天然次生白桦林和蒙古栎林土壤碳密度分析
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摘要
本文运用"森林土壤定位研究方法"对东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老山人工林实验站16林班的天然次生白桦林和蒙古栎林森林土壤碳密度及相关问题进行。其目的为提高森林生态系统森林土壤碳库贮碳量提供参考。研究结果说明,两种林龄、四种林分类型的森林土壤碳密度有显著差异。蒙古栎中龄林、幼龄林土壤碳密度最多,均好于白桦林中幼林土壤碳密度。以土壤自然状态发生层为依据,划分为L层、F层、H层和A层,并以每层碳密度大小排序,A层> H层> F层> L层,其中A层碳密度最大,L层最小,这些土壤层构成了森林土壤碳库的基本结构,是贮碳分室。在研究中发现不同坡位的地形土壤对土壤碳密度有较大影响。以碳密度大小排序,为坡下>坡中>坡上,差异显著。不同林龄、不同林分类型的土壤碳密度与土层垂直深度呈函数指数相关,与碳含量呈线型相关关系,两条曲线呈相悖分布。
In order to enhance ecological function of forest ecosystem and provide a reference about soil carbon storage, using forest soil localization method, we studied the soil density and relative problems of natural secondary birch forest and oak forest in Northeast Forestry University Laoshan Forest Experiment Station, class 16. The results showed that forest soil density varied remarkably between two forest ages and four forest types. The soil carbon density in middle aged and young aged Quercus mongolica forest is the highest, which is better than that of young forest of Betula platyphylla. Based on soil genetic layers, it can be divided into L layer, F layer, H layer and A layer, and the order according to carbon density is: A > H > F > L. A layer is the highest and the L layer is the lowest among the experimental. These soil layers constitute forest soil carbon pool, and they are carbon storage compartments. In this study, we found soil carbon density was influenced by slope position, in an order: lower slope> middle slope > upper slope. The soil carbon density and soil vertical depth of different forest age and different stand types are related to the function index, and there is a linear correlation with carbon content, and the two curves are inconsistent.
In order to enhance ecological function of forest ecosystem and provide a reference about soil carbon storage, using forest soil localization method, we studied the soil density and relative problems of natural secondary birch forest and oak forest in Northeast Forestry University Laoshan Forest Experiment Station, class 16. The results showed that forest soil density varied remarkably between two forest ages and four forest types. The soil carbon density in middle aged and young aged Quercus mongolica forest is the highest, which is better than that of young forest of Betula platyphylla. Based on soil genetic layers, it can be divided into L layer, F layer, H layer and A layer, and the order according to carbon density is: A > H > F > L. A layer is the highest and the L layer is the lowest among the experimental. These soil layers constitute forest soil carbon pool, and they are carbon storage compartments. In this study, we found soil carbon density was influenced by slope position, in an order: lower slope> middle slope > upper slope. The soil carbon density and soil vertical depth of different forest age and different stand types are related to the function index, and there is a linear correlation with carbon content, and the two curves are inconsistent.
引文
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[10]陈立新.土壤实验实习教程[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2005.Chen L X. Soil experiment practice course[M]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University Press, 2005.
[11]王艳芳,刘领,李志超,等.豫西黄土丘陵区洛阳市森林植被碳储量和碳密度研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(10):1-11.Wang Y F, Liu L, Li Z C, et al. Carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Luoyang, Western Henan Province[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10):1-11.
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[14]魏书精,罗碧珍,孙龙,等.森林生态系统土壤呼吸时空异质性及影响因子研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(4):689-704.Wei S J, Luo B Z, Sun L, et al. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity and effect factors of soil respiration in forest ecosystems:A review[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 22(4):689-704.
[15]高强,马明睿,韩华,等.去除和添加凋落物对木荷林土壤呼吸的短期影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1189-1197.Gao Q, Ma M R, Han H, et al. Short-term effects of aboveground litter exclusion and addition on soil respiration in a Schima superbaforest[J].ChineseJournalofEcology,2015,34(5):1189-1197.
[16]杨玉盛,谢锦华,盛浩.中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响[J].地理学报,2007,62(11):1123-1131.Yang Y S, Xie J H, Sheng H. The impact of land use/cover change on storage and quality of soil organic carbon in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(11):1123-1131.
[17]李瑛云,宋森,张艳波,等.阔叶红松林物种多样性变化对土壤性质的影响[J].森林工程,2013,4(2):24-29.Li Y Y, Song S, Zhang Y B, et al. Influence of species diversity on the soil properties of broadleaved Korean pine forest[J]. Forest Engineering, 2013, 4(2):24-29.
[18]闫美芳,张新时,江源,等.主要管理措施对人工林土壤碳的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2265-2271.Yan M F, Zhang X S, Jiang Y, et al. Effects of management practices on plantation soil carbon, A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010, 29(11):2265-2271.
[19]许炼烽,徐谙为,李志安.森林土壤固碳机理研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1063-1067.Xu L F, Xu A W, Li Z A. Research progresses in mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration in plantations in China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 22(6):1063-1067.
[20]崔静,陈云明,黄佳健,等.黄土丘陵半干旱区人工柠条林土壤固碳特征及其影响因素[J].中国生态农业学报,2012(9):1197-1203.Cui J, Chen Y M, Huang J J, et al. Soil carbon sequestration characteristicsofcaraganamicrophyllaplantationsand influencing factors in Loess Hilly Semiarid Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012(9):1197-1203.
[21]王娟,陈云明,曹杨.子午岭辽东栋林不同组分碳含量与碳储量[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3058-3063.Wang J, Chen Y M, Cao Y. Carbon concentration and carbon storage in different components of natural Quercus wutaishanica forest in Ziwuling of Loess Plateau, Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(12):3058-3063.
[22]钟银星,周运超,李祖驹.印江槽谷型喀斯特地区植被碳储量及固碳潜力研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(1):82-89.Zhong Y X, Zhou Y C, Li Z J. Research on the carbon storage and potential carbon sequestration of vegetation in the Trough Valley[J]. Earth and Environment, 2014, 42(1):82-89.
[23]马吉军,王娣,王立功.黑龙江大兴安岭地区生态系统碳储量的评估[J].林业科技,2015,40(2):44-45.Ma J J,Wang D,Wang L G.Evaluation of carbon storage in the Daxing’an Mountains, Heilongjiang province[J].Forestry Science and Technology,2015,40(2):44-45.
[24]Zhang Z D, Yang X M, Li C L, et al. Research progresses of soil organic carbon sequestration[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(21):8-12.
[2]刘恩,刘世荣.南亚热带米老排人工林碳储量及其分配特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5013-5019.Liu E, Liu S R. The research of carbon storage and distribution feature of the Mytilaria laosensis plantation in south sub-tropical area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(16):5013-5019.
[3]刘迎春,王秋凤,于贵瑞,等.黄土丘陵区两种主要退耕还林树种生态系统碳储量和固碳潜力[J].生态学报,2011,31(15):4277-4286.Liu Y C, Wang Q F,Yu G R et al.Ecosystems carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential of two main tree species for the grain for green project on China's hilly Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(15):4277-4286.
[4]Zhang Y, Gu F, liu S, et al. Variations of carbon stock with forest types in subalpine region of southwestern China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012, 300(2):88-95.
[5]Zhang C, Ju W, Chen J M, et al. China’s forest biomass, biomass carbon sink-based on seven inventories(in stock)from 1973 to2008[J]. Climatic Change, 2013, 118(3-4):933-939.
[6]McEwan R W, Lin Y, Sun I, et al. Topographic and biotic regulation of aboveground carbon storage in subtropical broadleaved forests of Taiwan[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2011, 262(9):1817-1825.
[7]路秋玲,王国兵,杨平,等.森林生态系统不同碳库碳储量估算方法的评价[J].南京林业大学学报,2012,36(5):155-160.Lu Q L, Wang G B, Yang P, et al. A review on the estimation methods of carbon pools of forest ecosystem[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, 2012, 36(5):155-160.
[8]Zhu B, Wang X, Fang J, et al. Altitudinal changes in carbon storage of temperate forests on Mt Changbai, Northeast China[J].Journal of Plant Research, 2010, 123(4):439-452.
[9]申家朋,张文辉,李彦华,等.黄土高原丘陵区退耕还林地油松人工林碳储量及分配特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(11):2309-2316.Shen J P, Zhang W H, Li Y H, et al. Characteristics of carbon storage and sequestration of Pinus tabulae formis forest land converted by farmland in Loess Hilly area[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2013, 33(11):2309-2316.
[10]陈立新.土壤实验实习教程[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2005.Chen L X. Soil experiment practice course[M]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University Press, 2005.
[11]王艳芳,刘领,李志超,等.豫西黄土丘陵区洛阳市森林植被碳储量和碳密度研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(10):1-11.Wang Y F, Liu L, Li Z C, et al. Carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Luoyang, Western Henan Province[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10):1-11.
[12]潘根兴,周萍,李恋卿,等.固碳土壤学的核心科学问题与研究进展[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):327-337.Pan G X, Zhou P, Li L Q, et al. Core issues and research processes of soil science of C sequestration[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 44(2):327-337.
[13]王绍强,周成虎.中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算[J].地理研究,1999,18(4):349-356.Wang S Q, Zhou C H. Estimating soil carbon reservior of terrestrial ecosystem in China[J]. Geographical Research,1999, 18(4):349-356.
[14]魏书精,罗碧珍,孙龙,等.森林生态系统土壤呼吸时空异质性及影响因子研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(4):689-704.Wei S J, Luo B Z, Sun L, et al. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity and effect factors of soil respiration in forest ecosystems:A review[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 22(4):689-704.
[15]高强,马明睿,韩华,等.去除和添加凋落物对木荷林土壤呼吸的短期影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1189-1197.Gao Q, Ma M R, Han H, et al. Short-term effects of aboveground litter exclusion and addition on soil respiration in a Schima superbaforest[J].ChineseJournalofEcology,2015,34(5):1189-1197.
[16]杨玉盛,谢锦华,盛浩.中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响[J].地理学报,2007,62(11):1123-1131.Yang Y S, Xie J H, Sheng H. The impact of land use/cover change on storage and quality of soil organic carbon in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(11):1123-1131.
[17]李瑛云,宋森,张艳波,等.阔叶红松林物种多样性变化对土壤性质的影响[J].森林工程,2013,4(2):24-29.Li Y Y, Song S, Zhang Y B, et al. Influence of species diversity on the soil properties of broadleaved Korean pine forest[J]. Forest Engineering, 2013, 4(2):24-29.
[18]闫美芳,张新时,江源,等.主要管理措施对人工林土壤碳的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2265-2271.Yan M F, Zhang X S, Jiang Y, et al. Effects of management practices on plantation soil carbon, A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010, 29(11):2265-2271.
[19]许炼烽,徐谙为,李志安.森林土壤固碳机理研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1063-1067.Xu L F, Xu A W, Li Z A. Research progresses in mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration in plantations in China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 22(6):1063-1067.
[20]崔静,陈云明,黄佳健,等.黄土丘陵半干旱区人工柠条林土壤固碳特征及其影响因素[J].中国生态农业学报,2012(9):1197-1203.Cui J, Chen Y M, Huang J J, et al. Soil carbon sequestration characteristicsofcaraganamicrophyllaplantationsand influencing factors in Loess Hilly Semiarid Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012(9):1197-1203.
[21]王娟,陈云明,曹杨.子午岭辽东栋林不同组分碳含量与碳储量[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3058-3063.Wang J, Chen Y M, Cao Y. Carbon concentration and carbon storage in different components of natural Quercus wutaishanica forest in Ziwuling of Loess Plateau, Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(12):3058-3063.
[22]钟银星,周运超,李祖驹.印江槽谷型喀斯特地区植被碳储量及固碳潜力研究[J].地球与环境,2014,42(1):82-89.Zhong Y X, Zhou Y C, Li Z J. Research on the carbon storage and potential carbon sequestration of vegetation in the Trough Valley[J]. Earth and Environment, 2014, 42(1):82-89.
[23]马吉军,王娣,王立功.黑龙江大兴安岭地区生态系统碳储量的评估[J].林业科技,2015,40(2):44-45.Ma J J,Wang D,Wang L G.Evaluation of carbon storage in the Daxing’an Mountains, Heilongjiang province[J].Forestry Science and Technology,2015,40(2):44-45.
[24]Zhang Z D, Yang X M, Li C L, et al. Research progresses of soil organic carbon sequestration[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(21):8-12.