基于遥感技术的城市下垫面参数与热环境关系的研究——以北京市朝阳区为例
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摘要
城市热岛(UHI)不仅直接关系到城市人居环境质量和居民健康状况,同时还对城市能源消耗、生态系统过程演变、生物物候以及城市经济可持续发展有着深远的影响。以北京市朝阳区2002—2017年夏季4期Landsat系列遥感影像为数据,采用大气反演法,对15年间朝阳区城市地表温度(LST)时空变化进行分析,发现15年间朝阳区城市热岛比例指数上升迅速,热岛效应逐年加剧。进一步研究表明,城市地表温度与归一化植被指数(NDVI)及归一化建筑指数(NDBI)密切相关:地表温度与NDBI正相关,NDBI指数每升高0.1,地表升温0.79～2.37°C;与NDVI指数负相关,NDVI指数每提高0.1,地表降温0.4～0.77°C。本研究可为城市规划建设与城市绿地营建提供科学具体的参考指导依据,并促进生态可持续发展与人居环境改善。
Urban Heat Island, which is directly related to the quality of urban living environment and residents' health, leaves profound impacts on urban energy consumption, ecosystem process evolution, biological phenology and sustainable development of urban economy. In this paper, we apply the atmospheric inversion method to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of the urban thermal environment in Chaoyang District of Beijing during the 15 years from 2002 to 2017 using the Landsat remote sensing images from the district in the summer. We find that the proportion index of Urban Heat Islands in Chaoyang District soared rapidly during the15 years, and the heat island effect increased year by year. Further research shows the quantitative & qualitative relationship between the Land Surface Temperature(LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Normalized Difference Built-up Index(NDBI) using satellite imagery data over the period of 2002 to 2017, the LST was positively correlated with the NDBI: every increase of 0.1 in the NDBI would lead the LST to rise 0.79～2.37 °C;negatively correlated with the NDVI: For every 0.1 increase in the NDVI, a cooling in the range of 0.4～0.77 °C will be formed on the land surface. This study can provide scientific and concrete reference basis for urban planning and construction and urban green space construction, and promote the improvement of human settlements environment and ecological sustainable development.
Urban Heat Island, which is directly related to the quality of urban living environment and residents' health, leaves profound impacts on urban energy consumption, ecosystem process evolution, biological phenology and sustainable development of urban economy. In this paper, we apply the atmospheric inversion method to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of the urban thermal environment in Chaoyang District of Beijing during the 15 years from 2002 to 2017 using the Landsat remote sensing images from the district in the summer. We find that the proportion index of Urban Heat Islands in Chaoyang District soared rapidly during the15 years, and the heat island effect increased year by year. Further research shows the quantitative & qualitative relationship between the Land Surface Temperature(LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Normalized Difference Built-up Index(NDBI) using satellite imagery data over the period of 2002 to 2017, the LST was positively correlated with the NDBI: every increase of 0.1 in the NDBI would lead the LST to rise 0.79～2.37 °C;negatively correlated with the NDVI: For every 0.1 increase in the NDVI, a cooling in the range of 0.4～0.77 °C will be formed on the land surface. This study can provide scientific and concrete reference basis for urban planning and construction and urban green space construction, and promote the improvement of human settlements environment and ecological sustainable development.
引文
[1]宫阿都,陈云浩,李京,等.北京市城市热岛与土地利用/覆盖变化的关系研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2007(8):1476-1482.
[2]薛晓娟,孟庆岩,王春梅,等.北京市热岛效应时空变化的HJ-1B监测分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2012,14(4):474-480.
[3]王靓,孟庆岩,吴俊,等.2005—2014年北京市主要城建区热岛强度时空格局分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(9):1047-1054.
[4]葛荣凤,王京丽,张力小,等.北京市城市化进程中热环境响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6040-6049.
[5]北京市统计局.北京统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018:59.
[6]北京市朝阳区统计局.2017年1—12月份朝阳区经济社会发展统计指标[EB/OL].(2018-01-31)[2019-02-22].http://www.bjchy.gov.cn/affair/tjxx/month/8a24fe83614a66e401614b8111710016.html.
[7]宫阿都,徐捷,赵静,等.城市热岛研究方法概述[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(6):96-99.
[8] SOBRINO J A, JIMéNEZ-MU?OZ J C, PAOLINI L. Land SurfaceTemperatureRetrievalfromLANDSATTM5[J].Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 90(4):434–440.
[9]徐涵秋,陈本清.不同时相的遥感热红外图像在研究城市热岛变化中的处理方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2003(3):129-133+185.
[10]郭铌.植被指数及其研究进展[J].干旱气象,2003(4):71-75.
[11]王正兴,刘闯,ALFREDO H.植被指数研究进展:从AVHRR-NDVI到MODIS-EVI[J].生态学报,2003(5):979-987.
[12]查勇,倪绍祥,杨山.一种利用TM图像自动提取城镇用地信息的有效方法[J].遥感学报,2003(1):37-40+82.
[13]祝亚鹏,王琳,卫宝立.发展中城市地表热环境与下垫面关系研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(S1):318-324.
(1)登录美国气象局网站(http://atmcorr.gsfc.nasa.gov)输入遥感影像的成影时间、中心经纬度获取大气剖面信息。
(2)图1~7均为作者自绘,其中图1底图来自谷歌全色卫星影像2017年5月,图1和图2的行政边界来源均为国家基础地理信息中心(National Geomatics Center of China),图4基于对图3进行统计分析的数据绘制。图5基于城市热岛比例指数计算数据绘制;表1~3均为作者自绘,其中表1气温数据来自世界天气查询网(ForeCast.io)。
[2]薛晓娟,孟庆岩,王春梅,等.北京市热岛效应时空变化的HJ-1B监测分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2012,14(4):474-480.
[3]王靓,孟庆岩,吴俊,等.2005—2014年北京市主要城建区热岛强度时空格局分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(9):1047-1054.
[4]葛荣凤,王京丽,张力小,等.北京市城市化进程中热环境响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6040-6049.
[5]北京市统计局.北京统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018:59.
[6]北京市朝阳区统计局.2017年1—12月份朝阳区经济社会发展统计指标[EB/OL].(2018-01-31)[2019-02-22].http://www.bjchy.gov.cn/affair/tjxx/month/8a24fe83614a66e401614b8111710016.html.
[7]宫阿都,徐捷,赵静,等.城市热岛研究方法概述[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(6):96-99.
[8] SOBRINO J A, JIMéNEZ-MU?OZ J C, PAOLINI L. Land SurfaceTemperatureRetrievalfromLANDSATTM5[J].Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 90(4):434–440.
[9]徐涵秋,陈本清.不同时相的遥感热红外图像在研究城市热岛变化中的处理方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2003(3):129-133+185.
[10]郭铌.植被指数及其研究进展[J].干旱气象,2003(4):71-75.
[11]王正兴,刘闯,ALFREDO H.植被指数研究进展:从AVHRR-NDVI到MODIS-EVI[J].生态学报,2003(5):979-987.
[12]查勇,倪绍祥,杨山.一种利用TM图像自动提取城镇用地信息的有效方法[J].遥感学报,2003(1):37-40+82.
[13]祝亚鹏,王琳,卫宝立.发展中城市地表热环境与下垫面关系研究[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(S1):318-324.
(1)登录美国气象局网站(http://atmcorr.gsfc.nasa.gov)输入遥感影像的成影时间、中心经纬度获取大气剖面信息。
(2)图1~7均为作者自绘,其中图1底图来自谷歌全色卫星影像2017年5月,图1和图2的行政边界来源均为国家基础地理信息中心(National Geomatics Center of China),图4基于对图3进行统计分析的数据绘制。图5基于城市热岛比例指数计算数据绘制;表1~3均为作者自绘,其中表1气温数据来自世界天气查询网(ForeCast.io)。