华东某铀矿区稻米中Cd含量及空间分布特征研究
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摘要
利用等离子体质谱仪测定了某铀矿区周边稻米与对照区稻米中重金属元素Cd的含量,重点对铀矿区稻米中的Cd元素含量及其空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)铀矿区内10.53%的稻米样品Cd含量超过国家标准,89.47%稻米样品中Cd的含量未超过国家标准(GB 2762-2005),而对照区稻米样品中Cd含量均远低于国家标准(GB 2762-2005);(2)铀矿区稻米中Cd含量远高于对照区稻米中Cd含量,尾矿堆积区、水冶厂和矿床开采区下游及周边区域内稻米中Cd元素含量明显高于上游地区或远离上述区域的其他地区。(3)矿床开采产生的废水与废渣、水冶厂的废液渗漏、尾矿露天堆积以及矿石运输过程中的矿渣洒落等原因可能是导致Cd元素随地表径流发生迁移进入稻田,从而使矿区稻米中Cd的含量较高的重要因素。
By ICP-MS, this paper measured heavy metal Cd content in rice in the periphery of a uranium mining area and a contrast area, and focused on study of Cd content and its spatial distribution features, and concluded that:(1) 10.53% of rice in the uranium mining area has Cd content over national standard(GB2762-2005)and 89.47% not, while in the contract area, Cd content is far below the standard;(2) Cd content in rice in the uranium mining area is far more than that in contrast area, Cd content in rice in tailings accumulation zone,hydrometallurgical mill and lower reaches of mining area and the periphery is evidently higher than that in the upper reaches and distant areas;(3) waste water and residues from mining zone, waste liquid seepage from hydrometallurgical mill, tailings storage in the open air, and mineral falls from transport may be the major factor that leads Cd into rice field with surface runoff thus causing rice in the mining area to have higher content of Cd.
By ICP-MS, this paper measured heavy metal Cd content in rice in the periphery of a uranium mining area and a contrast area, and focused on study of Cd content and its spatial distribution features, and concluded that:(1) 10.53% of rice in the uranium mining area has Cd content over national standard(GB2762-2005)and 89.47% not, while in the contract area, Cd content is far below the standard;(2) Cd content in rice in the uranium mining area is far more than that in contrast area, Cd content in rice in tailings accumulation zone,hydrometallurgical mill and lower reaches of mining area and the periphery is evidently higher than that in the upper reaches and distant areas;(3) waste water and residues from mining zone, waste liquid seepage from hydrometallurgical mill, tailings storage in the open air, and mineral falls from transport may be the major factor that leads Cd into rice field with surface runoff thus causing rice in the mining area to have higher content of Cd.
引文
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[2]覃国秀,刘庆成,陈宁,徐海峰.某矿山天然放射性核素的调查[J].世界核地质科学,2008,25(1):54~56.
[3]杨明理,Shinji Tokonami,蔡振民,先杰,文星.某铀尾矿库周边地区氡调查[J].核技术,2002,25(7):545~550.
[4]王卫星,杨亚新,王雷明,刘庆成,夏元复.广东下庄铀矿田土壤的天然放射性研究[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(1):120~123.
[5]杨巍,杨亚新,曹龙生,张叶,郑勇明.某铀尾矿库中放射性核素对环境的影响[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),2011,25(7):545~550.
[6]刘娟,李红春,王津,宋刚,齐剑英,陈永亨,李祥平,吴颖娟.华南某铀矿开采利用对地表水环境质量的影响[J].环境化学,2012,31(7):981~989.
[7]黄德娟,朱业安,刘庆成,杨亚新,彭道峰.某铀矿山环境土壤重金属污染评价[J].金属矿山,2013,(1):146~150.
[8]付善明,周永章,赵宇鴳,等.广东大宝山铁多金属矿废水对河流沿岸土壤的重金属污染[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):805~812.
[9]周建民,党志,司徒粤,等.大宝山矿区周围土壤重金属污染分布特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(6):1172~1176.
[10]蔡美芳,党志,文震,等.矿区周围土壤中重金属危害性评估研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(1):6~8.
[11]周建民,党志,蔡美芳,等.大宝山矿区污染水体中重金属的形态分布及迁移转化[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(3):5~10.
[12]石平,王恩德,魏忠义,等.青城子铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].金属矿山,2010,(4):172~175.