多连杆麦弗逊悬架运动分析与参数优化
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摘要
为了便于多连杆麦弗逊悬架的运动学分析和前轮定位参数优化设计,基于瞬时螺旋轴法建立了多连杆麦弗逊悬架运动学分析模型,提出了其前轮定位参数的计算方法。利用ADAMS/Car进行了悬架运动学仿真验证。结果表明,该分析模型和计算方法是可靠的。在此基础上,采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法,以部分悬架硬点坐标为设计变量,前轮定位参数随车轮跳动和转向运动的变化量最小为优化目标,对具有该类型悬架的某轮毂电机电动车悬架进行多目标优化设计。优化后的大部分定位参数符合设计要求,悬架运动学特性得到了改善。
In order to facilitate the kinematics analysis and optimization of the front wheel alignment parameters for Multi-link McPherson suspension,its kinematics analysis model is established based on the instant screw axis method,and the calculation method of the front wheel alignment parameters is proposed.It shows that the analysis model and calculation method are reliable verified by the ADAMS/Car suspension kinematics simulation.On this basis,taking partial suspension hard-point coordinates as the design variables and the minimum variation of the front wheel alignment parameters with the wheel beating and steering motions as the optimal target,multiobjective optimization of a certain hub motor electric vehicle suspension which has this type of suspension are carried out by NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm.Most of the front wheel alignment parameters optimized meet the design requirements and the suspension kinematics performance improved.
In order to facilitate the kinematics analysis and optimization of the front wheel alignment parameters for Multi-link McPherson suspension,its kinematics analysis model is established based on the instant screw axis method,and the calculation method of the front wheel alignment parameters is proposed.It shows that the analysis model and calculation method are reliable verified by the ADAMS/Car suspension kinematics simulation.On this basis,taking partial suspension hard-point coordinates as the design variables and the minimum variation of the front wheel alignment parameters with the wheel beating and steering motions as the optimal target,multiobjective optimization of a certain hub motor electric vehicle suspension which has this type of suspension are carried out by NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm.Most of the front wheel alignment parameters optimized meet the design requirements and the suspension kinematics performance improved.
引文
[1]王望予.汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004 Wang W Y.Automotive design[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2004(in Chinese)
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[3]陈龙,董红亮,李利明.适合轮毂电机驱动的新型悬架系统设计[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(8):174-180 Chen L,Dong H L,Li L M.A new type suspension design suitable for an in-wheel motor driving system[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(8):174-180(in Chinese)
[4]史天泽.轮毂电机驱动电动车悬架和转向系统设计与性能匹配[D].长春:吉林大学,2015 Shi T Z.Suspension and steering system design and performance matching for in-wheel motor electric vehicle[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015(in Chinese)
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[6]Knapczyk J,Dzierzek S.Displacement and force analysis of five-rod suspension with flexible joints[J].Journal of Mechanical Design,1995,117(4):532-538
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[8]Unkoo L,Byeongeui A.A method to analyze "the imaginary kingpin axis" in multi-link type suspension systems[C]//International Congress&Exposition.SAE,1993:930262
[9]宋健,石磊.多连杆式前悬架主销轴线的确定[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(6):99-102 Song J,Shi L.Analysis of kingpin axis of multi-link front suspension[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2001,18(6):99-102(in Chinese)
[10]祁宏钟,雷雨成,沈浩.确定五连杆悬架虚主销轴线的近似数值方法[J].机械设计与制造,2002,(1):57-58 Qi H Z,Lei Y C,Shen H.An approximate method to analyze the imaginary kingpin axis in five-link suspension systems[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2002,(1):57-58(in Chinese)
[11]吕振华,徐建国.五连杆悬架的刚体运动学和弹性运动学分析[J].汽车技术,2002,(11):10-14 Lü Z H,Xu J G.Rigid body kinematics and elastic kinematics of the five-link suspension[J].Automobile Technology,2002,(11):10-14(in Chinese)
[12]奉铜明,钟志华,闫晓磊,等.基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的多连杆悬架多目标优化[J].汽车工程,2010,32(12):1063-1066 Feng T M,Zhong Z H,Yan X L,et al.Multi-objective optimization for multi-link suspension based on NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm[J].Automotive Engineering,2010,32(12):1063-1066(in Chinese)
[13]陈军.MSC.ADAMS技术与工程分析实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008 Chen J.MSC.ADAMS technical and engineering analysis examples[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2008(in Chinese)
[14]《汽车工程手册》编辑委员会.汽车工程手册:设计篇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001《Automotive Engineering Manual》Editorial Board.Automotive engineering manual:design[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2001(in Chinese)
[15]Deb K,Agrawal S,Pratap A,et al.A fast elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization:NSGA-II[C]//Proceedingd of 2000 International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2000,1917:849-858
[16]赵书兰.MATLAB编程与最优化设计应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2013 Zhao S L.Optimization design and application of MATLAB[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013(in Chinese)
[2]黄志平.基于ADAMS的五连杆悬架性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009 Huang Z P.Performance research of five-link based on ADAMS[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009(in Chinese)
[3]陈龙,董红亮,李利明.适合轮毂电机驱动的新型悬架系统设计[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(8):174-180 Chen L,Dong H L,Li L M.A new type suspension design suitable for an in-wheel motor driving system[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(8):174-180(in Chinese)
[4]史天泽.轮毂电机驱动电动车悬架和转向系统设计与性能匹配[D].长春:吉林大学,2015 Shi T Z.Suspension and steering system design and performance matching for in-wheel motor electric vehicle[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015(in Chinese)
[5]Lee D M A,Pascoe D M,Elmaraghy W H.An analysis of the multi-link independent suspension systems[J].International Journal of Vehicle Design,1993,14(1):44-58
[6]Knapczyk J,Dzierzek S.Displacement and force analysis of five-rod suspension with flexible joints[J].Journal of Mechanical Design,1995,117(4):532-538
[7]Mohamed M G,Attia H A.Numerical kinematic analysis of the motor-vehicle multilink suspension system[C]//ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences,1995:883-889
[8]Unkoo L,Byeongeui A.A method to analyze "the imaginary kingpin axis" in multi-link type suspension systems[C]//International Congress&Exposition.SAE,1993:930262
[9]宋健,石磊.多连杆式前悬架主销轴线的确定[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(6):99-102 Song J,Shi L.Analysis of kingpin axis of multi-link front suspension[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2001,18(6):99-102(in Chinese)
[10]祁宏钟,雷雨成,沈浩.确定五连杆悬架虚主销轴线的近似数值方法[J].机械设计与制造,2002,(1):57-58 Qi H Z,Lei Y C,Shen H.An approximate method to analyze the imaginary kingpin axis in five-link suspension systems[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2002,(1):57-58(in Chinese)
[11]吕振华,徐建国.五连杆悬架的刚体运动学和弹性运动学分析[J].汽车技术,2002,(11):10-14 Lü Z H,Xu J G.Rigid body kinematics and elastic kinematics of the five-link suspension[J].Automobile Technology,2002,(11):10-14(in Chinese)
[12]奉铜明,钟志华,闫晓磊,等.基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的多连杆悬架多目标优化[J].汽车工程,2010,32(12):1063-1066 Feng T M,Zhong Z H,Yan X L,et al.Multi-objective optimization for multi-link suspension based on NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm[J].Automotive Engineering,2010,32(12):1063-1066(in Chinese)
[13]陈军.MSC.ADAMS技术与工程分析实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008 Chen J.MSC.ADAMS technical and engineering analysis examples[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2008(in Chinese)
[14]《汽车工程手册》编辑委员会.汽车工程手册:设计篇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001《Automotive Engineering Manual》Editorial Board.Automotive engineering manual:design[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2001(in Chinese)
[15]Deb K,Agrawal S,Pratap A,et al.A fast elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization:NSGA-II[C]//Proceedingd of 2000 International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2000,1917:849-858
[16]赵书兰.MATLAB编程与最优化设计应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2013 Zhao S L.Optimization design and application of MATLAB[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013(in Chinese)