10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂的研制及其对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果
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摘要
【目的】获得对多主棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola)抑菌活性高的杀菌剂乙霉威和腐霉利的最佳混配比例,将其加工成微粉剂并确定其对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法,测定乙霉威与腐霉利不同配比混合物对多主棒孢的毒力,以Wadley公式评价其协同作用,明确最佳增效组合;通过单因素试验、正交试验筛选载体、助剂及最优配比,确定其最佳配方后,利用气流粉碎机超微粉碎加工成微粉剂,测定其对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果。【结果】乙霉威与腐霉利以质量比1﹕1、1﹕4进行混配时,对多主棒孢菌株HG09112606、FQ07091401、HG11011509均表现为毒力增效作用,增效系数分别为3.19、2.53、1.68;1.99、1.77、1.98,其中1﹕1的混配组合增效作用较为明显。以质量分数为10%的乙霉威·腐霉利为有效成分,3%的萘磺酸钠盐甲醛缩合物NNO为分散剂,3%的十二烷基硫酸钠K12为表面活性剂,1%的聚氧乙烯烷基醚为稳定剂,15%的白炭黑和补足至100%的硅藻土为载体而研制的10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂粒径为6.18μm,分散指数95.18%,浮游性指数86.26,含水率1.24%,坡度角67°,热贮分解率4.12%,各项检测结果均符合标准。在盆栽试验中,10%乙霉威?腐霉利微粉剂在用药量为100 g a.i./hm~2时喷粉对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果为89.82%,显著高于对照药剂35%苯甲·咪鲜胺水乳剂、43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂在推荐用量时喷雾的防治效果;在田间试验中,10%乙霉威·腐霉利微粉剂在用量为100 g a.i./hm~2时喷粉对黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果为84.39%,与35%苯甲·咪鲜胺水乳剂在用量为300 g a.i./hm~2、43%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂在用量为90 g a.i./hm~2时的喷雾防治效果无显著性差异。【结论】乙霉威和腐霉利混配使用对多主棒孢具有不同程度的毒力增效作用;按照选定的配方加工成的10%乙霉威?腐霉利微粉剂粒径小,分散指数、浮游性指数高,贮存稳定,在黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治方面具有广阔的应用前景。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to obtain the optimal mixing ratio of diethofencarb and procymidone,which had high inhibitory activity against Corynespora cassiicola, the micropowder was prepared and its control efficacy on cucumber leaf spot was determined in the field. 【Method】 The inhibitory activity of the mixtures at different mixing ratios to C.cassiicola was determined by mycelial growth rate method. The synergistic effect was evaluated according to the Wadley formula and the best synergism combination was defined. Through single factor test, orthogonal test, the carrier, additives and optimal ratio were screened, the best formula was determined and then micropowder was processed by using air jet mill. The control efficacy of micropowder on cucumber leaf spot was determined. 【Result】 When the mass ratio of diethofencarb and procymidone was 1﹕1 and 1﹕4, the virulence synergistic effect against C. cassiicola strains HG09112606, FQ07091401 and HG11011509 was observed,with the synergistic ratios of 3.19, 2.53, 1.68; 1.99, 1.77, 1.98, respectively. Among which, the ratio of 1﹕1 had a significant synergistic effect. Active ingredient diethofencarb and procymidone account for 10%, dispersant NNO accounts for 3%, surfactant K12 accounts for 3%, stabilizer polyoxyethylene alkyl ether accounts for 1%, carrier carbon-white is 15% and diatomite make up to100%. The results showed that the above formulation had excellent characteristics, and the particle size is 6.18 μm, the dispersion index is 95.18%, the planktonic index is 86.26, the water content is 1.24%, the slope angle is 67°, and the thermal storage decomposition rate is 4.12%. All above test results are in accordance with standard. In the pot experiment, the control efficacy of 10% diethofencarb and procymidone micropowder on the cucumber leaf spot by powder injection method was 89.82% when the dosage was 100 g a.i./hm~2, which was significantly higher than that of the control agent 35% difenoconazole·prochloraz emulsion in water(EW) and 43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin suspension concentrate(SC) agent spray at the recommended dosage. In the field test,the control efficacy of 10% diethofencarb and procymidone micropowder on the cucumber leaf spot by powder injection method was 84.39% when the dosage was 100 g a.i./hm~2, which had no significant difference with that of spray with 35% difenoconazole·prochloraz EW in the amount of 300 g a.i./hm~2, 43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin SC in the amount of 90 g a.i./hm~2. 【Conclusion】Diethofencarb and procymidone used in combinations had different degrees of synergistic interaction against cucumber Corynespora leaf spot. The10% diethofencarb·procymidone micropowder prepared according to the selected formula has the advantages of small particle size,high dispersion index and planktonic index, and storage stability. It has a broad application prospect in the control of cucumber Corynespora leaf spot.
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to obtain the optimal mixing ratio of diethofencarb and procymidone,which had high inhibitory activity against Corynespora cassiicola, the micropowder was prepared and its control efficacy on cucumber leaf spot was determined in the field. 【Method】 The inhibitory activity of the mixtures at different mixing ratios to C.cassiicola was determined by mycelial growth rate method. The synergistic effect was evaluated according to the Wadley formula and the best synergism combination was defined. Through single factor test, orthogonal test, the carrier, additives and optimal ratio were screened, the best formula was determined and then micropowder was processed by using air jet mill. The control efficacy of micropowder on cucumber leaf spot was determined. 【Result】 When the mass ratio of diethofencarb and procymidone was 1﹕1 and 1﹕4, the virulence synergistic effect against C. cassiicola strains HG09112606, FQ07091401 and HG11011509 was observed,with the synergistic ratios of 3.19, 2.53, 1.68; 1.99, 1.77, 1.98, respectively. Among which, the ratio of 1﹕1 had a significant synergistic effect. Active ingredient diethofencarb and procymidone account for 10%, dispersant NNO accounts for 3%, surfactant K12 accounts for 3%, stabilizer polyoxyethylene alkyl ether accounts for 1%, carrier carbon-white is 15% and diatomite make up to100%. The results showed that the above formulation had excellent characteristics, and the particle size is 6.18 μm, the dispersion index is 95.18%, the planktonic index is 86.26, the water content is 1.24%, the slope angle is 67°, and the thermal storage decomposition rate is 4.12%. All above test results are in accordance with standard. In the pot experiment, the control efficacy of 10% diethofencarb and procymidone micropowder on the cucumber leaf spot by powder injection method was 89.82% when the dosage was 100 g a.i./hm~2, which was significantly higher than that of the control agent 35% difenoconazole·prochloraz emulsion in water(EW) and 43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin suspension concentrate(SC) agent spray at the recommended dosage. In the field test,the control efficacy of 10% diethofencarb and procymidone micropowder on the cucumber leaf spot by powder injection method was 84.39% when the dosage was 100 g a.i./hm~2, which had no significant difference with that of spray with 35% difenoconazole·prochloraz EW in the amount of 300 g a.i./hm~2, 43% fluopyram·trifloxystrobin SC in the amount of 90 g a.i./hm~2. 【Conclusion】Diethofencarb and procymidone used in combinations had different degrees of synergistic interaction against cucumber Corynespora leaf spot. The10% diethofencarb·procymidone micropowder prepared according to the selected formula has the advantages of small particle size,high dispersion index and planktonic index, and storage stability. It has a broad application prospect in the control of cucumber Corynespora leaf spot.
引文
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