短蛸的早期生长特征
|
摘要
对孵化后1～50日龄短蛸(Octopusocellatus)幼体的体重、全长、腕长及胴长进行测量,观察并分析其早期生长变化特征。在水温为22℃～24℃的养殖条件下,初孵短蛸平均全长为10.03 mm。11日龄幼体开始营底栖生活,以此为分界线划分为浮游期和底栖期。结果显示,1～11日龄浮游短蛸体重增长为立方函数增长类型,y=0.0001x~3–0.0019x~2+0.0098x+0.0409;11～50日龄的底栖短蛸体重增长为指数函数增长类型,y=0.0284e~(0.092x)。在1～50日龄短蛸幼体的生长过程中,体重(g)与全长(mm)呈立方函数关系,y=–8e–07x~3+0.001x~2–0.011x+0.099;全长(mm)与腕长(mm)呈线性关系,y=1.314x+4.952;体重、全长及腕长分别与日龄呈立方函数关系,y=6e–05x~3–0.003x~2+0.036x–0.03、y=0.0004x~3+0.002x~2+0.307x+10.604、y=0.0004x~3–0.007x~2+0.364x+4.205。通过研究短蛸幼体的生长发育特征,从而加深了对幼体生长的了解,并为短蛸人工繁育的研究提供参考依据。
The early growth characteristics of Octopus ocellatus larvae raised under culture conditions were analyzed. Ten larvae were sampled at different periods from post-hatching to when larvae were 50-days-old, and their body weight, total length, arm length, and mantle length were measured. We described the growth characteristics of O. ocellatus, to define the different phases characterizing this species' post-hatching development. The larval stages of O. ocellatus were divided into a planktonic stage and a benthic stage, with benthic life beginning at the age of 11 d. At water temperatures of 22℃～24℃,the cultured larvae could grow from an average total length of 10.03 mm on the first day post-hatching to a benthic octopus with an average length of 16.21 mm by the 11th day post-hatching. The results showed that the body weight of planktonic O. ocellatus increased with time according to a cubic function, the equation of which was: y = 0.0001 x~3 – 0.0019 x~2 + 0.0098 x + 0.0409. On the other hand, benthic O. ocellatus body weight increased according to an exponential function, the equation of which was: y =0.0284 e~(0.092x). The total length of O. ocellatus larvae exhibited a cubic relationship with body weight, the equation of which was: y = –8 e–07 x~3 + 0.001 x~2 – 0.011 x + 0.099. Total length was linearly related with arm length, as represented by the equation: y = 1.314 x + 4.952. Body weight, total length, and arm length exhibited cubic growth functions over time, as represented by the equations: y = 6 e–05 x~3 – 0.003 x~2 +0.036 x – 0.03, y = 0.0004 x~3 + 0.002 x~2 + 0.307 x + 10.604, and y = 0.0004 x~3 – 0.007 x~2 + 0.364 x + 4.205,respectively. The larval body is transparent, and the visceral mass of the larva is a golden color during the first day post-hatching. As the individual grows, the color deepens to a yellowish brown. Newly hatched O. ocellatus usually have 14 to 16 suckers, and with the constant growth of the larval wrist the number of wrist suckers gradually increases. The new suckers appear at the end of the wrist, each beginning as a small, raised bulge that then increases in size until a new sucker is formed.
The early growth characteristics of Octopus ocellatus larvae raised under culture conditions were analyzed. Ten larvae were sampled at different periods from post-hatching to when larvae were 50-days-old, and their body weight, total length, arm length, and mantle length were measured. We described the growth characteristics of O. ocellatus, to define the different phases characterizing this species' post-hatching development. The larval stages of O. ocellatus were divided into a planktonic stage and a benthic stage, with benthic life beginning at the age of 11 d. At water temperatures of 22℃～24℃,the cultured larvae could grow from an average total length of 10.03 mm on the first day post-hatching to a benthic octopus with an average length of 16.21 mm by the 11th day post-hatching. The results showed that the body weight of planktonic O. ocellatus increased with time according to a cubic function, the equation of which was: y = 0.0001 x~3 – 0.0019 x~2 + 0.0098 x + 0.0409. On the other hand, benthic O. ocellatus body weight increased according to an exponential function, the equation of which was: y =0.0284 e~(0.092x). The total length of O. ocellatus larvae exhibited a cubic relationship with body weight, the equation of which was: y = –8 e–07 x~3 + 0.001 x~2 – 0.011 x + 0.099. Total length was linearly related with arm length, as represented by the equation: y = 1.314 x + 4.952. Body weight, total length, and arm length exhibited cubic growth functions over time, as represented by the equations: y = 6 e–05 x~3 – 0.003 x~2 +0.036 x – 0.03, y = 0.0004 x~3 + 0.002 x~2 + 0.307 x + 10.604, and y = 0.0004 x~3 – 0.007 x~2 + 0.364 x + 4.205,respectively. The larval body is transparent, and the visceral mass of the larva is a golden color during the first day post-hatching. As the individual grows, the color deepens to a yellowish brown. Newly hatched O. ocellatus usually have 14 to 16 suckers, and with the constant growth of the larval wrist the number of wrist suckers gradually increases. The new suckers appear at the end of the wrist, each beginning as a small, raised bulge that then increases in size until a new sucker is formed.
引文
Bidder AM.Feeding and digestion in cephalopods.Physiology of Mollusca,1966,39(3):97-124
Cai RX.Zoology molluscs of Zhejiang.Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,1991,302[蔡如星.浙江动物志·软体动物.杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1991,302]
Chen DH,Qiu HM.Surface microstructures of suckers and their endoskeletons in cephalopods as revealed by SEM.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2014,49(5):736-743[陈道海,邱海梅.头足类腕上吸盘和内壳扫描电镜观察.动物学杂志,2014,49(5):736-743]
Dong G.The basic biological studies on the artificial reproduction of Octopus ocellatus.Master’s Thesis of Ocean University of China,2014[董根.短蛸人工繁育过程中的基础生物学研究.中国海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2014]
He T,Xiao ZZ,Liu QH,et al.Allometric growth in rock bream larvae(Oplegnathus fasciatus Temminck et Schlegel 1844).Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(8):1242-1248[何滔,肖志忠,刘清华,等.条石鲷早期发育阶段的生长模式.水产学报,2012,36(8):1242-1248]
Iglesias J,Fuentes L.Octopus vulgaris.paralarval culture.cephalopod culture.Springer Netherlands,2014:427-450
Kier WM,Smith AM.The morphology and mechanics of octopus suckers.Biological Bulletin,1990,178(2):126-136
Lei SH,Zhang XM,Zhang PD,et al.Early development of golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(1):37-43[雷舒涵,张秀梅,张沛东,等.金乌贼的早期生长发育特征.中国水产科学,2014,21(1):37-43]
Li D,Liu CL,Li A,et al.Principal component analysis of the morphometric traits of the cuttlebone of Sepia esculenta at early developmental stages.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(5):41-49[李达,刘长琳,李昂,等.金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)早期发育阶段内壳形态学指标的主成分分析.渔业科学进展,2017,38(5):41-49]
Lin XZ,Zheng XD,Su YQ,et al.The status and prospect of octopus culture biology:A review.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2006,45(S2):213-218[林祥志,郑小东,苏永全,等.蛸类养殖生物学研究现状及展望.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,45(S2):213-218]
Liu ZS.Studies on fundamental biology and artificial reproductive technique of Octopus vulgaris.Master’s Thesis of Ocean University of China,2013[刘兆胜.真蛸基础生物学和繁育技术研究.中国海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2013]
Mangold K,Boletzky SV.New data on reproductive biology and growth of Octopus vulgaris.Marine Biology,1973,19(1):7-12
Moguel C,MascaróM,Avila-Poveda OH,et al.Morphological,physiological and behavioural changes during post-hatching development of Octopus maya(Mollusca:Cephalopoda)with special focus on the digestive system.Aquatic Biology,2010,9(1):35-48
Fernández-Gago Raquel,Martin H,Heidemarie G,et al.3DReconstruction of the Digestive System in Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797 Embryos and Paralarvae during the First Month of Life.Frontiers in Physiology,2017(8):462
Shan XJ,Dou SZ.Allometric growth of croaker miichthys miiuy larvae and juveniles and its ecological implication.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(6):714-719[单秀娟,窦硕增.鱼(Miichthys miiuy)仔、稚鱼发育生长方式及其生态学意义.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(6):714-719]
Voight JR.Ligula length and courtship in octopus digueti:A potential mechanism of mate choice.Evolution,1991,45(7):1726-1730
Wang WJ,Yang JM,Zhou QL,et al.Reproductive behavior and process of embryonic development of Octopus ocellatus.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(6):1157-1162[王卫军,杨建敏,周全利,等.短蛸繁殖行为及胚胎发育过程.中国水产科学,2010,17(6):1157-1162]
Wang WJ,Dong G,Li HJ,et al.Feeding behavior of larval Amphioctopus fangsiao and the effect of different diets on its growth and survival.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(6):100-106[王卫军,董根,李焕军,等.短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)幼体摄食行为和不同饵料对其生长、存活的影响.渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):100-106]
Ye SJ,Zhou JW,Yang MX,et al.Exploitation of cephalopod resources in the world and development suggestion.Journal of Modern Fisheries Information,2014,29(1):11-17[叶守建,周劲望,杨铭霞,等.全球头足类资源开发现状分析及发展建议.渔业信息与战略,2014,29(1):11-17]
Zheng XD,Liu ZS,Zhao N,et al.Embryonic development and paralarval growth of Octopus vulgaris.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2011,42(2):317-323[郑小东,刘兆胜,赵娜,等.真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)胚胎发育及浮游期幼体生长研究.海洋与湖沼,2011,42(2):317-323]
Cai RX.Zoology molluscs of Zhejiang.Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,1991,302[蔡如星.浙江动物志·软体动物.杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1991,302]
Chen DH,Qiu HM.Surface microstructures of suckers and their endoskeletons in cephalopods as revealed by SEM.Chinese Journal of Zoology,2014,49(5):736-743[陈道海,邱海梅.头足类腕上吸盘和内壳扫描电镜观察.动物学杂志,2014,49(5):736-743]
Dong G.The basic biological studies on the artificial reproduction of Octopus ocellatus.Master’s Thesis of Ocean University of China,2014[董根.短蛸人工繁育过程中的基础生物学研究.中国海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2014]
He T,Xiao ZZ,Liu QH,et al.Allometric growth in rock bream larvae(Oplegnathus fasciatus Temminck et Schlegel 1844).Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(8):1242-1248[何滔,肖志忠,刘清华,等.条石鲷早期发育阶段的生长模式.水产学报,2012,36(8):1242-1248]
Iglesias J,Fuentes L.Octopus vulgaris.paralarval culture.cephalopod culture.Springer Netherlands,2014:427-450
Kier WM,Smith AM.The morphology and mechanics of octopus suckers.Biological Bulletin,1990,178(2):126-136
Lei SH,Zhang XM,Zhang PD,et al.Early development of golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(1):37-43[雷舒涵,张秀梅,张沛东,等.金乌贼的早期生长发育特征.中国水产科学,2014,21(1):37-43]
Li D,Liu CL,Li A,et al.Principal component analysis of the morphometric traits of the cuttlebone of Sepia esculenta at early developmental stages.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(5):41-49[李达,刘长琳,李昂,等.金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)早期发育阶段内壳形态学指标的主成分分析.渔业科学进展,2017,38(5):41-49]
Lin XZ,Zheng XD,Su YQ,et al.The status and prospect of octopus culture biology:A review.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2006,45(S2):213-218[林祥志,郑小东,苏永全,等.蛸类养殖生物学研究现状及展望.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2006,45(S2):213-218]
Liu ZS.Studies on fundamental biology and artificial reproductive technique of Octopus vulgaris.Master’s Thesis of Ocean University of China,2013[刘兆胜.真蛸基础生物学和繁育技术研究.中国海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2013]
Mangold K,Boletzky SV.New data on reproductive biology and growth of Octopus vulgaris.Marine Biology,1973,19(1):7-12
Moguel C,MascaróM,Avila-Poveda OH,et al.Morphological,physiological and behavioural changes during post-hatching development of Octopus maya(Mollusca:Cephalopoda)with special focus on the digestive system.Aquatic Biology,2010,9(1):35-48
Fernández-Gago Raquel,Martin H,Heidemarie G,et al.3DReconstruction of the Digestive System in Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797 Embryos and Paralarvae during the First Month of Life.Frontiers in Physiology,2017(8):462
Shan XJ,Dou SZ.Allometric growth of croaker miichthys miiuy larvae and juveniles and its ecological implication.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(6):714-719[单秀娟,窦硕增.鱼(Miichthys miiuy)仔、稚鱼发育生长方式及其生态学意义.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(6):714-719]
Voight JR.Ligula length and courtship in octopus digueti:A potential mechanism of mate choice.Evolution,1991,45(7):1726-1730
Wang WJ,Yang JM,Zhou QL,et al.Reproductive behavior and process of embryonic development of Octopus ocellatus.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(6):1157-1162[王卫军,杨建敏,周全利,等.短蛸繁殖行为及胚胎发育过程.中国水产科学,2010,17(6):1157-1162]
Wang WJ,Dong G,Li HJ,et al.Feeding behavior of larval Amphioctopus fangsiao and the effect of different diets on its growth and survival.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(6):100-106[王卫军,董根,李焕军,等.短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)幼体摄食行为和不同饵料对其生长、存活的影响.渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):100-106]
Ye SJ,Zhou JW,Yang MX,et al.Exploitation of cephalopod resources in the world and development suggestion.Journal of Modern Fisheries Information,2014,29(1):11-17[叶守建,周劲望,杨铭霞,等.全球头足类资源开发现状分析及发展建议.渔业信息与战略,2014,29(1):11-17]
Zheng XD,Liu ZS,Zhao N,et al.Embryonic development and paralarval growth of Octopus vulgaris.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2011,42(2):317-323[郑小东,刘兆胜,赵娜,等.真蛸(Octopus vulgaris)胚胎发育及浮游期幼体生长研究.海洋与湖沼,2011,42(2):317-323]