膜下滴灌技术综合效益评价方法初步研究
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摘要
为了探明膜下滴灌技术的综合效益,设计了一套膜下滴灌技术的综合效益评价方法,该方法的评价指标体系共三层,分别为目标层、准则层、指标层,其中准则层共三项,分别为经济效益、环境效益、社会效益,指标层共六项,分别为公顷净效益、经济效益费用比、平均含水率、脱盐率、推广示范作用以及农民素质的提升。用层次分析法计算各指标权重,再用比重法对各指标进行标准化处理,最后通过线性数学模型对各效益以及综合效益进行计算。以北疆典型的滴灌方式(一膜二管)为研究对象,以种植的典型作物棉花为例,对其在膜下滴灌条件下两年的综合效益进行了评价及对比,最后结果为2012与2013年的综合效益分别为0.221 5、0.325 3,从而分析得出降水以及棉花价格的波动是影响综合效益变化的主要因素,为膜下滴灌技术未来效益的提升提供了改进的方向。研究结果说明该评价模型可以较全面客观的对膜下滴灌技术的综合效益进行评价,并为膜下滴灌未来更好地发展提供方向。
To clearly detect the comprehensive benefits of drip irrigation under film technology,a set of comprehensive benefits evaluation model is designed.The evaluation index system of this model is divided into three layers,including the target layer,the criterion layer and the index layer.Thereinto,the criterion layer includes with three items,namely economic benefits,environmental benefits,social benefits and index layer.The criterion layer includes six items,namely net benefit of Mu(Chinese agrarian unit of measurement),economic benefit cost ratio,average water content,rate of desalination,the effect of promotion of demonstration,and enhancing the new farmers' quality.The weight of each index is calculated by the analytic hierarchy process.Then the indexes are normalized by the gravity method.Finally,each merit and the comprehensive benefits are calculated by the linear mathematical model.Taking the typical drip irrigation under mulching film technology(one from with two tubes) in the northern Xinjiang as research objects,and the typical crops of cotton as an example,two-year comprehensive benefits of the crops under the condition of drip irrigation under mulch are evaluated and compared.The final result is that:the comprehensive benefits of 2012 and 2013 were 0.221 5,0.325 3,respectively.Through analysis,the result can be got that:the precipitation amount and the fluctuations of cotton prices are the main factors which affects the change of the comprehensive benefits.It is believed that this research provides the modified direction for the promotion of benefits in the field of drip irrigation under mulch in the future.The results show that the evaluation model can evaluate the comprehensive benefits of drip irrigation technology comprehensively and objectively,and provide direction for the future development of drip irrigation.
To clearly detect the comprehensive benefits of drip irrigation under film technology,a set of comprehensive benefits evaluation model is designed.The evaluation index system of this model is divided into three layers,including the target layer,the criterion layer and the index layer.Thereinto,the criterion layer includes with three items,namely economic benefits,environmental benefits,social benefits and index layer.The criterion layer includes six items,namely net benefit of Mu(Chinese agrarian unit of measurement),economic benefit cost ratio,average water content,rate of desalination,the effect of promotion of demonstration,and enhancing the new farmers' quality.The weight of each index is calculated by the analytic hierarchy process.Then the indexes are normalized by the gravity method.Finally,each merit and the comprehensive benefits are calculated by the linear mathematical model.Taking the typical drip irrigation under mulching film technology(one from with two tubes) in the northern Xinjiang as research objects,and the typical crops of cotton as an example,two-year comprehensive benefits of the crops under the condition of drip irrigation under mulch are evaluated and compared.The final result is that:the comprehensive benefits of 2012 and 2013 were 0.221 5,0.325 3,respectively.Through analysis,the result can be got that:the precipitation amount and the fluctuations of cotton prices are the main factors which affects the change of the comprehensive benefits.It is believed that this research provides the modified direction for the promotion of benefits in the field of drip irrigation under mulch in the future.The results show that the evaluation model can evaluate the comprehensive benefits of drip irrigation technology comprehensively and objectively,and provide direction for the future development of drip irrigation.
引文
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[15]Kang Y,Chen M,Wan S.Effects of drip irrigation with saline water on waxy maize(Zea mays L.var.ceratina Kulesh)in North China Plain[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(9):1 303-1 309.
[2]李明发.新疆地区棉花膜下滴灌技术运用的思考[J].农业开发与装备,2017,(4):167.
[3]李明思,刘洪光,郑旭荣.长期膜下滴灌农田土壤盐分时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2012,(22):82-87.
[4]吕晶晶.浅议节水灌溉技术[J].河北水利,2017,(11):31.
[5]谢先健,吴建军.农田水利建设中的节水灌溉技术及发展趋势初探[J].农业开发与装备,2017,(11):120.
[6]韩启彪,冯绍元,曹林来,等.滴灌技术与装备进一步发展的思考[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,(11):1 001-1 005.
[7]朱美玲.干旱绿洲灌区农业田间高效用水评价指标体系研究---基于田间高效节水灌溉技术应用[J].节水灌溉,2012,(11):58-60.
[8]陈晓冬,许淼,候毛毛.烤烟膜下滴灌的节水效益分析[J].广东农业科技,2013,(2):13-15.
[9]李晓渊,朱美玲,何继武.新疆干旱区农业高效节水灌溉技术经济评价指标体系构建初探[J].农村经济与科技,2010,(4):62-63.
[10]黄丹.微咸水膜下滴灌轮灌时序优化实验研究[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2014.
[11]薛万来,牛文全,张俊.膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报.2013,(4):114-118.
[12]董伟伟.新疆国家农作物原种场棉花节水灌溉项目效益分析与风险评价[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[13]Roberts T L,White S,Warrick A W,et al.Tape depth and germination method influence patterns of salt accumulation with subsurface drip irrigation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(6):669-677.
[14]Wan S,Kang Y,Wang D,et al.Effect of drip irrigation with saline water on tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)yield and water use in semi-humid area[J].Agricultural Water Management,2007,90(1/2):63-74.
[15]Kang Y,Chen M,Wan S.Effects of drip irrigation with saline water on waxy maize(Zea mays L.var.ceratina Kulesh)in North China Plain[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(9):1 303-1 309.