7个鹅观草居群的形态学和细胞遗传学研究
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摘要
鹅观草广泛分布于我国各地及日本和朝鲜等地,具有丰富的遗传变异,种内变异类型丰富,一些居群间存在明显的生殖隔离。本研究利用人工杂交、形态学、繁育学及染色体组分析方法对来自四川雅安、四川宜宾新文、四川宜宾翠屏山、青海、新疆、浙江及山东的7个鹅观草居群进行了遗传分化研究。结果显示:(1)不同居群在株高、穗长、外稃长等表型性状存在差异,各居群间杂种F1表型性状普遍优于两亲本居群,但是颖宽个别性状劣于亲本。(2)各居群间杂种F1染色体配对水平总体较高,但也存在差异;二价体数目变异范围为19.77~20.91,单价体数目变异范围为0.18~2.46,还有低频率的三价体、四价体出现。(3)杂种F1的育性为78.9%~89.67%,自然结实率43.05%~77.98%,其中浙江与四川宜宾翠屏山居群的杂种F1的自然结实率最低(43.05%)。以上结果表明,7个鹅观草居群间存在一定程度的分化,且与各居群的地理分布呈正相关;四川宜宾与浙江居群之间存在一定的生殖隔离,遗传变异较大。
Roegneria kamoji Ohwi exited widely in China,Japan and Korea. Genetic variations and variations within species of R. kamoji Ohwi were reported in previous studies. Reproductive isolation was also observed in R.kamoji Ohwi. In this study,we using artificial hybridization,morphology comparison,thremmatology and genome analysis studies for exploring the genetic variations of seven populations of R. kamoji Ohwi from Sichuan Ya,an,Sichuan Yibin Xinwen,Sichuan Yibin Cuipingshan,Qinghai,Xinjiang,Zhejiang and Shandong. The results showed that:(1) the plant height,length of spike,length of lemma was different of populations of R. kamoji Ohwi. The phenotypic traits of the seven F1 hybrids were better than their parents,while width of glume was inferior to their parents.(2) Different chromosome pairing was observed in seven F1 hybrids. Meiotic pairing in hybrids averaged 19. 77 to 20. 91 bivalents per cell,0. 18 to 2. 46 univalents per cell,and a low frequency of trivalents and tetravalents,respectively.(3) The fertility and natural seed set of the F1 hybrids ranged from 78. 9% to 89. 67%,43. 05% to77. 98%,respectively. The lowest seed set(43. 05%) was found in the F1 hybrid between Zhejiang and Sichuan Yibin Cuipingshan. The above results suggested that differentiations were existed in seven populations of R. kamoji Ohwi,and it positively correlated with the geographical distribution of the populations. Reproductive isolation wasexisted between populations of R. kamoji Ohwi from Zhejiang and Sichuan Yibin.
Roegneria kamoji Ohwi exited widely in China,Japan and Korea. Genetic variations and variations within species of R. kamoji Ohwi were reported in previous studies. Reproductive isolation was also observed in R.kamoji Ohwi. In this study,we using artificial hybridization,morphology comparison,thremmatology and genome analysis studies for exploring the genetic variations of seven populations of R. kamoji Ohwi from Sichuan Ya,an,Sichuan Yibin Xinwen,Sichuan Yibin Cuipingshan,Qinghai,Xinjiang,Zhejiang and Shandong. The results showed that:(1) the plant height,length of spike,length of lemma was different of populations of R. kamoji Ohwi. The phenotypic traits of the seven F1 hybrids were better than their parents,while width of glume was inferior to their parents.(2) Different chromosome pairing was observed in seven F1 hybrids. Meiotic pairing in hybrids averaged 19. 77 to 20. 91 bivalents per cell,0. 18 to 2. 46 univalents per cell,and a low frequency of trivalents and tetravalents,respectively.(3) The fertility and natural seed set of the F1 hybrids ranged from 78. 9% to 89. 67%,43. 05% to77. 98%,respectively. The lowest seed set(43. 05%) was found in the F1 hybrid between Zhejiang and Sichuan Yibin Cuipingshan. The above results suggested that differentiations were existed in seven populations of R. kamoji Ohwi,and it positively correlated with the geographical distribution of the populations. Reproductive isolation wasexisted between populations of R. kamoji Ohwi from Zhejiang and Sichuan Yibin.
引文
[1]卢宝荣.小麦族遗传资源的多样性及其保护[J].生物多样性,1995,3(2):63-68
[2]郭本兆.中国植物志(第九卷第三分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:51-104
[3]颜济,杨俊良.小麦族生物系统学(第四卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:337-586
[4]万永芳,颜济,杨俊良,等.小麦近缘野生植物的赤霉病抗性研究[J].植物病理学报,1997,27(2):107-11
[5]翁益群,刘大钧.鹅观草(Roegneria C.Koch)与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)属间杂种F1的形态、赤霉病抗性和细胞遗传学研究[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(5):1-8
[6]Wan Y F,Yen C,Yang J L,et al.Evaluation of Roegneria for resistance to head scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe[J].Genet Resour Crop Evol,1997,44(3):211-215
[7]颜济,杨俊良.小麦族生物系统学(第五卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:44-45
[8]肖海峻.鹅观草种质资源遗传多样性研究[D].呼和浩特:中国农业科学院草原研究所,2007
[9]杨烈,张新全,杨武云,等.四川青衣江、岷江流域鹅观草遗传多样性的溶蛋白分析[J].草业学报,2006,15(4):12-20
[10]史冀伟,高爱农,刘津刚,等.小麦族中间鹅观草不同居群的形态多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(4):547-552
[11]张海琴,凡星,王益,等.纤毛鹅观草与多枝赖草属间杂种的细胞遗传学分析[J].草业学报,2008,17(3):162-165
[12]Kimber G,Alonso L G.The analysis of meiosis in hybrids.Ⅲ.Tetraploid hybrids[J].Can J Genet Cytol,1981,23:235-254
[13]肖海峻,徐柱,李临杭,等.鹅观草表型性状变异与生境间的相关性[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):22-30
[14]卢宝荣,Salomon B.种间杂种染色体配对所揭示的披碱草属植物St Y基因组分化及其进化意义[J].生物多样性,2004,12(2):213-226
[15]Lu B R,Salomon B.Differentiation of the SY genomes in Asiatic Elymus[J].Hereditas,1992,116:121-126
[16]卢宝荣,颜济,杨俊良.分布于日本和中国的鹅观草及其杂种的形态学和细胞学研究[J].云南植物分类,1990,19(3):237-246
[2]郭本兆.中国植物志(第九卷第三分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:51-104
[3]颜济,杨俊良.小麦族生物系统学(第四卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:337-586
[4]万永芳,颜济,杨俊良,等.小麦近缘野生植物的赤霉病抗性研究[J].植物病理学报,1997,27(2):107-11
[5]翁益群,刘大钧.鹅观草(Roegneria C.Koch)与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)属间杂种F1的形态、赤霉病抗性和细胞遗传学研究[J].中国农业科学,1989,22(5):1-8
[6]Wan Y F,Yen C,Yang J L,et al.Evaluation of Roegneria for resistance to head scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe[J].Genet Resour Crop Evol,1997,44(3):211-215
[7]颜济,杨俊良.小麦族生物系统学(第五卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:44-45
[8]肖海峻.鹅观草种质资源遗传多样性研究[D].呼和浩特:中国农业科学院草原研究所,2007
[9]杨烈,张新全,杨武云,等.四川青衣江、岷江流域鹅观草遗传多样性的溶蛋白分析[J].草业学报,2006,15(4):12-20
[10]史冀伟,高爱农,刘津刚,等.小麦族中间鹅观草不同居群的形态多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(4):547-552
[11]张海琴,凡星,王益,等.纤毛鹅观草与多枝赖草属间杂种的细胞遗传学分析[J].草业学报,2008,17(3):162-165
[12]Kimber G,Alonso L G.The analysis of meiosis in hybrids.Ⅲ.Tetraploid hybrids[J].Can J Genet Cytol,1981,23:235-254
[13]肖海峻,徐柱,李临杭,等.鹅观草表型性状变异与生境间的相关性[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):22-30
[14]卢宝荣,Salomon B.种间杂种染色体配对所揭示的披碱草属植物St Y基因组分化及其进化意义[J].生物多样性,2004,12(2):213-226
[15]Lu B R,Salomon B.Differentiation of the SY genomes in Asiatic Elymus[J].Hereditas,1992,116:121-126
[16]卢宝荣,颜济,杨俊良.分布于日本和中国的鹅观草及其杂种的形态学和细胞学研究[J].云南植物分类,1990,19(3):237-246