densities in northeast China[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(1):142-147.(in Chinese)
3庞桂斌,徐征和,杨士红,等.控制灌溉水稻叶片水分利用效率影响因素分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):233-241.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170430&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.04.030.PANG Guibin,XU Zhenghe,YANG Shihong,et al.Influence factors analysis of rice leaf water use efficiency under controlled irrigation[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):233-241.(in Chinese)
4解文艳,樊贵盛,周怀平,等.秸秆还田方式对旱地玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(11):60-67.XIE Wenyan,FAN Guisheng,ZHOU Huaiping,et al.Effect of straw-incorporation on corn yield and water use efficiency in arid farming areas[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(11):60-67.(in Chinese)
5 WANG Jianlin,YANG Xinmin,FANG Quanxiao.The expatiation on mensurating method of field water use efficiency in different scale[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(6):77-80.
6 LI Yuxuan,ZHANG Weifeng,MA Lin,et al.An analysis of China's grain production:looking back and looking forward[J].Food&Energy Security,2015,3(1):19-32.
7魏镇华,杜太生,张娟,等.利用碳同位素分辨率表征沟灌番茄水分利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(7):58-65.WEI Zhenhua,DU Taisheng,ZHANG Juan,et al.Stable carbon isotope discrimination on water use efficiency of field tomato under furrow irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(7):58-65.(in Chinese)
8 FARQUHAR G D,O’LEARY M H,BERRY J A.On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1982,9(2):121-137.
9 CUI N,DU T,KANG S,et al.Relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination and water use efficiency under regulated deficit irrigation of pear-jujube tree[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(11):1615-1622.
10 WEI Z,DU T,ZHANG J,et al.Carbon isotope discrimination shows a higher water use efficiency under alternate partial rootzone irrigation of field-grown tomato[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,165:33-43.
11 PATE J S.Carbon isotope discrimination and plant water-use efficiency[M]∥UNKOVICH M,PATE J,MCNEILL A,et al.Stable isotope techniques in the study of biological processes and functioning of ecosystems.Springer Netherlands,2001:19-36.
12王振昌,郭相平,黄双双,等.水稻天然稳定碳、氮同位素组成与产量及品质的关系[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):160-171.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20161220&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.12.020.WANG Zhenchang,GUO Xiangping,HUANG Shuangshuang,et al.Relationships between stable C and N isotope compositions of rice plants,rice yield and quality[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):160-171.(in Chinese)
13刘慧,王为木,谈建康,等.稻田水体碳氮稳定同位素组成与时空变化研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):132-136.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150220&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.ssn.1000-1298.2015.02.020.LIU Hui,WANG Weimu,TAN Jiankang,et al.Temporal and spatial variation in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope in paddy field water[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):132-136.(in Chinese)
14林植芳,彭长连,林桂珠.大豆和小麦不同基因型的碳同位素分馏作用及水分利用效率[J].作物学报,2001,27(4):409-414.LIN Zhifang,PENG Changlian,LIN Guizhu.Carbon isotope discrimination and water use efficiency in different soybean and wheat genotypes[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2001,27(4):409-414.(in Chinese)
15 ZHAO F,GAO R,SHEN Y,et al.Foliar carbon isotope composition(δ13C)and water use efficiency of different populus deltoids,clones under water stress[J].Frontiers of Forestry in China,2006,1(1):89-94.
16 ELLSWORTH P Z,COUSINS A B.Carbon isotopes and water use efficiency in C4plants[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2016,31:155-161.
17 HENDERSON S A,VON CAEMMERER S,FARQUHAR G D.Short-term measurements of carbon isotope discrimination in several C4species[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1992,19(13):263-285.
18 SOUZA C R D,CHAVES M M.Impact of deficit irrigation on water use efficiency and carbon isotope composition(δ13C)of field-grown grapevines under Mediterranean climate[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2005,56(418):2163-2172.
19 MURASE J,MATSUI Y,KATOH M,et al.Incorporation of13C-labeled rice-straw-derived carbon into microbial communities in submerged rice field soil and percolating water[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38(12):3483-3491.
20任佰朝,朱玉玲,董树亭,等.大田淹水对夏玉米光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(2):329-338.REN Baizhao,ZHU Yuling,DONG Shuting,et al.Effects of waterlogging on photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize under field conditions[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,41(2):329-338.(in Chinese)
21 ARAKI H,HAMADA A,HOSSAIN M A,et al.Waterlogging at jointing and/or after anthesis in wheat induces early leaf senescence and impairs grain filling[J].Field Crops Research,2012,137(3):27-36.
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