6005A复杂截面铝合金车体型材挤压过程数值模拟与组织性能研究
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摘要
以复杂截面的6005A铝合金车体挤压型材为研究对象,利用Hyperxtrude有限元软件对挤压过程进行模拟,分析了挤压变形过程中的温度场、速度场及形变场分布。在75 MN挤压机上对铝合金型材进行挤压成形,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察和硬度实验,研究了挤压过程中铝合金型材的组织及性能的变化,并与模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:由于挤压型材尺寸比较复杂,同一截面上温度、速度和变形量的分布差别较大,对应温度高、速度快及形变量大的部位,其组织细小且第二相数量较多,硬度高;由于型材挤压过程中会产生明显的热效应,导致型材尾部的温度高于型材头部的温度,且型材尾部组织更加均匀,第二相分布更弥散,硬度值更高。
For aluminum alloy 6005 A car body extrusion profile with complex section,the extrusion process was simulated by Hyperxtrude software,and the distributions of temperature field,velocity field and deformation field during the extrusion process were analyzed. Then,the aluminum alloy profile was extruded in the extruding machine of 75 MN,and the microstructures and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy profile were investigated by optical microscopy( OM),scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and hardness test. Furthermore,the microstructures and properties of aluminum alloy profiles during extrusion process were studied,and the simulation results were compared. The results show that for the complex section dimension of extrusion profile,the distributions of temperature,velocity and deformation in the same section are quite different. Corresponding to the position with higher temperature,faster velocity and large deformation,the finer grain with more second phase and higher hardness were obtained. Due to the significant thermal effect during the extrusion process,the temperature of profile tail is higher than that of the profile head,resulting in a more uniform microstructure,more dispersing second phase and higher hardness of aluminum alloy profile tail.
For aluminum alloy 6005 A car body extrusion profile with complex section,the extrusion process was simulated by Hyperxtrude software,and the distributions of temperature field,velocity field and deformation field during the extrusion process were analyzed. Then,the aluminum alloy profile was extruded in the extruding machine of 75 MN,and the microstructures and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy profile were investigated by optical microscopy( OM),scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and hardness test. Furthermore,the microstructures and properties of aluminum alloy profiles during extrusion process were studied,and the simulation results were compared. The results show that for the complex section dimension of extrusion profile,the distributions of temperature,velocity and deformation in the same section are quite different. Corresponding to the position with higher temperature,faster velocity and large deformation,the finer grain with more second phase and higher hardness were obtained. Due to the significant thermal effect during the extrusion process,the temperature of profile tail is higher than that of the profile head,resulting in a more uniform microstructure,more dispersing second phase and higher hardness of aluminum alloy profile tail.
引文
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[2]徐宁,黄东男,李有来,等.复杂断面空心型材的双级分流模挤压过程模拟分析[J].锻压技术,2016,41(12):62-66.Xu N,Huang D N,Li Y L,et al.Simulation analysis on twostage porthole dies extrusion for complicated hollow section profile[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2016,41(12):62-66.
[3]李利,侯文荣,张志豪,等.断面复杂程度对铝合金挤压实心型材出模孔温度的影响[J].塑性工程学报,2015,22(2):12-17.Li L,Hou W R,Zhang Z H,et al.Effect of cross-section complexity on the extrusion exit temperature of aluminum solid profile[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2015,22(2):12-17.
[4]刘静安.铝及铝加工行业发展新动态与技术创新、产品开发新趋向[J].四川有色金属,2000,(4):1-7.Liu J A.Aluminum and aluminum processing industry to develop new developments and technological innovation,product development trends[J].Sichuan Nonferrous Metals,2000,(4):1-7.
[5]萧今声.中国铝工业发展现状与前景预测[J].有色金属再生与利用,2004,(1):1-2.Xiao J S.The prospect prediction and the current situation of development of aluminum industry[J].Nonferrous Metal Recycling and Utilization,2004,(1):1-2.
[6]纵荣荣,郝秋红,韩志君,等.轨道车辆用超宽幅薄壁铝型材挤压过程数值模拟及模具优化[J].塑性工程学报,2015,22(4):39-43.Zong R R,Hao Q H,Han Z J,et al.Numerical simulation of extrusion and dieoptimization for super wide thin-walled aluminum profile for railway vehicles[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2015,22(4):39-43.
[7]郭丽丽,李永兵,张晓嵩,等.大尺寸ZK60镁合金型材挤压成形数值模拟及实验研究[J].塑性工程学报,2016,23(5):29-35.Guo L L,Li Y B,Zhang X S,et al.Numerical simulation and experimental study on large size extruded profile of ZK60 magnesium alloy[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2016,23(5):29-35.
[8]谢水生,刘静安,黄国杰.铝加工生产技术500问[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.Xie S S,Liu J A,Huang G J,et al.Aluminum Processing and Production Technology 500 Asked[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
[9]陈佳,闫晓东,沈健,等.热处理工艺对6A02合金管材组织性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2016,40(3):193-200.Chen J,Yan X D,Shen J,et al.Microstructure and properties of 6A02 aluminum alloy extruded tube with heat treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2016,40(3):193-200.
[10]杨俊英,运新兵,赵颖,等.型腔结构对AZ31镁合金连续挤压扩展成形规律的影响[J].稀有金属,2016,40(4):307-314.Yang J Y,Yun X B,Zhao Y,et al.Expansion forming of AZ31magnesium alloy with two types of cavity structures during continuous extrusion process[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2016,40(4):307-314.
[11]李凤娇,翟月雯,边翊,等.6061铝合金高温流变行动[J].塑性工程学报,2015,22(2):95-99.Li F J,Zhai Y W,Bian Y,et al.Study of plastic deformation behavior on 6061 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2015,22(2):95-99.
[12]Liu G,Zhou J,Duszczyk J.FE analysis of metal flow and weld seam formation in a porthole die during the extrusion of a magnesium alloy into a square tube and the effect of ram speed on weld strength[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,200(1-3):185-198.
[13]Wu X H,Zhao G Q,Luan Y G,et al.Numerical simulation and die structure optimization of an aluminum rectangular hollow pipe extrusion process[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,435(5):266-274.
[14]丁凌,陈建,郑坤,等.7075铝合金高温变形及损伤极限[J].塑性工程学报,2016,23(6):157-161.Ding L,Chen J,Zheng K,et al.High temperature deformation and damage limit of 7075 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2016,23(6):157-161.
[15]黄文先,闫洪,黄碧浩.Al2Y/AZ91镁基复合材料流变成形数值模拟[J].稀有金属,2016,40(8):776-783.Huang W X,Yan H,Huang B H.Numerical simulation of rheoforming of Al2Y/AZ91 magnesium matrix composites[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2016,40(8):776-783.
[16]Halvorsen F,Aukrust T.Studies of the mechanisms for buckling and waving in aluminum extrusion by use of a lagrangian FEM software[J].International Journal of Plasticity,2006,22(1):158-173.
[17]Li L,Zhang H,Zhou J.Numerical and experimental study on the extrusion through a porthole die to produce a hollow magnesium profile with longitudinal weld seams[J].Materials and Design,2008,29(6):1190-1198.