基于航空客运流的中国城市空间格局与空间联系
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摘要
基于中国180个地级市的航空客运数据,运用大数据方法、GIS空间分析、社会网络分析等多种研究方法,初步揭示了全国城市网络的空间形态、整体联系和局部联系特征。研究表明:(1)从空间形态看,全国城市网络基本形成以"菱形结构"为核心的全国城市网络结构和以"倒三角结构"为核心的"一带一路"城市网络结构,并呈现出以区域性中心城市为核心的轴辐式网络结构;(2)从整体联系看,全国航空客运联系按距离远近呈右偏态分布,但总体符合距离衰减特征,并呈现以"一带一路"沿线城市为核心的多中心分布结构,"一带一路"城市网络航空联系则主要集中在海上丝绸之路以及丝绸之路经济带东部区域;(3)从局部联系看,我国城市群呈现以长江三角洲城市群为核心的"一超多强"的结构,城市群尺度航空节点城市呈"扇形"核心—边缘结构,且城市群航空网络结构呈现东密西疏的特征,全国尺度航空节点城市则呈"20∶34∶46"的核心—边缘结构。
Based on the data of interactive connection of air passenger transport between 180 prefecture-level cities in China and the research methods of Big-data methods,GIS spatial analysis,and social network analysis,this paper reveals the features of spatial pattern,overall connection and local connection of the urban network in China.The results are presented as follows.1) In terms of spatial pattern,the national city network framework based on the "diamond structure" as its core,and "The Belt and Road" city network structure based on the "inverted triangle structure" as its core,and the hub and spoke network structure with regional central city as its core are discovered.2) The air passenger transport links on the whole subject is in line with the characteristics of spatial distance attenuation in China in terms of overall connection,and shows cities along "The Belt and Road" as the core of the multi-center distribution structure,and the"Belt and Road"urban network aviation links are mainly concentrated on the Maritime Silk Road and the eastern region of the Silk Road Economic Belt.3) In terms of local connection,urban agglomerations in our country present a structure of"Only super Power and Multi-great Power"with the core of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,and the air node city presents a "fan-shaped" core-edge distribution structure on the scale of the urban agglomeration,and the compactness of network structure of urban agglomeration is characterized by decreasing gradually from east to west,moreover,the air node city presents a "20:34:46" core-edge distribution structure on the national scale.
Based on the data of interactive connection of air passenger transport between 180 prefecture-level cities in China and the research methods of Big-data methods,GIS spatial analysis,and social network analysis,this paper reveals the features of spatial pattern,overall connection and local connection of the urban network in China.The results are presented as follows.1) In terms of spatial pattern,the national city network framework based on the "diamond structure" as its core,and "The Belt and Road" city network structure based on the "inverted triangle structure" as its core,and the hub and spoke network structure with regional central city as its core are discovered.2) The air passenger transport links on the whole subject is in line with the characteristics of spatial distance attenuation in China in terms of overall connection,and shows cities along "The Belt and Road" as the core of the multi-center distribution structure,and the"Belt and Road"urban network aviation links are mainly concentrated on the Maritime Silk Road and the eastern region of the Silk Road Economic Belt.3) In terms of local connection,urban agglomerations in our country present a structure of"Only super Power and Multi-great Power"with the core of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,and the air node city presents a "fan-shaped" core-edge distribution structure on the scale of the urban agglomeration,and the compactness of network structure of urban agglomeration is characterized by decreasing gradually from east to west,moreover,the air node city presents a "20:34:46" core-edge distribution structure on the national scale.
引文
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[2]马学广.全球城市区域的空间生产与跨界治理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[3]马学广,李贵才.世界城市网络研究方法论[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(2):255-263.
[4]Taaffe E J.Air transportation and United States urban distribution[J].The Geographical Review,1958,46(2):219-238.
[5]Goetz A R.Air passenger transportation and growth in the US urban system 1950-1987[J].Growth and Change,1992,23(2):218-242.
[6]Murayama Y.Canadian urban system and it's evolution process in terms of air passenger flows[J].Geographical Review of Japan,1982,55(6):380-402.
[7]Rimmer P J.Flow of goods,people and information among cities of Northeast Asia[J].The Korean Journal of Regional Science,1999,15(2):39-74.
[8]Smith D A,Timberlake M F.World City Networks and Hierarchies,1977-1997:An Empirical Analysis of Global Air Travel Links[J].American Behavioral Scientist,2001,44(10):1 656-1 678.
[9]Derudder B,Devriendt L,Witlox F.Flying where you don't want to go:An empirical analysis of hubs in the global airline network[J].Tijdschriftvoor Economische en Sociale Geografie,2007,98(3):307-324.
[10]Derudder B,Witlox F.Mapping world city networks through airline flows:context,relevance,and problems[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2008,16(5):305-312.
[11]Mahutga M C,Ma X,Smith D A,et al.Economic Globalisation and the Structure of the World City System:The Case of Airline Passenger Data[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1 925-1 947.
[12]John T B.“Now everyone can fly”?Scheduled airline services to secondary cities in Southeast Asia[J].Journal of Air Transport Management,2016,53:94-104.
[13]顾朝林.中国城镇体系:历史、现状、展望[M].北京:商务印书馆,1992.
[14]郭文炯,白明英.中国城市航空运输职能等级及航空联系特征的实证研究[J].人文地理,1999,14(1):27-31.
[15]金凤君.我国航空客流网络发展及其地域系统研究[J].地理研究,2001,20(1):31-39.
[16]金凤君,王成金.轴一辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模式构筑[J].地理研究,2005,24(5):774-784.
[17]周一星,胡智勇.从航空运输看中国城市体系的空间网络结构[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):276-286.
[18]于涛方,顾朝林,李志刚.1995年以来中国城市体系格局与演变——基于航空流视角[J].地理研究,2008,27(6):1 407-1 408.
[19]薛俊菲.基于航空网络的中国城市体系等级结构与分布格局[J].地理研究,2008,27(1):23-33.
[20]莫辉辉,金凤君,刘毅,等.机场体系中心性的网络分析方法与实证[J].地理科学,2010,30(2):204-212.
[21]朱惠斌.基于航空客流的中国城市功能网络研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(4):59-63.
[22]王海江,苗长虹.中国航空联系的网络结构与区域差异[J].地理科学,2015,35(10):1 220-1 229.
[23]陈伟,修春亮,柯文前,等.多元交通流视角下的中国城市网络层级特征[J].地理研究,2015,34(11):2 073-2 083.
[24]王姣娥,景悦.中国城市网络等级结构特征及组织模式——基于铁路和航空流的比较[J].地理学报,2017,72(8):1 508-1 519.
[25]王姣娥,王涵,焦敬娟.“一带一路”与中国对外航空运输联系[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(5):554-562.
[26]马学广,李鲁奇.基于铁路客运流的环渤海城市空间联系及其网络结构[J].经济地理,2017,37(5):66-73.
[27]孙阳,姚士谋,张落成.长三角城市群“空间流”层级功能结构——基于高铁客运数据的分析[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(11):1 381-1 387.
[28]方创琳.中国城市群研究取得的重要进展与未来发展方向[J].地理学报,2014,69(8):1 130-1 144.
[29]徐建华,鲁凤,苏方林,等.中国区域经济差异的时空尺度分析[J].地理研究,2005,24(1):57-68.
[30]陈伟劲,马学广,蔡莉丽,等.珠三角城市联系的空间格局特征研究——基于城际客运交通流的分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(4):48-55.
(1)资料来源于中国民用航空局发布的《2016年民航机场生产统计公报》。
[2]马学广.全球城市区域的空间生产与跨界治理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[3]马学广,李贵才.世界城市网络研究方法论[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(2):255-263.
[4]Taaffe E J.Air transportation and United States urban distribution[J].The Geographical Review,1958,46(2):219-238.
[5]Goetz A R.Air passenger transportation and growth in the US urban system 1950-1987[J].Growth and Change,1992,23(2):218-242.
[6]Murayama Y.Canadian urban system and it's evolution process in terms of air passenger flows[J].Geographical Review of Japan,1982,55(6):380-402.
[7]Rimmer P J.Flow of goods,people and information among cities of Northeast Asia[J].The Korean Journal of Regional Science,1999,15(2):39-74.
[8]Smith D A,Timberlake M F.World City Networks and Hierarchies,1977-1997:An Empirical Analysis of Global Air Travel Links[J].American Behavioral Scientist,2001,44(10):1 656-1 678.
[9]Derudder B,Devriendt L,Witlox F.Flying where you don't want to go:An empirical analysis of hubs in the global airline network[J].Tijdschriftvoor Economische en Sociale Geografie,2007,98(3):307-324.
[10]Derudder B,Witlox F.Mapping world city networks through airline flows:context,relevance,and problems[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2008,16(5):305-312.
[11]Mahutga M C,Ma X,Smith D A,et al.Economic Globalisation and the Structure of the World City System:The Case of Airline Passenger Data[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1 925-1 947.
[12]John T B.“Now everyone can fly”?Scheduled airline services to secondary cities in Southeast Asia[J].Journal of Air Transport Management,2016,53:94-104.
[13]顾朝林.中国城镇体系:历史、现状、展望[M].北京:商务印书馆,1992.
[14]郭文炯,白明英.中国城市航空运输职能等级及航空联系特征的实证研究[J].人文地理,1999,14(1):27-31.
[15]金凤君.我国航空客流网络发展及其地域系统研究[J].地理研究,2001,20(1):31-39.
[16]金凤君,王成金.轴一辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模式构筑[J].地理研究,2005,24(5):774-784.
[17]周一星,胡智勇.从航空运输看中国城市体系的空间网络结构[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):276-286.
[18]于涛方,顾朝林,李志刚.1995年以来中国城市体系格局与演变——基于航空流视角[J].地理研究,2008,27(6):1 407-1 408.
[19]薛俊菲.基于航空网络的中国城市体系等级结构与分布格局[J].地理研究,2008,27(1):23-33.
[20]莫辉辉,金凤君,刘毅,等.机场体系中心性的网络分析方法与实证[J].地理科学,2010,30(2):204-212.
[21]朱惠斌.基于航空客流的中国城市功能网络研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(4):59-63.
[22]王海江,苗长虹.中国航空联系的网络结构与区域差异[J].地理科学,2015,35(10):1 220-1 229.
[23]陈伟,修春亮,柯文前,等.多元交通流视角下的中国城市网络层级特征[J].地理研究,2015,34(11):2 073-2 083.
[24]王姣娥,景悦.中国城市网络等级结构特征及组织模式——基于铁路和航空流的比较[J].地理学报,2017,72(8):1 508-1 519.
[25]王姣娥,王涵,焦敬娟.“一带一路”与中国对外航空运输联系[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(5):554-562.
[26]马学广,李鲁奇.基于铁路客运流的环渤海城市空间联系及其网络结构[J].经济地理,2017,37(5):66-73.
[27]孙阳,姚士谋,张落成.长三角城市群“空间流”层级功能结构——基于高铁客运数据的分析[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(11):1 381-1 387.
[28]方创琳.中国城市群研究取得的重要进展与未来发展方向[J].地理学报,2014,69(8):1 130-1 144.
[29]徐建华,鲁凤,苏方林,等.中国区域经济差异的时空尺度分析[J].地理研究,2005,24(1):57-68.
[30]陈伟劲,马学广,蔡莉丽,等.珠三角城市联系的空间格局特征研究——基于城际客运交通流的分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(4):48-55.
(1)资料来源于中国民用航空局发布的《2016年民航机场生产统计公报》。