黄丘区坡面细沟流速分布特征试验研究
|
摘要
利用坡面水蚀精细模拟降雨试验,对黄丘区陡坡(20°)条件下细沟流速分布特征进行了研究。通过对细沟形态演变过程的观察与分析,同时结合试验中对细沟间及细沟内流速的观测,给出了细沟发育过程中坡面流速沿程分布以及细沟内关键位置的流速分布。结果表明,细沟间流速分布基本不受细沟发育程度的影响,而细沟内水流流速与细沟发育过程之间存在互馈关系,首先坡面漫流向集中股流的转化促使细沟发育,会导致细沟内流速的增加,但随着细沟的进一步发展,汇流面积减小,沟床形态阻力及沟底跌坎消能作用增大,细沟流速又会逐渐减小,沟床形态阻力与径流集中产生的流速增量二者间的相互对比关系影响着细沟内水流速度。
The flow velocity distribution under the condition of steep slope(20°) is studied by using themethod of indoor fine simulated rainfall experiment. Through the observation and analysis of the rill morphol-ogy evolution and the overland flow velocity during the experiment,the variation rule of the flow velocityduring the rill formation and development was studied. The results show that the overland flow velocity be-tween the rills is not affected by the degree of rill development,but there is a relationship between theflow velocity within the rill and the rill development. First,the emergence of the rill will lead to an in-crease of runoff in the rill,but with the rill development,the confluence area decreases,the rill bed mor-phological resistance increases,resulting in the gradual decrease of the rill flow velocity. The reciprocal con-trast between the rill bed morphological resistance and the flow velocity increment caused by runoff concen-tration affects the flow velocity in the rill.
The flow velocity distribution under the condition of steep slope(20°) is studied by using themethod of indoor fine simulated rainfall experiment. Through the observation and analysis of the rill morphol-ogy evolution and the overland flow velocity during the experiment,the variation rule of the flow velocityduring the rill formation and development was studied. The results show that the overland flow velocity be-tween the rills is not affected by the degree of rill development,but there is a relationship between theflow velocity within the rill and the rill development. First,the emergence of the rill will lead to an in-crease of runoff in the rill,but with the rill development,the confluence area decreases,the rill bed mor-phological resistance increases,resulting in the gradual decrease of the rill flow velocity. The reciprocal con-trast between the rill bed morphological resistance and the flow velocity increment caused by runoff concen-tration affects the flow velocity in the rill.
引文
[1]HORTON R E.Erosional development of streams and drainage basins:hydro-physical approach to quantitative morphology[J].Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1945,56:275-370.
[2]牛耀彬,高照良,李永红,等.工程堆积体坡面细沟形态发育及其与产流产沙量的关系[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):154-161.
[3]张攀,唐洪武,姚文艺,等.细沟形态演变对坡面水沙过程的影响[J].水科学进展,2016,27(4):535-541.
[4]BRUNTON D A,BRYAN R B.Rill network development and sediment budgets[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2000,25:783-800.
[5]GOVINDARAJU R S,KAVVAS M L.A spectral approach for analyzing the rill structure over hillslopes.Part 2.Application[J].Journal of Hydrology,1994,158:349-362.
[6]OWOPUTI L O,STOLTE W J.Soil detachment in the physically based soil erosion process:a review[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1995,38:1099-1110.
[7]郑粉莉,康绍忠.黄土坡面不同侵蚀带侵蚀产沙关系及其机理[J].地理学报,1998,53(5):422-428.
[8]陈力,刘青泉,李家春.坡面细沟侵蚀的冲刷试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2005,20(6):761-766.
[9]夏卫生,雷廷武,刘春平,等.降雨条件下坡面薄层水流速度特征[J].水利学报,2004(11):119-123.
[10]肖培青,郑粉莉,汪晓勇,等.黄土坡面侵蚀方式演变与侵蚀产沙过程试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):24-27.
[11]和继军,吕烨,宫辉力,等.细沟侵蚀特征及其产流产沙过程试验研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(4):398-405.
[12]姚文艺,肖培青,申震洲,等.坡面产流过程及产沙临界对立地条件的响应关系[J].水利学报,2011,42(12):1438-1444.
[13]雷廷武,NEARING M A.侵蚀细沟水力学特性及细沟侵蚀与形态特征的试验研究[J].水利学报,2000(11):49-54.
[14]李占斌,秦百顺,亢伟,等.陡坡面发育的细沟水动力学特性室内试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):64-68.
[15]郑粉莉,唐克丽,周佩华.坡耕地细沟侵蚀的发生、发展和防洽途径的探讨[J].水土保持学报,1987,1(1):36-48.
[16]GIMENEZ R,GOVERS G.Interaction between bed roughness and flow hydraulics in eroding rills[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(3),791-799.
[17]张攀,姚文艺,唐洪武,等.模拟降雨条件下坡面细沟形态演变与量化方法[J].水科学进展,2014,26(1):51-58.
[18]ZHANG P,TANG H W,YAO W Y,et al.Experimental investigation of morphological characteristics of rill evolution on loess slope[J].Catena,2016(137):1131-1134.
[2]牛耀彬,高照良,李永红,等.工程堆积体坡面细沟形态发育及其与产流产沙量的关系[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):154-161.
[3]张攀,唐洪武,姚文艺,等.细沟形态演变对坡面水沙过程的影响[J].水科学进展,2016,27(4):535-541.
[4]BRUNTON D A,BRYAN R B.Rill network development and sediment budgets[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2000,25:783-800.
[5]GOVINDARAJU R S,KAVVAS M L.A spectral approach for analyzing the rill structure over hillslopes.Part 2.Application[J].Journal of Hydrology,1994,158:349-362.
[6]OWOPUTI L O,STOLTE W J.Soil detachment in the physically based soil erosion process:a review[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1995,38:1099-1110.
[7]郑粉莉,康绍忠.黄土坡面不同侵蚀带侵蚀产沙关系及其机理[J].地理学报,1998,53(5):422-428.
[8]陈力,刘青泉,李家春.坡面细沟侵蚀的冲刷试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2005,20(6):761-766.
[9]夏卫生,雷廷武,刘春平,等.降雨条件下坡面薄层水流速度特征[J].水利学报,2004(11):119-123.
[10]肖培青,郑粉莉,汪晓勇,等.黄土坡面侵蚀方式演变与侵蚀产沙过程试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):24-27.
[11]和继军,吕烨,宫辉力,等.细沟侵蚀特征及其产流产沙过程试验研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(4):398-405.
[12]姚文艺,肖培青,申震洲,等.坡面产流过程及产沙临界对立地条件的响应关系[J].水利学报,2011,42(12):1438-1444.
[13]雷廷武,NEARING M A.侵蚀细沟水力学特性及细沟侵蚀与形态特征的试验研究[J].水利学报,2000(11):49-54.
[14]李占斌,秦百顺,亢伟,等.陡坡面发育的细沟水动力学特性室内试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):64-68.
[15]郑粉莉,唐克丽,周佩华.坡耕地细沟侵蚀的发生、发展和防洽途径的探讨[J].水土保持学报,1987,1(1):36-48.
[16]GIMENEZ R,GOVERS G.Interaction between bed roughness and flow hydraulics in eroding rills[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(3),791-799.
[17]张攀,姚文艺,唐洪武,等.模拟降雨条件下坡面细沟形态演变与量化方法[J].水科学进展,2014,26(1):51-58.
[18]ZHANG P,TANG H W,YAO W Y,et al.Experimental investigation of morphological characteristics of rill evolution on loess slope[J].Catena,2016(137):1131-1134.