中国鳍龙类(爬行纲:双孔亚纲)研究进展
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摘要
鳍龙类是中生代海洋中的顶级捕食者类群之一。中国关于鳍龙类的研究始于20世纪50年代末,先后在2个阶段内取得重要研究进展。近年来,中国华南地区三叠纪地层中发现了大量鳍龙类的新材料,对以往学界关于鳍龙类的起源、分布以及谱系演化研究构成了一定的挑战,并提出了很多新的科学问题。文章基于对中国的鳍龙类化石和地层信息的概览并与世界其他地方对比,认为鳍龙类可能起源于东特提斯区,且肿肋龙的单系性及其谱系发育位置有待进一步研究。此外,定量古生物学、CT和骨组织学等新方法、新技术的运用也将对中国鳍龙类的研究起到重要的推动作用。
Sauropterygia is one of the most successful top predators in the Mesozoic ocean. The study of Chinese sauropterygians started from 1950 s and has made significant progress since 1990 s. Recently, abundant new material from South China started to challenge previous hypothesis, such as the origin, distribution, and interrelationships of sauropterygians. Based on the review of these new fossils from South China and their stratigraphy, it is proposed that Sauropterygia may originate from eastern Tethyan region and the monophyly and relationships of pachypleurosaurs need further investigations. The application of new methods and techniques such as quantitative analysis, CT scan and bone histology will help to the study of Chinese sauropterygians.
Sauropterygia is one of the most successful top predators in the Mesozoic ocean. The study of Chinese sauropterygians started from 1950 s and has made significant progress since 1990 s. Recently, abundant new material from South China started to challenge previous hypothesis, such as the origin, distribution, and interrelationships of sauropterygians. Based on the review of these new fossils from South China and their stratigraphy, it is proposed that Sauropterygia may originate from eastern Tethyan region and the monophyly and relationships of pachypleurosaurs need further investigations. The application of new methods and techniques such as quantitative analysis, CT scan and bone histology will help to the study of Chinese sauropterygians.
引文
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[4] BENSON R B,BUTLER R J,LINDGREN J,et al.Mesozoic marine tetrapod diversity:mass extinctions and temporal heterogeneity in geological megabiases affecting vertebrates[J].Proceedings of Biological Sciences,2010,277(1683):829-834.
[5] MOTANI R.The Evolution of marine reptiles[J].Evolution Education & Outreach,2009,2(2):224-235.
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[7] ALBERS P C H,RIEPPEL O.A new species of the sauropterygian genus Nothosaurus from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk,the Netherlands[J].Journal of Paleontology,2003,77(4):738-744.
[8] DE MIGUEL C C,ORTEGA F,PEREZ-GARCIA A.New highly pachyostotic nothosauroid interpreted as a filter-feeding Triassic marine reptile[J].Biology Letters,2018,14:20180130.
[9] KLEIN N,VOETEN D F A E,HUHAARHUIS A,et al.The earliest record of the genus Lariosaurus from the early middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of the Germanic Basin[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2016,36(4):e1163712.
[10] RENESTO S,BINELLI G,HAGDORN H.A new pachypleurosaur from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation of Northern Italy[J].Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen,2014,271(2):151-168.
[11] CHENG Y N,WU X C,SATO T,et al.Dawazisaurus Brevis,A new eosauropterygian from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition),2016,90(2):401-424.
[12] LIU J,RIEPPEL O,JIANG D Y,et al.A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia,Sauropterygia) from the Lower Middle Triassic of SW China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2011,31:292-302.
[13] LIU J,HU S X,RIEPPEL O,et al.A gigantic nothosaur (Reptilia:Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of SW China and its implication for the Triassic biotic recovery[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:7142-1-9.
[14] LIN W B,JIANG D Y,RIEPPEL O,et al.A New Specimen of Lariosaurus xingyiensis (Reptilia,Sauropterygia) from the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) Zhuganpo Member,Falang Formation,Guizhou,China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2017,37(2):e1278703.
[15] STORRS G W.Anatomy and relationships of Corosaurus alcovensis (Reptilia:Nothosauria) and the Triassic Alcova LImestone of Wyoming[J].Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History,1991,44:1-151.
[16] 佐腾环,李淳,吴肖春.重庆侏罗系杨氏璧山上龙(一淡水蛇颈龙)的再研究[J].古脊椎动物学报,2003,41(1):17-33.
[17] 杨钟健.贵州新发现的肿肋龙化石[J].古脊椎动物,1958,2(2/3):69-81.
[18] 杨钟健.中国湖北、贵州的幻龙[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1965,9(4):315-367.
[19] 杨钟健,董枝明.中国三叠纪水生爬行动物[M]//中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所甲种专刊第9号.北京:科学出版社,1972:17-27.
[20] RIEPPEL O.Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of Triassic Sauropterygia:problems solved and unresolved[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,1999,153(1/2/3/4):1-15.
[21] 李淳.贵州关岭上三叠统的楯齿龙类化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,2000,38(4):314-317.
[22] LI C,RIEPPEL O.A new cyamodontoid placodont from Triassic of Guizhou,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(5):403-407.
[23] JIANG D Y,MOTANI R,HAO W C,et al.First Record of Placodontoidea (Reptilia,Sauropterygia,Placodontia) from the Eastern Tethys[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2008,28(3):904-908.
[24] 赵丽君,李淳,刘俊,等.云南中三叠世豆齿龙类(爬行子钢:楯齿龙目)一新属[J].古脊椎动物学报,2008,46(3):171-177.
[25] 尚庆华,吴肖春,李淳.云南东部中三叠世始鳍龙类一新属种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2011,49(2):155-171.
[26] 尚庆华,李淳.记云南罗平三叠纪小型始鳍龙类一新属种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2015,53(4):265-280.
[27] JIANG D Y,MOTANI R,TINTORI A et al.The Early Triassic eosauropterygian Majiashanosaurus discocoracoidis,gen.et sp.nov.(Reptilia,Sauropterygia),from Chaohu,Anhui Province,People’s Republic of China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2014,34(5):1044-1052.
[28] CHENG Y N,WU X C,SATO T,et al.A New Eosauropterygian (Diapsida,Sauropterygia) from the Triassic of China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2012,32(6):1335-1349.
[29] JIANG D Y,MAISCH M W,HAO W C,et al.Nothosaurus yangjuanensis n.sp.(Reptilia,Sauropterygia,Nothosauridae) from the middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Guizhou,southwestern China[J].Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie Monatshefte,2006(5):257-276.
[30] 李锦玲,奥利维尔·瑞柏尔.贵州兴义中三叠世Nothosaurus一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2004,42(1):1-12.
[31] 李锦玲,刘俊,奥利维尔·瑞柏尔.贵州兴义中三叠统法郎组竹杆坡段Lariosaurus一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2002,40(2):115-126.
[32] JIANG D Y,MAISCH M W,Sun Z Y,et al.A new species of Lariosaurus (Reptilia,Sauropterygia) from the Middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of southwestern China[J].Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Pal,2006,242(1):19-42.
[33] 程龙.滇黔地区中晚三叠世之交海生爬行动物演替研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2015.
[34] CHENG Y N,SATO T,WU X C,et al.First Complete Pistosauroid from the Triassic of China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2006,26(2):501-504.
[35] YOUNG C C.On a new Nothosauria from the Lower Triassic beds of Kwangsi[J].Vertbrata PalAsiatat,1959,3(2):73-78.
[36] MA L T,JIANG D Y,RIEPPEL O,et al.A new pistosauroid (Reptilia,Sauropterygia) from the late Ladinian Xingyi marine reptile level,southwestern China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2015,35(1):e881832.
[37] NEENAN J M,KLEIN N,SCHEYER T M.European origin of placodont marine reptiles and the evolution of crushing dentition in Placodontia[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:1621-1-7.
[38] 尚庆华,刘俊,徐光辉,等.论广西武鸣三叠纪海生爬行动物东方广西龙(鳍龙类)的时代[J].古脊椎动物学报,2014,52(4):381-389.
[39] RIEPPEL O,LIN K.Pachypleurosaurs(Reptilia:Sauropterygia) from the Lower Muschelkalk,and a review of the Pachypleurosauroidea[J].Fieldiana (Geology) New Series,1995,32:1-44.
[40] 程龙,阎春波,陈孝红,等.湖北省南漳/远安动物群特征及其意义初探[J].中国地质,2015(2):676-684.
[41] 尚庆华.贵州中三叠世早期幻龙属(Nothosaurns)一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2006,44(3):237-249.
[42] 尹超,郝维城,孙作玉,等.贵州省盘县中三叠世羊圈幻龙新材料的研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(3):467-475.
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