盐岩对地层温度及烃源岩热演化的影响:以加蓬盆地X区块为例
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摘要
应用钻井、测井、地震等资料及盆地数值模拟技术,以加蓬盆地X区块为例,探讨了盐岩对地层温度及烃源岩热演化的影响。结果表明:研究区盐岩体呈带状或点状分布,厚度介于0～3 723m之间,均值808.5m。盐岩的热导率是其他沉积岩的2～4倍,因此受高热导率的影响,使得盐上地层温度及烃源岩成熟度升高,盐下地层温度及烃源岩成熟度降低;且盐岩层越厚,这一影响越大,对于盐下地层,盐厚2 000m时温度差为25.1℃,Ro差值为0.6%。离盐岩层越近,烃源岩成熟度受盐岩的影响越大,对于盐下地层,离盐岩层近的Vembo组Ro差值最大可达1.2%以上。因此,受制于盐岩体的厚度、形态等变化,不能利用钻井揭示的烃源岩成熟度及其演化过程来预测盐岩发育区周围烃源岩的成熟度及演化。
Based on the drilling,logging and seismic data and the basin modeling technique,this paper studies the effect of salt on formation temperature and thermal evolution of source rock taking the area of X in Gabon Coastal Basin as an instance.The results indicate that the distribution of salt is ribbon pattern or dot scope in the study area,with the thickness between 0-3 723 m,averaged at 808.5m.The thermal conductivity of salt is typically two or four times greater than the thermal conductivity of other sedimentary rocks.Therefore,constrained by the high thermal conductivity of salt,the formation temperature of postsalt is raised,and the formation temperature of pre-salt is reduced.When the layer of salt is thicker,the effect on the formation temperature is larger.To the layer of pre-salt,two thousand meters salt have made25.1℃influence of temperature.The source rock maturity of post-salt is raised,and the source rock maturity of pre-salt is reduced.When the layer of salt is thicker,and the nearer the layer of salt,the larger the effect on the source rock maturityis.To the layer of pre-salt,two thousand meters salt have made0.6%influence of source rock maturity,and nearly the salt layer may make 1.2%influence of Vembo Formation.Therefore,because of the thickness of the salt body and shape change,drilling cannot be used to reveal the source rocks maturity and evolution process to predict the maturity and evolution of aroundsource rocks in salt zone.
Based on the drilling,logging and seismic data and the basin modeling technique,this paper studies the effect of salt on formation temperature and thermal evolution of source rock taking the area of X in Gabon Coastal Basin as an instance.The results indicate that the distribution of salt is ribbon pattern or dot scope in the study area,with the thickness between 0-3 723 m,averaged at 808.5m.The thermal conductivity of salt is typically two or four times greater than the thermal conductivity of other sedimentary rocks.Therefore,constrained by the high thermal conductivity of salt,the formation temperature of postsalt is raised,and the formation temperature of pre-salt is reduced.When the layer of salt is thicker,the effect on the formation temperature is larger.To the layer of pre-salt,two thousand meters salt have made25.1℃influence of temperature.The source rock maturity of post-salt is raised,and the source rock maturity of pre-salt is reduced.When the layer of salt is thicker,and the nearer the layer of salt,the larger the effect on the source rock maturityis.To the layer of pre-salt,two thousand meters salt have made0.6%influence of source rock maturity,and nearly the salt layer may make 1.2%influence of Vembo Formation.Therefore,because of the thickness of the salt body and shape change,drilling cannot be used to reveal the source rocks maturity and evolution process to predict the maturity and evolution of aroundsource rocks in salt zone.
引文
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[20]Gill J.3Drevives an old play:An Aptian subsalt discovery Etame Field Offshore Gabon West Africa[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(11):1147-1151.
[21]刘深艳,胡孝林,常迈.西非加蓬海岸盆地盐特征及其石油地质意义[J].海洋石油,2011,31(3):1-10.
[22]邱春光,刘延莉.加蓬海岸盆地南北次盆成藏特征对比[J].现代地质,2012,26(1):154-156.
[23]刘延莉,邱春光,熊利平.西非加蓬盆地沉积特征及油气成藏规律研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(4):352-357.
[24]Williams M D,Ranganathan V.Ephemeral thermal and solute plumes formed by upwelling groundwaters near salt domes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(8),15667-15681.
[25]Ranganathan V,Hanor J S.Density-driven groundwater flow near salt Structures[J].Chemical Geology,1988,74(2):173-188.
[26]郑德顺,李明龙,蔡进功,等.东营凹陷深层膏盐岩分布及其对烃源岩热演化的影响[J].石油地质与工程,2011,25(4):1-3.
[2]吴海,赵孟军,鲁薛松,等.膏盐岩层控藏机制研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(3):77-86.
[3]马奎,胡素云,王铜山,等.膏盐岩对碳酸盐层系油气成藏的影响及勘探领域分析[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(2):171-176.
[4]吴小力,刘翰林,李荣西,等.中国陆相蒸发岩盆地中烃源岩的发育规律及其生排烃特征研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(4):183-192.
[5]马新华,华爱刚,立景明,等.含盐油气盆地[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:1-2.
[6] Stover S C,Ge S,Weimer P,et al.The effects of salt evolution,structural development,and fault propagation on Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic oil migration:A two-dimensional fluid-flow study along a megaregional profile in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(11):1945-1966.
[7] Ulisses T M,Carry D K.Development of sediment overpressure and its effective thermal maturation:Application to the Gulf of Mexico Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(9):1367-1396.
[8]王柯,黄兴文,郝建荣.盐岩对烃源岩热演化及储层温度的影响:以加蓬盆地X区块为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(4):47-51.
[9] Selig F.Temperature distribution in salt domes and surrounding sediments[J].Geophysics,1966,49(31):2032-2043.
[10]Epp D.Heat flow in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1970,75(3):5655-5669.
[11]Herzen V.Geophysical studies in the Angola diapir field[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1972,83(7):1901-1910.
[12]Lewis J F,Hyndman R D.Oceanic heat flow measurements over the continental margins of eastern Canada[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Science,1976,13(8):1031-1038.
[13]O′Brien J J.The influence of salt domes on paleotemperature distributions[J].Geophysics,1984,15(4):2032-2043.
[14]Nagihara S,Beckley J G,Behrens E W,et al.High heat flow anomalies over salt structures on the Texas continental slope,Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1992,19(3):1687-1690.
[15]Corrigan J,Sweat M.Heat flow and gravity responses over salt bodies:A comparative model analysis[J].Geophysics,1995,60(4):1029-1037.
[16]Mackenzie A S,Quigley T M.Principles of geochemical prospect appraisal[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(4):399-415.
[17]Sweeney J J,Burnham A K.Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(10):1559-1570.
[18]Tissot B P,Pelet R.Thermal history of sedimentary basins,maturation indices,and kinetics of oil and gas generation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(12):1445-1466.
[19]Waples D W.Maturity modeling thermal indicators,hydrocarbon generation,and oil cracking[J].AAPG Memoir,1994,60(3):285-306.
[20]Gill J.3Drevives an old play:An Aptian subsalt discovery Etame Field Offshore Gabon West Africa[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(11):1147-1151.
[21]刘深艳,胡孝林,常迈.西非加蓬海岸盆地盐特征及其石油地质意义[J].海洋石油,2011,31(3):1-10.
[22]邱春光,刘延莉.加蓬海岸盆地南北次盆成藏特征对比[J].现代地质,2012,26(1):154-156.
[23]刘延莉,邱春光,熊利平.西非加蓬盆地沉积特征及油气成藏规律研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(4):352-357.
[24]Williams M D,Ranganathan V.Ephemeral thermal and solute plumes formed by upwelling groundwaters near salt domes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(8),15667-15681.
[25]Ranganathan V,Hanor J S.Density-driven groundwater flow near salt Structures[J].Chemical Geology,1988,74(2):173-188.
[26]郑德顺,李明龙,蔡进功,等.东营凹陷深层膏盐岩分布及其对烃源岩热演化的影响[J].石油地质与工程,2011,25(4):1-3.