在线协作、数据共享与整体性政府——基于浙江省“最多跑一次改革”的分析
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摘要
政府相对于公民本应是一个整体的组织,但政府科层制的组织架构带来了部门化、碎片化的风险,导致公民受制于政府多部门的管理,往往烦琐且效率低下,民众多有所抱怨。浙江省率先提出"最多跑一次"改革以解决这一现实问题。"最多跑一次"这一看似极端的政府承诺之所以能够得到基本履行,是因为整体性政府的建设在一定程度上缓解了公共事务的综合性和政府职能的碎片化之间的矛盾。互联网等现代信息技术的发展和应用推动了整体性政府的建设,突出表现为在线协作和数据共享的发展。在线协作通过互联网平台将分散在政府各部门的职能在不改变政府部门专业分工的基础上加以整合,构建起协调沟通机制,从而实现在线联结与实时合作,有效地降低了政府部门间的各项合作成本。数据共享的推行使数据得以在政府部门间流动,成为一种流动的数据资源,极大地降低了数据搜集、数据处理等所带来的成本,也进一步助推了政府部门间的融合。与此同时,在线协作和数据共享的深入推进还具有很强的正外部性,如降低企业的制度性交易成本,有利于建设法治政府、服务型政府等。
The government should be an holistic organization relative to the citizens,but the organizational structure of the bureaucratic system has brought risks of departmentalization and fragmentation. As a result,citizens are subject to multi-sectoral government management,which is often cumbersome and inefficient. Zhejiang Province took the lead in proposing the"run once at most"reform to resolve this real problem. The seemingly extreme government promise of"run once at most"has been able to achieve basic performance because the holistic government construction has eased the contradiction between the complexity of public affairs and the fragmentation of government functions to some extent. The development and application of modern information technology such as the Internet has promoted the construction of a holistic government,highlighting the development of online collaboration and data sharing. Online collaboration through the Internet platform will be scattered in the various functions of government departments without changing the professional division on the basis of the integration of the government to build a coordination and communication mechanism to achieve online connection and real-time cooperation,effectively reducing the various government departments cooperation costs. Data on the use of data sharing can be flowed between government departments and become a mobile data resource,which greatly reduces the costs of data collection and data processing,and further boosts the integration of government departments. At the same time,the in-depth promotion of online collaboration and data sharing also has a strong positive externality,such as reducing the institutional transaction costs of enterprises and helping to build a rule of law government and a service-oriented government.
The government should be an holistic organization relative to the citizens,but the organizational structure of the bureaucratic system has brought risks of departmentalization and fragmentation. As a result,citizens are subject to multi-sectoral government management,which is often cumbersome and inefficient. Zhejiang Province took the lead in proposing the"run once at most"reform to resolve this real problem. The seemingly extreme government promise of"run once at most"has been able to achieve basic performance because the holistic government construction has eased the contradiction between the complexity of public affairs and the fragmentation of government functions to some extent. The development and application of modern information technology such as the Internet has promoted the construction of a holistic government,highlighting the development of online collaboration and data sharing. Online collaboration through the Internet platform will be scattered in the various functions of government departments without changing the professional division on the basis of the integration of the government to build a coordination and communication mechanism to achieve online connection and real-time cooperation,effectively reducing the various government departments cooperation costs. Data on the use of data sharing can be flowed between government departments and become a mobile data resource,which greatly reduces the costs of data collection and data processing,and further boosts the integration of government departments. At the same time,the in-depth promotion of online collaboration and data sharing also has a strong positive externality,such as reducing the institutional transaction costs of enterprises and helping to build a rule of law government and a service-oriented government.
引文
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[2]邓崴,翁浩浩,金春华,刘乐平.深化改革的“关键一跃”[J].浙江日报,2018-01-02.
[3]范柏乃,陈亦宝.全面深化“放管服”改革:“最多跑一次”[J].社会治理,2017(6):49-52.
[4]许耀桐.“最对跑一次”是深刻的行政革命[N].浙江日报,2018-04-12.
[5]杨光斌.关于国家治理能力的一般理论---探索世界政治(比较政治)研究的新范式[J].教学与研究,2017(1):5-22.
[6]Skocpol,Theda.Bring the State back in:Strategies of Analysis in Current Research.New York:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[7]Michael Mann.States,War and Capitalism.Oxford:Blackwell,1998.
[8]赵鼎新.国家、战争与历史发展:前现代中西模式的比较[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2015:65.
[9]郁建兴,高翔.浙江省“最多跑一次”改革的基本经验与未来[J].浙江社会科学,2018(4):76-85,158.
[10]何显明.重塑政府改革的逻辑:以“最多跑一次”改革为中心的讨论[J].治理研究,2018(1):92-99.
[11]王余生,陈越.碎片化与整体性:综合行政执法改革路径创新研究[J].天津行政学院学报,2016(11):22-29.
[12]孔娜娜.社区公共服务碎片化的整体性治理[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(9):29-35.
[13][14]曾维和.后新公共管理时代的跨部门协同---评希克斯的整体政府理论[J].社会科学,2012(5):36-47.
[15]Perri 6.Holistic Government.London:Demos.1997.
[16]鲍涵,余峰.衢州“最多跑一次”改革成效显著[N].衢州日报,2017-12-25.
[17]以标准化推动行政审批服务规范化,引领“最多跑一次”改革[EB/OL].http://dangjian.people.com.cn/n1/2017/0719/c413386-29415832.html,2017-07-19.
[18]一次录入,大家共用,浙江“最多跑一次”改革加快打通“信息孤岛”[EB/OL].http://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2017/10/16/art_41210_2251770.html,2017-10-16.
[19]胡建淼,高知鸣.我国政府信息共享的现状、困境和出路---以行政法学为视角[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012(2):121-130.
[20]董洁,吴勇.打破“信息孤岛”,助力“最多跑一次”[N].浙江日报,2017-10-17.
[21]吴姗,方敏.群众办事“最多跑一次”[N].人民日报,2017-11-07.