单极源钻铤波传播机制的实验研究
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摘要
为了研究随钻声波测井中单极源钻铤波的传播特性,本文在水池中进行了缩小尺寸的随钻声波测井实验.首先建立了实验室内高分辨的数据采集系统(24位分辨率/1.25 MS/s采样率)和高精度三维运动控制系统(最小移动步长0.5mm),并通过测量声源和接收换能器之间直达流体声波信号,验证了声源/接收探头和实验测量系统的有效性.之后对4种实验模型下单极源激发钻铤波的传播规律进行了实验分析,分别在钻铤内部和钻铤外流体中记录了钻铤波信号,重点分析了不同情况下钻铤内部直达钻铤波和钻铤外部泄漏钻铤波的幅值差异性及产生原因,讨论了泄漏钻铤波沿着井轴方向和直径方向的衰减规律.实验结果表明:钻铤波在声源和钻铤分离情况下依旧可以激发很强的钻铤波,但当钻铤被截断后两部分钻铤波同时消失,在截断位置转化成流体声波波群继续向前传播.此外,通过定量分析两部分钻铤波的幅值特性发现,泄漏钻铤波的幅值约为直达钻铤波幅值的1/4,两者处于同一量级,因此,泄漏钻铤波对测量纵横波的干扰是不可忽略的,进而本文提出一种随钻声波测井接收器的布置方法,以有效削弱测井全波中直达钻铤波和泄漏钻铤波信号的幅度.本文实验结果对认识单极源钻铤波的激发和传播机制具有重要意义.
In this paper,the acoustic logging while drilling(LWD)measurements are conducted with a scaled LWD detector in the laboratory,in order to analyze the properties of monopole collar wave.We first build a high resolution data acquisition system(24 bit resolution and 1.25 MS/s sampling rate)and a high precision motorial system with the minimum movement of 0.5 mm.The detector and test system are validated by measuring acoustic signals propagated in the water.After that,the measurements with four different LWD models are conducted in a water pool.The time domain waveforms of the collar waves(direct collar wave in the collar and leaked collar wave out of the collar)in these models are recorded and analyzed.The properties of leaked collar wave,such as the amplitude differences and the attenuation along the axial direction and the radial direction,are further studied based on the experimental data.The results show that the collar wave can be excited even if the source and the collar are separated.However,when the collar is cut off,the collar wave disappears and transfers to liquid wave at the truncated section.Inaddition,we make a quantitative analysis on the amplitudes of the direct collar wave and leaked collar wave.Since the amplitude of the leaked collar wave is about a quarter of that of the direct collar wave,it is confirmed that the influence of leaked collar wave on the measurements of formation P and S waves can not be ignored in the acoustic LWD.Our experimental results are helpful for understanding the mechanism of the excitation and propagation of the monopole collar waves.
In this paper,the acoustic logging while drilling(LWD)measurements are conducted with a scaled LWD detector in the laboratory,in order to analyze the properties of monopole collar wave.We first build a high resolution data acquisition system(24 bit resolution and 1.25 MS/s sampling rate)and a high precision motorial system with the minimum movement of 0.5 mm.The detector and test system are validated by measuring acoustic signals propagated in the water.After that,the measurements with four different LWD models are conducted in a water pool.The time domain waveforms of the collar waves(direct collar wave in the collar and leaked collar wave out of the collar)in these models are recorded and analyzed.The properties of leaked collar wave,such as the amplitude differences and the attenuation along the axial direction and the radial direction,are further studied based on the experimental data.The results show that the collar wave can be excited even if the source and the collar are separated.However,when the collar is cut off,the collar wave disappears and transfers to liquid wave at the truncated section.Inaddition,we make a quantitative analysis on the amplitudes of the direct collar wave and leaked collar wave.Since the amplitude of the leaked collar wave is about a quarter of that of the direct collar wave,it is confirmed that the influence of leaked collar wave on the measurements of formation P and S waves can not be ignored in the acoustic LWD.Our experimental results are helpful for understanding the mechanism of the excitation and propagation of the monopole collar waves.
引文
Cui Z W.2004.Theoretical and numerical study of modified Biot′s models,acoustoelectric well logging and acoustic logging while drilling excited by multipole acoustic sources[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
Guan W,Hu H S,Zheng X B.2013.Theoretical simulation of the multipole seismoelectric logging while drilling.Geophysical Journal International,195(2):1239-1250.
He X,Hu H S,Guan W.2010.Fast and slow flexural waves in a deviated borehole in homogeneous and layered anisotropic formations.Geophysical Journal International,181(1):417-426.
He X,Hu H S,Wang X M.2013.Finite difference modelling of dipole acoustic logs in a poroelastic formation with anisotropic permeability.Geophysical Journal International,192(1):359-374.
Sinha B K,imek E,Asvadurov S.2009.Influence of a pipe tool on borehole modes.Geophysics,74(3):E111-E123.
Song R L,Liu J X,Hou C H,et al.2012.Numerical simulation of Sector Bond log and improved cement bond image.Geophysics,77(4):D95-D104.
Su Y D,Zhuang C X,Tang X M.2011.LWD acoustic color mode wave attenuation character research and isolator design.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(9):2419-2428,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.026.
Su Y D,Tang X M,Xu S,et al.2015.Acoustic isolation of a monopole logging while drilling tool by combining natural stopbands of pipe extensional waves.Geophysical Journal International,202(1):439-445.
Tang X M,Wang T,Patterson D.2002.Multipole acoustic loggingwhile-drilling.∥72nd Annual International Meeting.Salt Lake City,Utah:SEG,364-367.
Tang X M,Dubinsky V,Patterson D J.2006.Development of a low-frequency LWD quadrupole shear-wave technology to improve quality of formation shear velocity measurement.∥Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Technical Exhibition.San Antonio,Texas,USA:SPE.
Wang J,Zhu Z Y,Zheng X B.2016.Experimental analysis on acoustic LWD with multipole source.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(5):1909-1919,doi:10.6038/cjg20160533.
Wang J,Hu H S,Guan W,et al.2017.Electrokinetic measurements of formation velocities with wireline seismoelectric logging and seismoelectric logging while drilling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(2):862-872,doi:10.6038/cjg20170236.
Wang H,Fehler M,Tao G,et al.2016.Investigation of collar properties on data-acquisition scheme for acoustic logging-whiledrilling.Geophysics,81(6):D611-D624.
Wang H,Fehler M,Miller D.2017.Reliability of velocity measurements made by monopole acoustic logging-while-drilling tools in fast formations.Geophysics,82(4):D225-D233.
Wang H,Fehler M.2018.The wavefield of acoustic logging in a cased-hole with a single casing-part I:a monopole tool.Geophysical Journal International,212(1):612-626.
Wang R J,Qiao W X,Ju X D.2012.Numerical study of formation anisotropy evaluation using cross dipole acoustic LWD.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(11):3870-3882,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.035.
Wang X M,He X,Zhang X M.2016.Generalized collar waves in acoustic logging while drilling.Chinese Physics B,25(12):124316.
Xu F L,Hu H S.2017.Inversion of the shear velocity of the cement in cased borehole through ultrasonic flexural waves.Geophysics,82(2):D57-D68.
Yang Y F,Guan W,Cui N G,et al.2016.FDTD simulation and analysis of the collar wave propagation in acoustic logging while drilling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(1):368-380,doi:10.6038/cjg20160131.
Yang Y F,Guan W,Hu H S,et al.2017.Numerical study of the collar wave characteristics and the effects of grooves in acoustic logging while drilling.Geophysical Journal International,209(2):749-761.
Zhang B X,Dong H F,Wang K X.1994.Multipole sources in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a transversely isotropic elastic solid.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,96(4):2546-2555.
Zheng X B,Hu H S,Guan W,et al.2014.Theoretical simulation of the electric field induced by acoustic waves during the seismoelectric logging while drilling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(1):320-330,doi:10.6038/cjg20140128.
Zheng X B,Hu H S.2017.A theoretical investigation of acoustic monopole logging-while-drilling individual waves with emphasis on the collar wave and its dependence on formation.Geophysics,82(1):D1-D11.
Zhu Z Y,Toks9z M N,Rao R,et al.2008.Experimental studies of monopole,dipole,and quadrupole acoustic logging while drilling(LWD)with scaled borehole models.Geophysics,73(4):E133-E143.
Zhu Z Y,Wang J,Toks9z M N.2012.Multipole seismoelectric logging while drilling(LWD)for acoustic velocity measurements.∥74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition.SPE,EAGE.
崔志文.2004.多孔介质声学模型与多极源声电效应测井和多极随钻声测井的理论与数值研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
苏远大,庄春喜,唐晓明.2011.随钻声波测井钻铤模式波衰减规律研究与隔声体设计.地球物理学报,54(9):2419-2428,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.026.
王军,Zhu Z Y,郑晓波.2016.多极源随钻声波测井实验分析.地球物理学报,59(5):1909-1919,doi:10.6038/cjg20160533.
王军,胡恒山,关威等.2017.地层波速的电缆和随钻动电测井实验研究.地球物理学报,60(2):862-872,doi:10.6038/cjg20170236.
王瑞甲,乔文孝,鞠晓东.2012.利用随钻正交偶极子声波测井评价地层各向异性的数值研究.地球物理学报,55(11):3870-3882,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.035.
杨玉峰,关威,崔乃刚等.2016.随钻声波测井FDTD模拟及钻铤波传播特性研究.地球物理学报,59(1):368-380,doi:10.6038/cjg20160131.
郑晓波,胡恒山,关威等.2014.随钻动电测井中声诱导电场的理论模拟.地球物理学报,57(1):320-330,doi:10.6038/cjg20140128.
Guan W,Hu H S,Zheng X B.2013.Theoretical simulation of the multipole seismoelectric logging while drilling.Geophysical Journal International,195(2):1239-1250.
He X,Hu H S,Guan W.2010.Fast and slow flexural waves in a deviated borehole in homogeneous and layered anisotropic formations.Geophysical Journal International,181(1):417-426.
He X,Hu H S,Wang X M.2013.Finite difference modelling of dipole acoustic logs in a poroelastic formation with anisotropic permeability.Geophysical Journal International,192(1):359-374.
Sinha B K,imek E,Asvadurov S.2009.Influence of a pipe tool on borehole modes.Geophysics,74(3):E111-E123.
Song R L,Liu J X,Hou C H,et al.2012.Numerical simulation of Sector Bond log and improved cement bond image.Geophysics,77(4):D95-D104.
Su Y D,Zhuang C X,Tang X M.2011.LWD acoustic color mode wave attenuation character research and isolator design.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(9):2419-2428,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.026.
Su Y D,Tang X M,Xu S,et al.2015.Acoustic isolation of a monopole logging while drilling tool by combining natural stopbands of pipe extensional waves.Geophysical Journal International,202(1):439-445.
Tang X M,Wang T,Patterson D.2002.Multipole acoustic loggingwhile-drilling.∥72nd Annual International Meeting.Salt Lake City,Utah:SEG,364-367.
Tang X M,Dubinsky V,Patterson D J.2006.Development of a low-frequency LWD quadrupole shear-wave technology to improve quality of formation shear velocity measurement.∥Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Technical Exhibition.San Antonio,Texas,USA:SPE.
Wang J,Zhu Z Y,Zheng X B.2016.Experimental analysis on acoustic LWD with multipole source.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(5):1909-1919,doi:10.6038/cjg20160533.
Wang J,Hu H S,Guan W,et al.2017.Electrokinetic measurements of formation velocities with wireline seismoelectric logging and seismoelectric logging while drilling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(2):862-872,doi:10.6038/cjg20170236.
Wang H,Fehler M,Tao G,et al.2016.Investigation of collar properties on data-acquisition scheme for acoustic logging-whiledrilling.Geophysics,81(6):D611-D624.
Wang H,Fehler M,Miller D.2017.Reliability of velocity measurements made by monopole acoustic logging-while-drilling tools in fast formations.Geophysics,82(4):D225-D233.
Wang H,Fehler M.2018.The wavefield of acoustic logging in a cased-hole with a single casing-part I:a monopole tool.Geophysical Journal International,212(1):612-626.
Wang R J,Qiao W X,Ju X D.2012.Numerical study of formation anisotropy evaluation using cross dipole acoustic LWD.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(11):3870-3882,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.035.
Wang X M,He X,Zhang X M.2016.Generalized collar waves in acoustic logging while drilling.Chinese Physics B,25(12):124316.
Xu F L,Hu H S.2017.Inversion of the shear velocity of the cement in cased borehole through ultrasonic flexural waves.Geophysics,82(2):D57-D68.
Yang Y F,Guan W,Cui N G,et al.2016.FDTD simulation and analysis of the collar wave propagation in acoustic logging while drilling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(1):368-380,doi:10.6038/cjg20160131.
Yang Y F,Guan W,Hu H S,et al.2017.Numerical study of the collar wave characteristics and the effects of grooves in acoustic logging while drilling.Geophysical Journal International,209(2):749-761.
Zhang B X,Dong H F,Wang K X.1994.Multipole sources in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a transversely isotropic elastic solid.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,96(4):2546-2555.
Zheng X B,Hu H S,Guan W,et al.2014.Theoretical simulation of the electric field induced by acoustic waves during the seismoelectric logging while drilling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(1):320-330,doi:10.6038/cjg20140128.
Zheng X B,Hu H S.2017.A theoretical investigation of acoustic monopole logging-while-drilling individual waves with emphasis on the collar wave and its dependence on formation.Geophysics,82(1):D1-D11.
Zhu Z Y,Toks9z M N,Rao R,et al.2008.Experimental studies of monopole,dipole,and quadrupole acoustic logging while drilling(LWD)with scaled borehole models.Geophysics,73(4):E133-E143.
Zhu Z Y,Wang J,Toks9z M N.2012.Multipole seismoelectric logging while drilling(LWD)for acoustic velocity measurements.∥74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition.SPE,EAGE.
崔志文.2004.多孔介质声学模型与多极源声电效应测井和多极随钻声测井的理论与数值研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
苏远大,庄春喜,唐晓明.2011.随钻声波测井钻铤模式波衰减规律研究与隔声体设计.地球物理学报,54(9):2419-2428,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.026.
王军,Zhu Z Y,郑晓波.2016.多极源随钻声波测井实验分析.地球物理学报,59(5):1909-1919,doi:10.6038/cjg20160533.
王军,胡恒山,关威等.2017.地层波速的电缆和随钻动电测井实验研究.地球物理学报,60(2):862-872,doi:10.6038/cjg20170236.
王瑞甲,乔文孝,鞠晓东.2012.利用随钻正交偶极子声波测井评价地层各向异性的数值研究.地球物理学报,55(11):3870-3882,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.035.
杨玉峰,关威,崔乃刚等.2016.随钻声波测井FDTD模拟及钻铤波传播特性研究.地球物理学报,59(1):368-380,doi:10.6038/cjg20160131.
郑晓波,胡恒山,关威等.2014.随钻动电测井中声诱导电场的理论模拟.地球物理学报,57(1):320-330,doi:10.6038/cjg20140128.