紫苏栽培种质的形态分类及化学型关系研究
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摘要
对收集来自国内各地的不同栽培紫苏种质50份,种植后观察记录了20个形态特征,采用GC-MS对叶片挥发油成分进行分析,确定其化学型。形态特征中不同紫苏种质的株高、叶颜色和形态、果实颜色和质量的多样性明显,依据形态特征聚类分析结果,50份种质可分为6种形态类型,Ⅰ:包括6个种质,属回回苏变种,植株矮小,叶片薄皱、叶色以两面紫色为主,可称为回回苏型,该类化学型多样,有EK,PAPK,PA,PK 4种化学型;Ⅱ:包括6个种质,属回回苏变种,株型较Ⅰ高大,叶片薄皱、叶色以两面绿色为主,可称为大回回苏型,均为PA型。Ⅲ:包括17个种质,属紫苏原变种,叶色多正面绿色背面淡紫色,植株较为高大,且分布广泛,可称为普通原变种型,均为PK型。Ⅳ:包括4个种质,属野生紫苏变种,植株高大而果实小,可称为野生紫苏型,均为PK型。Ⅴ:包括7个种质,属紫苏原变种,绿色叶,其株高和果穗长度显著长于其他类型,可称为高大长穗原变种型,均为PK型。Ⅵ:包括10个种质,为紫苏原变种,叶片大而肥厚,表面呈浅波状,可称为叶大肥厚原变种型,有PK,PP,PL,PA 4个化学型。该文的形态分类可为紫苏种质资源分类命名和评价奠定基础。该研究也表明,挥发油化学型和种下分类及形态特征没有对应性,但存在一定的相关性。
Fifty cultivated Perilla seeds were collected all over the country and planted in Beijing experiment field for morphology and chemical-type researches. Twenty morphological characteristics were selected and observed, and the essential oil from leaves was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS to confirm chemical-types. There were significant diversities in plant height, leaf color and morphology, and fruit color and weight. Clustering analysis was carried out based on these morphological characteristics. Six types were divided with their chemical-type designated. Type Ⅰ: Six germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. crispa, with dwarf plants, thin creased purple leaf, named Crispa, their chemical types were diversified, including EK, PAPK, PA and PK. Type Ⅱ: Six germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. crispa, plants were taller than type I and with thin and creased green leaf, named Big Crispa, all PK type. Type Ⅲ: Seventeen germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with leaf color upside green and underside purple, tall plant and wide distribution all over the China, named Ordinary Frutescens, all PK. Type Ⅳ: Four germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. acuta with tall plant and small seed, named Acuta, all PK. Type Ⅴ: Seven germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with green leaves, tall plants and long clusters, named Long-spike Frutescens, all PK. Type Ⅵ: Ten germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with big, thick and creased leaf, named Thick-leaf Frutescens, including PK, PP, PL and PA. The morphological classification of this paper would lay the foundation for the taxonomic naming and following evaluation of the Perilla germplasm resources.This study also showed that there was no correspondence but a certain correlation between volatile oil chemical-types and subspecies classification and morphological characteristics of Perilla.
Fifty cultivated Perilla seeds were collected all over the country and planted in Beijing experiment field for morphology and chemical-type researches. Twenty morphological characteristics were selected and observed, and the essential oil from leaves was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS to confirm chemical-types. There were significant diversities in plant height, leaf color and morphology, and fruit color and weight. Clustering analysis was carried out based on these morphological characteristics. Six types were divided with their chemical-type designated. Type Ⅰ: Six germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. crispa, with dwarf plants, thin creased purple leaf, named Crispa, their chemical types were diversified, including EK, PAPK, PA and PK. Type Ⅱ: Six germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. crispa, plants were taller than type I and with thin and creased green leaf, named Big Crispa, all PK type. Type Ⅲ: Seventeen germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with leaf color upside green and underside purple, tall plant and wide distribution all over the China, named Ordinary Frutescens, all PK. Type Ⅳ: Four germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. acuta with tall plant and small seed, named Acuta, all PK. Type Ⅴ: Seven germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with green leaves, tall plants and long clusters, named Long-spike Frutescens, all PK. Type Ⅵ: Ten germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with big, thick and creased leaf, named Thick-leaf Frutescens, including PK, PP, PL and PA. The morphological classification of this paper would lay the foundation for the taxonomic naming and following evaluation of the Perilla germplasm resources.This study also showed that there was no correspondence but a certain correlation between volatile oil chemical-types and subspecies classification and morphological characteristics of Perilla.
引文
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[4] 王震,张绒,宋清,等.荷叶、绞股蓝及紫苏叶提取物复方制剂的减肥降脂作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(13):144.
[5] 魏长玲, 郭宝林, 张琛武, 等. 中国紫苏资源调查和紫苏叶挥发油化学型研究[J]. 中国中药杂志,2016, 41(10): 1823.
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[8] 安杉杉,陈燕忠,林世源,等.HPLC测定脱脂紫苏子中迷迭香酸和木犀草素的含量[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(22):66.
[9] 贺莉娟,梁逸曾,赵晨曦. 唇形科植物挥发油化学成分的 GC/MS 研究[J]. 化学学报,2007,65(3): 227.
[10] 蔡伟,熊耀康,余陈欢. 三种紫苏属植物挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析[J]. 云南中医中药杂志,2010,31(8): 63.
[11] Ramakrishna Akula, Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishanka. Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants[J]. Plant Signa Behav, 2011, 6(11): 1720.
[12] 赵淑平, 朱兆仪, 冯毓秀, 等. 紫苏与白苏不同化学型挥发油成分的研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 1993,5(3): 8.
[13] 胡彦. 中国紫苏属植物种源评价及紫苏多倍体育种初步研究[D]. 北京:北京林业大学, 2010.
[14] 伊藤美千穂. 日本産シソ属植物の類縁およひ化学分類に関する研究[D]. 京都:京都大学,1999.
[2] 中国科学院中国植物志编委会. 中国植物志. 第66卷[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1977: 282.
[3] 魏长玲, 郭宝林. 紫苏叶挥发油的不同化学型及研究进展[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2015, 40(15): 2937.
[4] 王震,张绒,宋清,等.荷叶、绞股蓝及紫苏叶提取物复方制剂的减肥降脂作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(13):144.
[5] 魏长玲, 郭宝林, 张琛武, 等. 中国紫苏资源调查和紫苏叶挥发油化学型研究[J]. 中国中药杂志,2016, 41(10): 1823.
[6] Ito M. Phytochemistry research progress. Studies on perilla relating to its essential oil and taxonomy[M]. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008: 13.
[7] 韦保耀,黄丽,滕建文,等. 紫苏香气的化学成分分析及评价[J]. 食品科学,2007,28(3):301.
[8] 安杉杉,陈燕忠,林世源,等.HPLC测定脱脂紫苏子中迷迭香酸和木犀草素的含量[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(22):66.
[9] 贺莉娟,梁逸曾,赵晨曦. 唇形科植物挥发油化学成分的 GC/MS 研究[J]. 化学学报,2007,65(3): 227.
[10] 蔡伟,熊耀康,余陈欢. 三种紫苏属植物挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析[J]. 云南中医中药杂志,2010,31(8): 63.
[11] Ramakrishna Akula, Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishanka. Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants[J]. Plant Signa Behav, 2011, 6(11): 1720.
[12] 赵淑平, 朱兆仪, 冯毓秀, 等. 紫苏与白苏不同化学型挥发油成分的研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 1993,5(3): 8.
[13] 胡彦. 中国紫苏属植物种源评价及紫苏多倍体育种初步研究[D]. 北京:北京林业大学, 2010.
[14] 伊藤美千穂. 日本産シソ属植物の類縁およひ化学分類に関する研究[D]. 京都:京都大学,1999.