隧道爆破现场高速图像采集与精确控制爆破参数研究
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摘要
受隧道内环境恶劣、相机防护等诸多因素制约,隧道现场爆破的高速图像采集与分析尚未实现,而这对精准控制爆破参数非常重要。以重庆某隧道为研究背景,在解决现场测试技术难题基础上,得到隧道爆破过程完整图像并同时获取爆破振动数据;据此分析了隧道爆破岩石破裂现象:炸药起爆15～18 ms后岩体移动,21 ms左右形成空洞并不断扩展后抛出;探讨了同对掏槽眼爆破协同作用时间与微差降振时间之间的矛盾,研究表明兼顾二者作用的起爆时差为8～50 ms;通过分析爆破裂隙扩展曲线特点并结合实测振动数据,确定起爆54 ms时形成第二临空面,较按过去方法确定的时间更精确,以此进行现场掏槽段位设计的降振效果良好;研究结果可为精准控制爆破提供参考。
Parameter design of precise controlled blasting in urban tunnels is crucial, which needs the high-speed photography image acquisition and study on the dynamic failure process of rock on field. However, it has not been studied in-depth in the past due to restrict of many factors, the factors include protection of the camera and the bad environment. Based on the technical problems tests on field are solved in a tunnel in Chongqing, China. Original data that include the images of the complete blasting process in tunnel and the blasting vibration data are collected simultaneously, which is the basis for analyzing the phenomenon of rock burst during blasting. 15-18 ms after initiation, the rock masses begin to move and caves are expanded continuously while the rock masses are thrown at about 21 ms. The blast effects is much better if the millisecond delay time between two blast-holes sets 8-50 ms, which can balance the contradiction between two blasting effects, one is the blasting synergetic effect between a pair of cutting holes, and the other is vibration reduction effects of millisecond blasting. The second free face is formed at 54 ms by analyzing the characteristics of crack propagation curves combined with field-measured vibration data. The method is more accurate than the time determined by past methods. Based on this, the optimized on-field delay design of detonators was carried out and got good vibration reduction results. The results can serve as a reference for precise controlled blasting of tunnel in the future.
Parameter design of precise controlled blasting in urban tunnels is crucial, which needs the high-speed photography image acquisition and study on the dynamic failure process of rock on field. However, it has not been studied in-depth in the past due to restrict of many factors, the factors include protection of the camera and the bad environment. Based on the technical problems tests on field are solved in a tunnel in Chongqing, China. Original data that include the images of the complete blasting process in tunnel and the blasting vibration data are collected simultaneously, which is the basis for analyzing the phenomenon of rock burst during blasting. 15-18 ms after initiation, the rock masses begin to move and caves are expanded continuously while the rock masses are thrown at about 21 ms. The blast effects is much better if the millisecond delay time between two blast-holes sets 8-50 ms, which can balance the contradiction between two blasting effects, one is the blasting synergetic effect between a pair of cutting holes, and the other is vibration reduction effects of millisecond blasting. The second free face is formed at 54 ms by analyzing the characteristics of crack propagation curves combined with field-measured vibration data. The method is more accurate than the time determined by past methods. Based on this, the optimized on-field delay design of detonators was carried out and got good vibration reduction results. The results can serve as a reference for precise controlled blasting of tunnel in the future.
引文
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[14]龚敏,邱燚可可,孟祥栋,等.基于HHT的雷管实际延时识别法在城市环境微差爆破中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(10):206-212.DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.10.036.GONG Min,QIU Yikeke,MENG Xiangdong,et al.Identification method of detonator’s actual firing time delay based on HHT and its application in millisecond blasting under urban environment[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(10):206-212.DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.10.036.
[15]龚敏,陈哲,吴昊骏,等.掏槽药量与起爆时差的关系对隧道爆破合成振速的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(6):1110-1124.DOI:10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2016.06.004.GONG Min,CHEN Zhe,WU Haojun,et al.Influence of correlation between cut basting charge and detonating interval time on superposition vibration velocity caused by millisecond blasting in tunnel[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(6):1110-1124.DOI:10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2016.06.004.
[2]DALLY J W.Dynamic photoelasticity and its application to stress wave propagation,fracture mechanics and fracture control[M]//Lagarde A.Static and Dynamic Photoelasticity and Caustic:Recent Developments,1987:247-406.
[3]BRINKMANN J R.The application of high speed photography to explosive rock breaking research in underground mining[C]//The 17th International on High Speed Photography and Photonics.Pretoria,South Africa,1987:38-54.
[4]CHIAPPETTA A R F,MAMMELE M E.Use of high-speed motion picture photography in blast evaluation and design[C]//The 31st Annual Technical Symposium.San Diego,CA,United States,1988:319-336.
[5]黄政华,吴灵光,吴其苏.用高速摄影法确定大区爆破微差时间的研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1992,12(1):115-109.HUANG Zhenghua,WU Lingguang,WU Qisu.Study of millisecond-time in large area differential blasting by high-speed photograph[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1992,12(1):115-109.
[6]杨仁树,王雁冰.切缝药包不耦合装药爆破爆生裂纹动态断裂效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1337-1343.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2013.07.007.YANG Renshu,WANG Yanbing.Experimental study of dynamic fracture effect of blasting crack in soloed cartridge decoupling charge blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1337-1343.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2013.07.007.
[7]李清,于强,朱各勇,等.不同药量的切缝药包双孔爆破裂纹扩展规律试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(9):2205-2212.DOI:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0164.LI Qing,YU Qiang,ZHU Geyong,et al.Experimental study of crack propagation under two-hole slotted cartridge blasting with different amounts of charge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(9):2205-2212.DOI:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0164.
[8]何理,钟冬望,李琳娜,等.岩体爆破综合实验研究系统及其应用[J].矿冶工程,2017,37(2):36-45.HE Li,ZHONG Dongwang,LI Linna,et al.A comprehensive experimental research system for rock blasting and its application[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2017,37(2):36-45.
[9]张继春,肖正学,郑爽英,等.含软弱夹层岩体爆破的夹层土运动特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1697-1703.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2009.08.022.ZHANG Jichun,XIAO Zhengxue,ZHENG Shuangying,et al.Experimental study of motion characteristics of weak intercalation in rock mass blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1697-1703.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2009.08.022.
[10]朱宽,钟冬望,陈浩,等.210 m钢筋砼烟囱爆破倒塌过程测量分析[J].武汉科技大学学报,2013,36(4):311-315.ZHU Kuan,ZHONG Dongwang,CHEN Hao,et al.Measurements on the collapse process of 210 m reinforced concrete chimney by blasting demolition[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2013,36(4):311-315.
[11]黄永辉,刘殿书,李胜林,等.高台阶抛掷爆破速度规律的数值模拟[J].爆炸与冲击,2014,34(4):495-500.DOI:10.11883/1001-1455(2014)04-0495-06.HUANG Yonghui,LIU Dianshu,LI Shenglin,et al.Numerical simulation on pin-point blasting of sloping surface[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2014,34(4):495-500.DOI:10.11883/1001-1455(2014)04-0495-06.
[12]李祥龙,胡涛,张智宇,等.基于高速摄影技术爆破鼓包运动规律的研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2015,35(12):1228-1232.DOI:10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2015.12.004.LI Xianglong,HU Tao,ZHANG Zhiyu,et al.Bulging movement in explosion based on high speed photography technology[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2015,35(12):1228-1232.DOI:10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2015.12.004.
[13]张建华,俞雄志,夏岸雄.露天矿山爆破效果的高速影像分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2015,35(9):24-26.DOI:10.13827/j.cnki.kyyk.2015.09.006.ZHANG Jianhua,YU Xiongzhi,XIA Anxiong.High-speed photography analysis on blasting effect in open-pit mine[J].Mining Research and Development,2015,35(9):24-26.DOI:10.13827/j.cnki.kyyk.2015.09.006.
[14]龚敏,邱燚可可,孟祥栋,等.基于HHT的雷管实际延时识别法在城市环境微差爆破中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(10):206-212.DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.10.036.GONG Min,QIU Yikeke,MENG Xiangdong,et al.Identification method of detonator’s actual firing time delay based on HHT and its application in millisecond blasting under urban environment[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(10):206-212.DOI:10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2015.10.036.
[15]龚敏,陈哲,吴昊骏,等.掏槽药量与起爆时差的关系对隧道爆破合成振速的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(6):1110-1124.DOI:10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2016.06.004.GONG Min,CHEN Zhe,WU Haojun,et al.Influence of correlation between cut basting charge and detonating interval time on superposition vibration velocity caused by millisecond blasting in tunnel[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(6):1110-1124.DOI:10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2016.06.004.