丙环唑对普通白菜株高和产量的影响及其残留研究
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摘要
本研究探索了丙环唑对普通白菜株高和产量的影响及其残留动态,为建立普通白菜生产中丙环唑安全有效使用技术规程和残留限量标准提供科学依据。两个实验剂量分别为高浓度(375 g a.i./hm~2)和低浓度(250 g a.i./hm~2)。结果表明,喷施后7 d,高、低剂量处理组株高比对照组分别下降17.19%和15.63%,达显著水平;喷施后14 d,高、低剂量处理组株高比对照组分别下降12.24%和7.35%,达显著水平;而产量下降均未达显著水平。丙环唑消解动态符合一级动力方程,半衰期为1.98 d。喷施后7~14 d,丙环唑终残在0.380 9~0.032 7 mg/kg,膳食暴露风险熵在10.42~7.56,处于可接受范围;喷施后第14 d的残留低于日本标准。广州农贸市场和超市中的普通白菜丙环唑残留以及膳食暴露风险研究表明,丙环唑残留监测值99位点为0.013 7 mg/kg,拟合残留值99位点为0.011 3 mg/kg,残留暴露风险熵99.9位点为7.44,处于可接受范围。按照风险最大化原则,参考农药残留限量制定规则,以1 mg/kg和0.01 mg/kg为最高和最低残留限量理论值,对消费者膳食暴露风险保护水平分别为6.44、13.56。建议将1 mg/kg作为普通白菜丙环唑残留限量标准。
The effect of propiconazole on plant height and yield of pak-choi and its residue behavior were studied. The proposed study would provide scientific grounds for the development of safe and effective technical regulations for propiconazole application during pak-choi growing and establishment of maximum residue limit(MRL). Field trials were carried at two dosages: 375 g a.i./hm~2(high dosage) and 250 g a.i./hm~2(low dosage). Seven days after spray, the plant height decreased significantly by 17.19% and 15.63% for high dosage and low dosage group respectively compared with the reference. Fourteen days after spray, the plant height decreased significantly by 12.24% and 7.35%. The decrease of yield did not reach a significant level. Dissipation of propiconazole was fitted to a first order kinetics equation with half-life of 1.98 d. 7–14 d after spray, the terminal residue of propiconazole was 0.380 9–0.032 7 mg/kg and dietary exposure risk quotients were within acceptable range of 7.56–10.42. Fourteen days after spray, residue of propiconazole was below MRL of Japan. Residue level and dietary exposure risk of propiconazole in pak-choi samples from the agricultural trade market and supermarket in Guangzhou were investigated. Results revealed that the 99 site point of monitoring and fitted value of propiconazole were 0.013 7 mg/kg and 0.011 3 mg/kg respectively, with residue exposure risk quotient of 99.9 site point value as 7.44. The dietary exposure risk of market pak-choi sample was acceptable. According to the principle of setting MRL for pesticide and to evaluate maximum risk, 1.00 mg/k and 0.01 mg/kg were used as maximum and minimum theoretical MRLs. The protection factors based on dietary exposure risk assessment for consumer was of 6.44 and 13.56, respectively. It is suggested that 1 mg/kg is applied as the MRL of propiconazole in pak-choi.
The effect of propiconazole on plant height and yield of pak-choi and its residue behavior were studied. The proposed study would provide scientific grounds for the development of safe and effective technical regulations for propiconazole application during pak-choi growing and establishment of maximum residue limit(MRL). Field trials were carried at two dosages: 375 g a.i./hm~2(high dosage) and 250 g a.i./hm~2(low dosage). Seven days after spray, the plant height decreased significantly by 17.19% and 15.63% for high dosage and low dosage group respectively compared with the reference. Fourteen days after spray, the plant height decreased significantly by 12.24% and 7.35%. The decrease of yield did not reach a significant level. Dissipation of propiconazole was fitted to a first order kinetics equation with half-life of 1.98 d. 7–14 d after spray, the terminal residue of propiconazole was 0.380 9–0.032 7 mg/kg and dietary exposure risk quotients were within acceptable range of 7.56–10.42. Fourteen days after spray, residue of propiconazole was below MRL of Japan. Residue level and dietary exposure risk of propiconazole in pak-choi samples from the agricultural trade market and supermarket in Guangzhou were investigated. Results revealed that the 99 site point of monitoring and fitted value of propiconazole were 0.013 7 mg/kg and 0.011 3 mg/kg respectively, with residue exposure risk quotient of 99.9 site point value as 7.44. The dietary exposure risk of market pak-choi sample was acceptable. According to the principle of setting MRL for pesticide and to evaluate maximum risk, 1.00 mg/k and 0.01 mg/kg were used as maximum and minimum theoretical MRLs. The protection factors based on dietary exposure risk assessment for consumer was of 6.44 and 13.56, respectively. It is suggested that 1 mg/kg is applied as the MRL of propiconazole in pak-choi.
引文
[1]唐正合,汪汉成,王建新,等.丙环唑对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制作用及对纹枯病的防治效果[J].植物保护,2012,38(1):158-161.
[2]卢亭君,覃燕光,郭志强,等.300g/L苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油对水稻纹枯病的田间防治效果研究[J].园艺与种苗,2011(3):114-115,123.
[3]彭昌家,白体坤,冯礼斌,等.250g/L丙环唑EC防治小麦条锈病和白粉病的效果探讨[J].农学学报,2016,6(2):39-43.
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[5]张月,张群,林靖凌,等.不同套袋方式下丙环唑在香蕉上的降解动态研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(17):4 173-4 174.
[6]方丽萍,杜红霞,李瑞菊,等.丙环唑、氟环唑在苹果中的残留及风险评估[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(9):127-131.
[7]胡瑞兰,龚道新,刘灵宁,等.30%苯醚甲环唑?丙环唑乳油在水稻中的残留分析[J].农药,2010,49(3):194-196.
[8]王梅,段劲生,孙明娜,等.30%苯醚甲环唑?丙环唑EC在小麦上的残留研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):52-58.
[9]杨锦华,李进,张雪峰,等.不同浓度矮壮素对夏季大白菜大苗栽培的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2014(4):501-502.
[10]刘燕,李进,张雪峰,等.不同浓度矮壮素对夏秋大棵小白菜栽培的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2013(4):28-29.
[11]王迪轩,何咏梅.矮壮素在蔬菜生产上的应用[J].蔬菜,2001(2):18.
[12]项栋梁.菜农用“矮子药"只为迎合畸形择菜观[J].农村?农业?农民,2013(2):36-37.
[13]张月,张学强,王素茹.苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑对罗非鱼的急性毒性研究[J].现代农药,2011,10(4):30-31,34.
[14]European Commission.EU Pesticides database[EB/OL].[2017-10-20].http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eupesticides-database/public/?event=homepage&language=EN.
[15]The Japanese Positive List System for Agricultural Chemical Residues in Foods.Maximum residue limits(MRLs)of agricultural chemicals in foods[EB/OL].[2017-10-20].http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/MRLs-p.
[16]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,农业部,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB 2763-2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[17]Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO).Submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for the estimation of maximum residue levels in food and feed[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization,2009:123-133.
[18]金水高.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十:2002年营养与健康状况数据集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:40-69.
[19]简秋,单炜力,段丽芳,等.我国农产品及食品中农药最大残留限量制定指导原则[J].农药科学与管理,2012,33(6):24-27.
[20]Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC).Codex Pesticides Residues in Food Online Database[EB/OL].[2017-10-20].http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/pes tres/pesticides/en.
[21]赵莉,占绣萍,颜伟中,等.草莓中吡虫啉和氟硅唑残留的膳食暴露风险[J].农药学学报,2016,18(2):232-240.
[22]中华人民共和国农业部.农药残留试验准则:NY/T788-2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[23]Huang Q X,Yu Y Y,Tang C M,et al.Determination of commonly used azole antifungals in various waters and sewage sludge using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2010,1 217(21):3 481-3 488.
[24]Zhang H,Qian M R,Wang X Q,et al.HPLC-MS/MS enantioseparation of triazole fungicides using polysaccharide-based stationary phases[J].Journal of Separation Science,2012,35(7):773-777.
[25]Yang A,EI-ATY A M A,Park J H,et al.Analysis of 10systemic pesticide residues in various baby foods using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry[J].Biomedical Chromatography,2014,28(6):735-741.
[26]Liu S Y,Huang X H,Jin Q,et al.Determination of a broad spectrum of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in fish samples by UHPLC-MS/MS using the pass-through cleanup approach[J].2017,40(6):1 266-1 272.
[27]刘艳萍.香蕉国际贸易中4种特殊杀菌剂的残留及风险评估研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014:46-49.
[28]杨澍雨.丙环唑在菜心和土壤中的消解动态及残留安全性评价[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016:32-34.
[2]卢亭君,覃燕光,郭志强,等.300g/L苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油对水稻纹枯病的田间防治效果研究[J].园艺与种苗,2011(3):114-115,123.
[3]彭昌家,白体坤,冯礼斌,等.250g/L丙环唑EC防治小麦条锈病和白粉病的效果探讨[J].农学学报,2016,6(2):39-43.
[4]刘燕菁,范玉,张旭光,等.丙环唑在香蕉和土壤中的消解动态及残留安全性评价[J].植物保护,2010,36(2):109-111.
[5]张月,张群,林靖凌,等.不同套袋方式下丙环唑在香蕉上的降解动态研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(17):4 173-4 174.
[6]方丽萍,杜红霞,李瑞菊,等.丙环唑、氟环唑在苹果中的残留及风险评估[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(9):127-131.
[7]胡瑞兰,龚道新,刘灵宁,等.30%苯醚甲环唑?丙环唑乳油在水稻中的残留分析[J].农药,2010,49(3):194-196.
[8]王梅,段劲生,孙明娜,等.30%苯醚甲环唑?丙环唑EC在小麦上的残留研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(21):52-58.
[9]杨锦华,李进,张雪峰,等.不同浓度矮壮素对夏季大白菜大苗栽培的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2014(4):501-502.
[10]刘燕,李进,张雪峰,等.不同浓度矮壮素对夏秋大棵小白菜栽培的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2013(4):28-29.
[11]王迪轩,何咏梅.矮壮素在蔬菜生产上的应用[J].蔬菜,2001(2):18.
[12]项栋梁.菜农用“矮子药"只为迎合畸形择菜观[J].农村?农业?农民,2013(2):36-37.
[13]张月,张学强,王素茹.苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑对罗非鱼的急性毒性研究[J].现代农药,2011,10(4):30-31,34.
[14]European Commission.EU Pesticides database[EB/OL].[2017-10-20].http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eupesticides-database/public/?event=homepage&language=EN.
[15]The Japanese Positive List System for Agricultural Chemical Residues in Foods.Maximum residue limits(MRLs)of agricultural chemicals in foods[EB/OL].[2017-10-20].http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/MRLs-p.
[16]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,农业部,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB 2763-2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[17]Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO).Submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for the estimation of maximum residue levels in food and feed[M].Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization,2009:123-133.
[18]金水高.中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告之十:2002年营养与健康状况数据集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:40-69.
[19]简秋,单炜力,段丽芳,等.我国农产品及食品中农药最大残留限量制定指导原则[J].农药科学与管理,2012,33(6):24-27.
[20]Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC).Codex Pesticides Residues in Food Online Database[EB/OL].[2017-10-20].http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/standards/pes tres/pesticides/en.
[21]赵莉,占绣萍,颜伟中,等.草莓中吡虫啉和氟硅唑残留的膳食暴露风险[J].农药学学报,2016,18(2):232-240.
[22]中华人民共和国农业部.农药残留试验准则:NY/T788-2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[23]Huang Q X,Yu Y Y,Tang C M,et al.Determination of commonly used azole antifungals in various waters and sewage sludge using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2010,1 217(21):3 481-3 488.
[24]Zhang H,Qian M R,Wang X Q,et al.HPLC-MS/MS enantioseparation of triazole fungicides using polysaccharide-based stationary phases[J].Journal of Separation Science,2012,35(7):773-777.
[25]Yang A,EI-ATY A M A,Park J H,et al.Analysis of 10systemic pesticide residues in various baby foods using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry[J].Biomedical Chromatography,2014,28(6):735-741.
[26]Liu S Y,Huang X H,Jin Q,et al.Determination of a broad spectrum of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in fish samples by UHPLC-MS/MS using the pass-through cleanup approach[J].2017,40(6):1 266-1 272.
[27]刘艳萍.香蕉国际贸易中4种特殊杀菌剂的残留及风险评估研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014:46-49.
[28]杨澍雨.丙环唑在菜心和土壤中的消解动态及残留安全性评价[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016:32-34.