日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对育肥绵羊生长性能及瘤胃发酵特性的影响
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摘要
文章旨在探讨日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对育肥绵羊生长性能及瘤胃发酵特性的影响,为研究通过日粮调控手段提高绵羊肉中功能性脂肪酸的含量提供理论依据。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选用40只体重为30 kg±5 kg、生理状态相似的杂交公羊(小尾寒羊×蒙古羊)随机分为4组,每组10只。各组绵羊分别喂以含有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽,其中对照组采用基础日粮(不含油籽),以豆粕和棉粕代替油籽,试验组分别饲喂含10%油菜籽、10%葵花籽、10%胡麻籽的日粮。预饲期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组采食量及日增重均略有下降,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);不同油籽对瘤胃p H值影响差异显著(P<0.05),其中胡麻籽组p H值最高,油菜籽组最低;各处理组瘤胃液中氨态氮以及菌体蛋白含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。说明在育肥绵羊日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽可以作为调控绵羊肉中功能性脂肪酸组成的方法。
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of oilseeds with different fatty acid profiles on the growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics in fattening sheep so as to further researche on the modification of fatty acid composition in mutton. Forty crossbreed ram(Small-tail Han sheep ×Mongolian sheep) in similar body weights(30 kg±5 kg) and birth dates were used in a completely randomized design. The experiment had four treatments with 10 animals each. Animals in different groups were fed diets with different fatty acid profiles. Animals in the first group were fed the control diet with no oilseeds, but soybean and cottonseed meal in stead; animals in the treatment groups were fed diets which substitute soybean and cottonseed meal with 10% of canola seeds, sunflower seeds, and flaxseeds, respectively. The animals were allowed 10 days to adapt to the diets and data were collected in the following 35 days. The results showed that there was no difference in growth performance(P>0.05). Compared to animals in control diet,animals receiving treatment diets were lower in average daily gain(ADG) and dry matter intake(DMI), but no significant differences(P >0.05). Rumen p H was significantly higher in animals fed flaxseed than those in animals fed canola and control diet. Rumen concentrations of NH3-N and BCP were not significantly influenced by the treatments(P>0.05).Results from this experiment suggested that further modification of fatty acid profiles to produce functional mutton would be possible by oilseed supplementation.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of oilseeds with different fatty acid profiles on the growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics in fattening sheep so as to further researche on the modification of fatty acid composition in mutton. Forty crossbreed ram(Small-tail Han sheep ×Mongolian sheep) in similar body weights(30 kg±5 kg) and birth dates were used in a completely randomized design. The experiment had four treatments with 10 animals each. Animals in different groups were fed diets with different fatty acid profiles. Animals in the first group were fed the control diet with no oilseeds, but soybean and cottonseed meal in stead; animals in the treatment groups were fed diets which substitute soybean and cottonseed meal with 10% of canola seeds, sunflower seeds, and flaxseeds, respectively. The animals were allowed 10 days to adapt to the diets and data were collected in the following 35 days. The results showed that there was no difference in growth performance(P>0.05). Compared to animals in control diet,animals receiving treatment diets were lower in average daily gain(ADG) and dry matter intake(DMI), but no significant differences(P >0.05). Rumen p H was significantly higher in animals fed flaxseed than those in animals fed canola and control diet. Rumen concentrations of NH3-N and BCP were not significantly influenced by the treatments(P>0.05).Results from this experiment suggested that further modification of fatty acid profiles to produce functional mutton would be possible by oilseed supplementation.
引文
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[4]Begoa Ruiz-Núez,D A Janneke Dijck-Brouwer,Frits A J Muskiet.The relation of saturated fatty acids with low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2016,36:1-20.
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[9]Mozaffarian D,Micha R,Wallace S.Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Plo S Med,2010,7:e1000252.
[10]Gillis M H,Duckett S K,Sackmann J R.Effects of supplemental rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid or corn oil on fatty acid composition of adipose tissues in beef cattle[J].J Anim Sci,2004,82:1419-1427.
[11]Cook M E,D Butz,G Li,et al.Conjugated linoleic acid enhances immune responses but protects against the collateral damage of immune events[M]//J Sebedio,W W Christie,R Adolf.In Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research:Vol.2.AOCS Press,Champaign,IL,2003:283-291.
[12]董煚,李晓蓉.四种油料作物中脂肪酸的测定[J].甘肃科技,2010(22):171-176.
[13]Jenkins T C,Wallace R J.Moate P J.et al.Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86:397-412.
[14]屯妮萨·麦提赛伊迪,阿里娅古丽·依布热依木,阿依沙依拉,等.碱性次氯酸钠-苯酚分光光度法测定甲醇处理的瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度[J].新疆农业科学,2012(3):565-570.
[15]宋晓伟,康健,林滢.改良的考马斯亮兰G-250染色法简便快速测定微量蛋白浓度[J].洛阳医专学报,1997(3):150-152.
[16]刘哲,韩学平,张利平,等.整粒油籽对舍饲成年母羊肉品质和生产性能的影响[J].草业科学,2007(6):62-66.
[17]Ivan M,Mir P S,Mir Z,et al.Effects of dietary sun-flower seeds on rumen protozoa and growth of lambs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2004,92:303-310.
[18]张杰杰,赵红波,游伟,等.饲粮油菜籽添加水平对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014(11):2233-2241.
[19]Klusmeyer T H,Clark J H.Effects of dietary fat and protein on fatty acid flow to the duodenum and in milk produced by dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(9):3055-3067.
[20]Bickerstaffe R,Noakes D E,Annison E F.Quantitative aspects of fatty acid biohydrogenation,absorption and transfer of milk fat in the lactating goat,with special reference to the cis-and trans-isomers of octadecenoate and linoleate[J].Biochemical Journal,1972,130(2):607-617.
[21]Mattos W,Palmquist D L.Biohydrogenation and availability of linoleic acid in lactating cows[J].Journal of Nutrition,1977,107(9):1755-1761.
[22]敖力格日玛,双金,黎明,等.亚麻籽对肉羊瘤胃液p H、纤毛虫数量和养分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014(5):1203-1213.
[23]龟高正夫,堀口雅昭,石桥晃,等.基础家畜饲养学[M].2版.东京:养贤堂,1987:78.
[24]Murphy J J,Kennelly J J.Effect of protein concentrate and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70:1841-1849.
[25]Hristov A N,Mc Allister T A.Effect of inoculants on whole-crop barley silage fermentation and dry matter disappearance in situ[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80:510-516.
[26]尹福泉,嘎尔迪,刘瑞芳,等.不同脂肪源日粮对奶牛瘤胃代谢及生产性能的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2008(3):136-139.
[27]嘎尔迪,尹福泉,刘瑞芳,等.日粮中添加不同油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃内环境及养分表观消化率的影响[C]//全国养牛科学研讨会暨中国畜牧兽医学会养牛学分会第六届会员代表大会论文集.2005:9.
[28]金玉.日粮中添加不同的油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃内p H值及NH3-N浓度动态变化的影响[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2010(7):48-51.
[29]赵发盛,赵军,林英庭,等.添加保护性脂肪或豆油对奶牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白浓度的影响[J].中国饲料,2008(12):19-21.
[2]Bargo F,Delahoy J E,Schroeder G F,et al.Muller.Milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances and supplemented with different levels and sources of concentrate[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2006,125:17-31.
[3]Tsiplakou E,Kominakis A,Zervas G.The interaction between breed and diet on CLA and fatty acids content of milk fat of four sheep breeds kept indoors or at grass[J].Small Ruminant Research,2008,74:179-187.
[4]Begoa Ruiz-Núez,D A Janneke Dijck-Brouwer,Frits A J Muskiet.The relation of saturated fatty acids with low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2016,36:1-20.
[5]Vasanti S Malik,Stephanie E Chiuve,Hannia campos,et al.Circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident coronary heart disease in US men and women[J].Circulation,2015,132:260-268.
[6]陈银基,鞠兴荣,周光宏.饱和脂肪酸分类与生理功能[J].中国油脂,2008(3):35-39.
[7]Begoa Ruiz-Núez,Janneke Dijck-Brouwer D A,Frits A J.The relation of saturated fatty acids with low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2016,36:1-20.
[8]Jakobsen M U,O’Reilly E J,Heitmann B L,et al.Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease:a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2009,89:1425-1432.
[9]Mozaffarian D,Micha R,Wallace S.Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Plo S Med,2010,7:e1000252.
[10]Gillis M H,Duckett S K,Sackmann J R.Effects of supplemental rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid or corn oil on fatty acid composition of adipose tissues in beef cattle[J].J Anim Sci,2004,82:1419-1427.
[11]Cook M E,D Butz,G Li,et al.Conjugated linoleic acid enhances immune responses but protects against the collateral damage of immune events[M]//J Sebedio,W W Christie,R Adolf.In Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research:Vol.2.AOCS Press,Champaign,IL,2003:283-291.
[12]董煚,李晓蓉.四种油料作物中脂肪酸的测定[J].甘肃科技,2010(22):171-176.
[13]Jenkins T C,Wallace R J.Moate P J.et al.Recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86:397-412.
[14]屯妮萨·麦提赛伊迪,阿里娅古丽·依布热依木,阿依沙依拉,等.碱性次氯酸钠-苯酚分光光度法测定甲醇处理的瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度[J].新疆农业科学,2012(3):565-570.
[15]宋晓伟,康健,林滢.改良的考马斯亮兰G-250染色法简便快速测定微量蛋白浓度[J].洛阳医专学报,1997(3):150-152.
[16]刘哲,韩学平,张利平,等.整粒油籽对舍饲成年母羊肉品质和生产性能的影响[J].草业科学,2007(6):62-66.
[17]Ivan M,Mir P S,Mir Z,et al.Effects of dietary sun-flower seeds on rumen protozoa and growth of lambs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2004,92:303-310.
[18]张杰杰,赵红波,游伟,等.饲粮油菜籽添加水平对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014(11):2233-2241.
[19]Klusmeyer T H,Clark J H.Effects of dietary fat and protein on fatty acid flow to the duodenum and in milk produced by dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(9):3055-3067.
[20]Bickerstaffe R,Noakes D E,Annison E F.Quantitative aspects of fatty acid biohydrogenation,absorption and transfer of milk fat in the lactating goat,with special reference to the cis-and trans-isomers of octadecenoate and linoleate[J].Biochemical Journal,1972,130(2):607-617.
[21]Mattos W,Palmquist D L.Biohydrogenation and availability of linoleic acid in lactating cows[J].Journal of Nutrition,1977,107(9):1755-1761.
[22]敖力格日玛,双金,黎明,等.亚麻籽对肉羊瘤胃液p H、纤毛虫数量和养分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014(5):1203-1213.
[23]龟高正夫,堀口雅昭,石桥晃,等.基础家畜饲养学[M].2版.东京:养贤堂,1987:78.
[24]Murphy J J,Kennelly J J.Effect of protein concentrate and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70:1841-1849.
[25]Hristov A N,Mc Allister T A.Effect of inoculants on whole-crop barley silage fermentation and dry matter disappearance in situ[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80:510-516.
[26]尹福泉,嘎尔迪,刘瑞芳,等.不同脂肪源日粮对奶牛瘤胃代谢及生产性能的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2008(3):136-139.
[27]嘎尔迪,尹福泉,刘瑞芳,等.日粮中添加不同油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃内环境及养分表观消化率的影响[C]//全国养牛科学研讨会暨中国畜牧兽医学会养牛学分会第六届会员代表大会论文集.2005:9.
[28]金玉.日粮中添加不同的油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃内p H值及NH3-N浓度动态变化的影响[J].当代畜禽养殖业,2010(7):48-51.
[29]赵发盛,赵军,林英庭,等.添加保护性脂肪或豆油对奶牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白浓度的影响[J].中国饲料,2008(12):19-21.