杆塔接地装置冲击散流的测试技术研究
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摘要
雷电冲击下地中散流对设备、生物的影响已经得到了广泛关注。目前杆塔接地装置附近冲击散流缺乏直接、有效的测量,因此研究了冲击散流的测量技术。首先利用平板型电场测试结构设计并制作了地中散流测量装置并给出了地中散流空间的电流密度计算方法;然后搭建了测试平台以确定合适的装置尺寸,为了满足测量要求,电极板的间距需控制在0.01～0.02 m,电极板的长宽需控制在0.05～0.1 m;最后通过冲击模拟试验检验了装置的测量准确性,其测量的绝对误差在10 A/m~2以内。设计的测量装置已在广东省佛山市地区完成试点工程应用。
The effectiveness of dispersing current under lightning impulse on equipment and biology has been widely recognized. At present, there is no effective measurement of impulse dispersing current near tower grounding device. Therefore, the measurement technology is studied in this paper. Firstly, a device for measuring impulse dispersing current in the ground is made by using flat electrode structure and the calculation method of the current density in the ground is proposed. Then, a test platform is built to determine the appropriate device size. To meet the measurement requirements, the space of the electrode plate should be controlled at 0.01～0.02 m. The length and the width of the electrode plate should be controlled at 0.05～0.1 m. Finally, the measurement accuracy of the device is verified by simulation test. The absolute error of the device is less than 10 A/m~2. The device has been applied to the pilot project in Foshan City, Guangdong province.
The effectiveness of dispersing current under lightning impulse on equipment and biology has been widely recognized. At present, there is no effective measurement of impulse dispersing current near tower grounding device. Therefore, the measurement technology is studied in this paper. Firstly, a device for measuring impulse dispersing current in the ground is made by using flat electrode structure and the calculation method of the current density in the ground is proposed. Then, a test platform is built to determine the appropriate device size. To meet the measurement requirements, the space of the electrode plate should be controlled at 0.01～0.02 m. The length and the width of the electrode plate should be controlled at 0.05～0.1 m. Finally, the measurement accuracy of the device is verified by simulation test. The absolute error of the device is less than 10 A/m~2. The device has been applied to the pilot project in Foshan City, Guangdong province.
引文
[1] 谷山强,王剑,冯万兴,等.电网雷电监测数据统计与挖掘分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(11):3383-3391.GU SH Q, WANG J, FENG W X, et al. Statistical and mining analysis of lightning detection data in power grid [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(11):3383-3391.
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[3] LI J L, YUAN T, YANG Q, et al. Numerical and experimental investigation of grounding electrode impulse-current dispersal regularity considering the transient ionization phenomenon [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2011, 26(4):2647- 2658.
[4] 邓长征,周文俊,魏绍东,等.电感效应与火花效应对接地体及其周围土壤雷电冲击特性的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2015, 41(1):56- 62.DENG CH ZH, ZHOU W J, WEI SH D, et al. Influence analysis of inductance effect and spark effect on lightning impulse characteristics of grounding conductors and its ambient soil [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41 (1):56- 62.
[5] 鲁海亮,冯志强,文习山,等.考虑土壤火花放电的接地装置暂态特性全时域电网络模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):7058-7065,7098.LU H L, FENG ZH Q, WEN X SH, et al. Full-time electrical network model of the transient characteristics of the grounding devices considering soil sparkover [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017,37(23):7058-7065,7098.
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[11] 张波,余绍峰,孔维政,等.接地装置雷电冲击特性的大电流试验分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):548- 554.ZHANG B, YU SH F, KONG W ZH, et al. Experimental analysis on impulse characteristics of grounding devices under high lightning current [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(3): 548- 554.
[12] 邓长征,周文俊,杨迎建,等.杆塔接地冲击特性的模拟试验研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2917- 2922.DENG CH ZH, ZHOU W J, YANG Y J, et al. Simulation test study of grounding impulse characteristics of transmission line tower [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014, 40(9): 2917- 2922.
[13] MOTOYAMA H. Electromagnetic transient response of buried bare wire and ground grid [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(3):1673-1679.
[14] MOTOYAMA H. Experimental and analytical studies on lightning surge characteristics of a buried bare wire[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2008, 164(3):35- 41.
[15] MOTOYAMA H. Experimental and analytical studies on lightning surge characteristics of ground mesh[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2007, 160(4):16- 23.
[16] ERLER J W, SNOWDEN D P. High resolution studies of the electrical breakdown of soil[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1983, 30(6):4564- 4567.
[17] 李睿,但刚,吴健,等.非均匀电场测量系统的研究与设计[J].电测与仪表,2018,55(11):100-104.LI R, DAN G, WU J, et al. Research and design of non-uniform electric field measurement system[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2018, 55 (11):100-104.
[18] 柯盼盼,高云鹏,何湘衡,等.新型低功耗宽量程精密恒电位仪设计[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2017,31(9):1467-1474.KE P P, GAO Y P, HE X H, et al. Design of novel wide-range precision potentiostat with low power dissipation[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2017, 31 (9): 1467-1474.
[19] 刘圣霞,许祥辉,王晶.分布式脉冲磁场测量系统研究[J].电子测量技术,2017,40(5):104-108.LIU SH X, XU X H, WANG J. Research on distributed measurement system of pulsed magnetic field[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2017, 40 (5): 104-108.
[20] 李凌梅,刘红光,李青,等.在线检定关键技术及应用[J].国外电子测量技术,2017,36(7):107-109.LI L M, LIU H G, LI Q, et al. Key technology and application of online verification [J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2017, 36 (7): 107-109.
[21] 聂鹏飞,崔勇,袁海文,等.一种基于差分传导电流原理的工频电场传感器[J].测控技术,2015,34(1):1-3,7.NIE P F, CUI Y, YUAN H W, et al. Power frequency electric field sensor based on the principle of difference conduction current[J]. Measurement and Control Technology, 2015, 34(1):1-3,7.
[22] 胡泽文.工频电场测量方法和传感器的研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2010.HU Z W. Research on method and sensor of power frequency electric field measurement [D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2010.
[23] ZHOU D Q, CHANG X, DU Y, et al. Research on the crack detection of conductive components using pulsed eddy current thermography[J]. Instrumentation, 2017,4(3):59- 68.
[24] 赵梓妤,刘振侠,吕亚国,等.高分辨率转子叶尖间隙测量传感器的设计及验证[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(6):132-139.ZHAO Z Y, LIU ZH X, LV Y G, et al. Design and verification of high resolution eddy current sensor for blade tip clearance measurement[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018,39 (6):132-139.
[25] 胡楚锋,郭丽芳,李南京,等.球面多探头天线近场测试系统校准方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(5):1061-1070.HU CH F, GUO L F, LI N J, et al. Study on the calibration method of spherical multi-probe antenna near-field measurement system[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38 (5): 1061-1070.
[26] MISAKIAN M, FULCOMER P M. Measurement of nonuniform power frequency electric fields[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1983(6):657- 661.
[2] SIMA W, ZH B, YUAN T, et al. Finite-element model of the grounding electrode impulse characteristics in a complex soil structure based on geometric coordinate transformation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, 31(1):96-102.
[3] LI J L, YUAN T, YANG Q, et al. Numerical and experimental investigation of grounding electrode impulse-current dispersal regularity considering the transient ionization phenomenon [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2011, 26(4):2647- 2658.
[4] 邓长征,周文俊,魏绍东,等.电感效应与火花效应对接地体及其周围土壤雷电冲击特性的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2015, 41(1):56- 62.DENG CH ZH, ZHOU W J, WEI SH D, et al. Influence analysis of inductance effect and spark effect on lightning impulse characteristics of grounding conductors and its ambient soil [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41 (1):56- 62.
[5] 鲁海亮,冯志强,文习山,等.考虑土壤火花放电的接地装置暂态特性全时域电网络模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):7058-7065,7098.LU H L, FENG ZH Q, WEN X SH, et al. Full-time electrical network model of the transient characteristics of the grounding devices considering soil sparkover [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017,37(23):7058-7065,7098.
[6] HABJANIC A, TRLEP M. The simulation of the soil ionization phenomenon around the grounding system by the finite element method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2006,42(4):867- 870.
[7] NOR N M, HADDAD A, GRIFFITHS H. Characterization of ionization phenomena in soils under fast impulses [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 21(1):353-361.
[8] 曹晓斌,杜俊乐,高竹青,等.基质结构对土壤冲击特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3769-3776.CAO X B, DU J L, GAO ZH Q, et al. Effects of matrix structure on the impact properties of soil[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017,43 (11):3769-3776.
[9] 陈名铭,曹晓斌,杨琳,等.同轴圆柱形电极下土壤冲击特性的试验研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2291- 2296.CHEN M M, CAO X B, YANG L, et al.Experimental study on soil impulse characteristics surrounding coaxial cylindrical electrodes[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37 (8):2291- 2296.
[10] HE J, ZHANG B. Progress in lightning impulse characteristics of grounding electrodes with soil ionization [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015, 51(6):4924- 4933.
[11] 张波,余绍峰,孔维政,等.接地装置雷电冲击特性的大电流试验分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):548- 554.ZHANG B, YU SH F, KONG W ZH, et al. Experimental analysis on impulse characteristics of grounding devices under high lightning current [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(3): 548- 554.
[12] 邓长征,周文俊,杨迎建,等.杆塔接地冲击特性的模拟试验研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2917- 2922.DENG CH ZH, ZHOU W J, YANG Y J, et al. Simulation test study of grounding impulse characteristics of transmission line tower [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2014, 40(9): 2917- 2922.
[13] MOTOYAMA H. Electromagnetic transient response of buried bare wire and ground grid [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(3):1673-1679.
[14] MOTOYAMA H. Experimental and analytical studies on lightning surge characteristics of a buried bare wire[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2008, 164(3):35- 41.
[15] MOTOYAMA H. Experimental and analytical studies on lightning surge characteristics of ground mesh[J]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2007, 160(4):16- 23.
[16] ERLER J W, SNOWDEN D P. High resolution studies of the electrical breakdown of soil[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1983, 30(6):4564- 4567.
[17] 李睿,但刚,吴健,等.非均匀电场测量系统的研究与设计[J].电测与仪表,2018,55(11):100-104.LI R, DAN G, WU J, et al. Research and design of non-uniform electric field measurement system[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2018, 55 (11):100-104.
[18] 柯盼盼,高云鹏,何湘衡,等.新型低功耗宽量程精密恒电位仪设计[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2017,31(9):1467-1474.KE P P, GAO Y P, HE X H, et al. Design of novel wide-range precision potentiostat with low power dissipation[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2017, 31 (9): 1467-1474.
[19] 刘圣霞,许祥辉,王晶.分布式脉冲磁场测量系统研究[J].电子测量技术,2017,40(5):104-108.LIU SH X, XU X H, WANG J. Research on distributed measurement system of pulsed magnetic field[J]. Electronic Measurement Technology, 2017, 40 (5): 104-108.
[20] 李凌梅,刘红光,李青,等.在线检定关键技术及应用[J].国外电子测量技术,2017,36(7):107-109.LI L M, LIU H G, LI Q, et al. Key technology and application of online verification [J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2017, 36 (7): 107-109.
[21] 聂鹏飞,崔勇,袁海文,等.一种基于差分传导电流原理的工频电场传感器[J].测控技术,2015,34(1):1-3,7.NIE P F, CUI Y, YUAN H W, et al. Power frequency electric field sensor based on the principle of difference conduction current[J]. Measurement and Control Technology, 2015, 34(1):1-3,7.
[22] 胡泽文.工频电场测量方法和传感器的研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学,2010.HU Z W. Research on method and sensor of power frequency electric field measurement [D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2010.
[23] ZHOU D Q, CHANG X, DU Y, et al. Research on the crack detection of conductive components using pulsed eddy current thermography[J]. Instrumentation, 2017,4(3):59- 68.
[24] 赵梓妤,刘振侠,吕亚国,等.高分辨率转子叶尖间隙测量传感器的设计及验证[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(6):132-139.ZHAO Z Y, LIU ZH X, LV Y G, et al. Design and verification of high resolution eddy current sensor for blade tip clearance measurement[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018,39 (6):132-139.
[25] 胡楚锋,郭丽芳,李南京,等.球面多探头天线近场测试系统校准方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(5):1061-1070.HU CH F, GUO L F, LI N J, et al. Study on the calibration method of spherical multi-probe antenna near-field measurement system[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38 (5): 1061-1070.
[26] MISAKIAN M, FULCOMER P M. Measurement of nonuniform power frequency electric fields[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1983(6):657- 661.