两种鲤科经济鱼类水声目标强度的实验测定与应用评估
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摘要
鱼类目标强度(Target Strength, TS)及其与鱼体长度的关系是渔业声学技术研究和应用的核心内容之一。本文以我国广泛分布的鲤科经济鱼类鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)为研究对象,选择湖北省宜昌市隔河岩水库的一处僻静库湾作为实验地点,于2017年5月1—20日采用绳系实验法和Simrad EY60型(频率120 kHz)分裂波束回声探测仪,在环境干扰小的实验网箱里逐一测量单体实验鱼游动状态下的目标强度,由此构建2种鱼的目标强度与个体大小关系式。用于实验的鲤和鳙均为26尾,其全长分别为19.9—29.6 cm和49.2—74.2 cm,体重分别为175—461 g和1200—4700 g,实验所测TS值分别为–59.35—–45.20 dB和–34.22—–17.49 dB。回归得到实验鱼目标强度(TS, dB)与全长(TL, cm)关系式(1)鲤:TS=29.84×lg TL–95.23(R~2=0.74, P<0.01),(2)鳙:TS=35.88×lg TL–90.33 (R~2=0.83, P<0.01)。同时选择一个小型封闭水体(盐龙湖)"赶、拦、刺、张"联合渔法捕捞之前的鱼探仪调查数据作为分析实例,通过本文鳙TS-TL关系式估算全湖鱼类资源总量为89360 kg,折合40.1 g/m~2,捕捞产量(73610 kg)与之较为接近,在一定程度上反映了实验目标强度测定及其与体长关系式的合理性,有助于丰富我国内陆水域鱼类资源水声学评估技术的基础参数。
The target strength(TS) of fish and its relationship with body length is one of the core contents of research and application in fishery acoustic technology. The current study measured target strengths of two widespread commercial cyprinid fish species, Cyprinus carpio and Aristichthys nobilis with hydroacoustics experiment with tethering method and Simrad EY60 echosounder(120 kHz) under swimming status(26 individuals of C. carpio and 26 of A. nobilis) in an undisturbed cage in the Geheyan Reservoir(Yichang City, Hubei Province) from 1 May — 20 May, 2017. The total length of C. carpio and A. nobilis were from 19.9 to 29.6 cm and 49.2 to 74.2 cm, respectively. The body weight of them were from 175 to 461 g and 1200 to 4700 g, and their TS were from –59.35 to –45.20 dB and –34.22 to –17.49 dB, respectively. The regression relationship between target strength(TS, dB) and total length(TL, cm) for the two species were TS = 29.84×lg TL – 95.23(R~2 = 0.74, P < 0.01) for C. carpio, and TS = 35.88×lg TL – 90.33(R~2 = 0.83, P <0.01) for A. nobilis. The TS-TL equation of A. nobilis was used to assess the total fish biomass of a small enclosed water body(Lake Yanlong) to 89.36 ton(i.e. 40.1 g/m~2), which is close to the real total catch(73.61 tons) of this area, supporting the rationality of in method to evaluate fish target strengths and their relationship with body length. Exploring target strength for the two most common fish should benefit the development of hydroacoustics techniques in China's inland waters.
The target strength(TS) of fish and its relationship with body length is one of the core contents of research and application in fishery acoustic technology. The current study measured target strengths of two widespread commercial cyprinid fish species, Cyprinus carpio and Aristichthys nobilis with hydroacoustics experiment with tethering method and Simrad EY60 echosounder(120 kHz) under swimming status(26 individuals of C. carpio and 26 of A. nobilis) in an undisturbed cage in the Geheyan Reservoir(Yichang City, Hubei Province) from 1 May — 20 May, 2017. The total length of C. carpio and A. nobilis were from 19.9 to 29.6 cm and 49.2 to 74.2 cm, respectively. The body weight of them were from 175 to 461 g and 1200 to 4700 g, and their TS were from –59.35 to –45.20 dB and –34.22 to –17.49 dB, respectively. The regression relationship between target strength(TS, dB) and total length(TL, cm) for the two species were TS = 29.84×lg TL – 95.23(R~2 = 0.74, P < 0.01) for C. carpio, and TS = 35.88×lg TL – 90.33(R~2 = 0.83, P <0.01) for A. nobilis. The TS-TL equation of A. nobilis was used to assess the total fish biomass of a small enclosed water body(Lake Yanlong) to 89.36 ton(i.e. 40.1 g/m~2), which is close to the real total catch(73.61 tons) of this area, supporting the rationality of in method to evaluate fish target strengths and their relationship with body length. Exploring target strength for the two most common fish should benefit the development of hydroacoustics techniques in China's inland waters.
引文
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[2]Foote K G,Aglen A,Nakken O,et al.Measurement of fish target strength with a split-beam echo sounder[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1986,80(2):612-621
[3]Lian Y X,Huang G,Godlewska M,et al.Hydroacoustic assessment of spatio-temporal distribution and abundance of fish resources in the Xiangxi River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(5):920-929[连玉喜,黄耿,Godlewska M,等.基于水声学探测的香溪河鱼类资源时空分布特征评估.水生生物学报,2015,39(5):920-929]
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[5]Foote K G.Averaging of fish target strength functions[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,67(2):504-515
[6]Love R H.Maximum side‐aspect target strength of an individual fish[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1969,46(3):746-752
[7]Luan Y,Guan C T,Shi X T,et al.The Relationship between acoustic backscattering property and weight and body length of big yellow croaker and black rockfish[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2011,32(2):47-52[栾洋,关长涛,石晓天,等.大黄鱼和许氏平鲉声反射特征与体重和体长关系的研究.渔业科学进展,2011,32(2):47-52]
[8]Sawada K,Takahashi H,Abe K,et al.Target-strength,length,and tilt-angle measurements of Pacific saury(Cololabis saira)and Japanese anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)using an acoustic-optical system[J].Ices Journal of Marine Science,2009,66(6):1212-1218
[9]Love R H.Measurements of fish target strength:a review[J].Fish Bull,1971a,69(4):703-715
[10]Zhao X Y,Chen Y Z.In situ target strength measurements on walleye pollock(Theragra chalcogramma Palas)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1996,(4):19-27[赵宪勇,陈毓桢.狭鳕(Theragra chalcogramma Palas)目标强度的现场测定.中国水产科学,1996,(4):19-27]
[11]Chen B G,Li N N,Chen P M,et al.Target strength measurements of pearl-spotted spinefoot(Siganus oramin)in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(6):1293-1299[陈国宝,李娜娜,陈丕茂,等.南海黄斑蓝子鱼的目标强度测量研究.中国水产科学,2010,17(6):1293-1299]
[12]Ren Y Q,Wang K,Duan X B,et al.In situ hydroacoustic estimates of the target strength and behavior characteristics of Aristichthys nobilis[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(2):3-9[任玉芹,王珂,段辛斌,等.鳙目标强度和行为特征的水声学研究.淡水渔业,2011,41(2):3-9]
[13]Brawn V M.Physical properties and hydrostatic function of the Swimbladder of herring(Clupea harengus L.)[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,2011,19(4):635-656
[14]Fisheries Bureau the Ministry of Agriculture.People’s Republic of China Fisheries Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.2017[农业部渔业局编制.中国渔业统计年鉴.中国农业出版社.2017]
[15]Liu J K.Advanced Aquatic Biology[M].Beijing:Science Press.1999,283-283[刘建康.高级水生生物学.北京:科学出版社.1999,283-283]
[16]Foote K G.Fish target strengths for use in echo integrator surveys[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1987,82:981-987
[17]Foote K G.On representing the length-dependence of acoustic target strengths of fish[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1979,36(12):1490-1496
[18]Love R H.Dorsal-Aspect Target Strength of an Individual Fish[J].The Journal of the Ame-rica Society of America,1971,49(3):816-823
[19]Frouzova J,Kubecka J,Balk H,et al.Target strength of some European fish species and its dependence on fish body parameters[J].Fisheries Research,2005,75(1-3):86-96
[20]Frouzova J,Kubecka J,Mrkvicka T.Differences in acoustic target strength pattern between fish with onechambered and two-chambered swimbladder during rotation in the horizontal plane[J].Fisheries Research,2011,109(1):114-118
[21]Foote K G.Importance of the swimbladder in acoustic scattering by fish:A comparison of gadoid and mackerel target strengths[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,67(6):2084-2089
[22]Kubecka J,Duncan A.Acoustic size vs.real size relationships for common species of riverine fish[J].Fisheries Research,1998,35(1):115-125
[23]Medwin H,Clay C S.Chapter 7-sound scattered by a body[J].Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography,1998:234-286
[24]Zhang H J,Yang D G,Wei Q W,et al.Hydro acoustic survey on fishes in the reach from Gezhouba Dam to Gulaobei of the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2007,16(1):86-91[张慧杰,杨德国,危起伟,等.葛洲坝至古老背江段鱼类的水声学调查.长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(1):86-91]
[2]Foote K G,Aglen A,Nakken O,et al.Measurement of fish target strength with a split-beam echo sounder[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1986,80(2):612-621
[3]Lian Y X,Huang G,Godlewska M,et al.Hydroacoustic assessment of spatio-temporal distribution and abundance of fish resources in the Xiangxi River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(5):920-929[连玉喜,黄耿,Godlewska M,等.基于水声学探测的香溪河鱼类资源时空分布特征评估.水生生物学报,2015,39(5):920-929]
[4]Yu H Y,Zhao X Y.Modeling study on the target strength of anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)[J].Applied Acoustics,2007,26(5):267-276[于海圆,赵宪勇.鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)目标强度的模型法研究.应用声学,2007,26(5):267-276]
[5]Foote K G.Averaging of fish target strength functions[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,67(2):504-515
[6]Love R H.Maximum side‐aspect target strength of an individual fish[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1969,46(3):746-752
[7]Luan Y,Guan C T,Shi X T,et al.The Relationship between acoustic backscattering property and weight and body length of big yellow croaker and black rockfish[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2011,32(2):47-52[栾洋,关长涛,石晓天,等.大黄鱼和许氏平鲉声反射特征与体重和体长关系的研究.渔业科学进展,2011,32(2):47-52]
[8]Sawada K,Takahashi H,Abe K,et al.Target-strength,length,and tilt-angle measurements of Pacific saury(Cololabis saira)and Japanese anchovy(Engraulis japonicus)using an acoustic-optical system[J].Ices Journal of Marine Science,2009,66(6):1212-1218
[9]Love R H.Measurements of fish target strength:a review[J].Fish Bull,1971a,69(4):703-715
[10]Zhao X Y,Chen Y Z.In situ target strength measurements on walleye pollock(Theragra chalcogramma Palas)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1996,(4):19-27[赵宪勇,陈毓桢.狭鳕(Theragra chalcogramma Palas)目标强度的现场测定.中国水产科学,1996,(4):19-27]
[11]Chen B G,Li N N,Chen P M,et al.Target strength measurements of pearl-spotted spinefoot(Siganus oramin)in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(6):1293-1299[陈国宝,李娜娜,陈丕茂,等.南海黄斑蓝子鱼的目标强度测量研究.中国水产科学,2010,17(6):1293-1299]
[12]Ren Y Q,Wang K,Duan X B,et al.In situ hydroacoustic estimates of the target strength and behavior characteristics of Aristichthys nobilis[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(2):3-9[任玉芹,王珂,段辛斌,等.鳙目标强度和行为特征的水声学研究.淡水渔业,2011,41(2):3-9]
[13]Brawn V M.Physical properties and hydrostatic function of the Swimbladder of herring(Clupea harengus L.)[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,2011,19(4):635-656
[14]Fisheries Bureau the Ministry of Agriculture.People’s Republic of China Fisheries Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.2017[农业部渔业局编制.中国渔业统计年鉴.中国农业出版社.2017]
[15]Liu J K.Advanced Aquatic Biology[M].Beijing:Science Press.1999,283-283[刘建康.高级水生生物学.北京:科学出版社.1999,283-283]
[16]Foote K G.Fish target strengths for use in echo integrator surveys[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1987,82:981-987
[17]Foote K G.On representing the length-dependence of acoustic target strengths of fish[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1979,36(12):1490-1496
[18]Love R H.Dorsal-Aspect Target Strength of an Individual Fish[J].The Journal of the Ame-rica Society of America,1971,49(3):816-823
[19]Frouzova J,Kubecka J,Balk H,et al.Target strength of some European fish species and its dependence on fish body parameters[J].Fisheries Research,2005,75(1-3):86-96
[20]Frouzova J,Kubecka J,Mrkvicka T.Differences in acoustic target strength pattern between fish with onechambered and two-chambered swimbladder during rotation in the horizontal plane[J].Fisheries Research,2011,109(1):114-118
[21]Foote K G.Importance of the swimbladder in acoustic scattering by fish:A comparison of gadoid and mackerel target strengths[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,67(6):2084-2089
[22]Kubecka J,Duncan A.Acoustic size vs.real size relationships for common species of riverine fish[J].Fisheries Research,1998,35(1):115-125
[23]Medwin H,Clay C S.Chapter 7-sound scattered by a body[J].Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography,1998:234-286
[24]Zhang H J,Yang D G,Wei Q W,et al.Hydro acoustic survey on fishes in the reach from Gezhouba Dam to Gulaobei of the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2007,16(1):86-91[张慧杰,杨德国,危起伟,等.葛洲坝至古老背江段鱼类的水声学调查.长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(1):86-91]