山区城镇地质灾害调查与风险评价方法及实践
|
摘要
山区城镇化、新农村建设、乡村振兴和脱贫攻坚大都面临着地质灾害的威胁,开展大比例尺地质灾害调查和风险评价,从源头控制地质灾害风险具有重要的战略意义。笔者在试点调查与评价的基础上,提出了一套山区城镇地质灾害调查与风险评价的思路和技术方法。山区城镇地质灾害调查与风险评价按照目的和比例尺精度的不同可分为3个层次:①区域远程地质灾害调查与风险评价,评价山区城镇遭受远程地质灾害的可能性,比例尺为1∶50 000。②城区地质灾害调查与风险评价,调查山区城镇周边区域每个斜坡和沟谷,评价其变形失稳的可能性及危害程度,比例尺为1∶10 000。③场地地质灾害调查与风险评价,评价重大工程建设、旅游景点等重要场地周边斜坡和沟谷变形破坏的可能性及危害程度,比例尺为1∶5 000～1∶2 000。对每个层次地质灾害调查与风险评价的内容、方法和过程进行了阐述,并以陕南秦巴山区和陕北黄土高原区典型山区城镇为研究区,建立了山区城镇地质灾害调查与风险评价应用示范。
Mountainous urbanization,new rural construction,rural revitalization and poverty alleviation are facing the threat of geo-hazards.It has a great strategic significance to carry out large-scale geo-hazards investigation and risk assessment to control geo-hazards risks from their source.Based on the pilot survey and assessment,this paper puts forward a set of ideas and technical methods for the investigation and risk assessment of geo-hazards in mountainous towns.Investigation and risk assessment of geo-hazards in mountain towns can be divided into 3 levels according to the purpose and scale accuracy.①Investigation and risk assessment of regional remote geo-hazards,assessing the possibility of remote geohazards in mountainous towns,at scale of 1∶50,000.②Investigation and risk assessment of urban geo-hazards to investigate and assess the possibility and consequence of deformation and instability of surveying each slope and valley in the surrounding areas of mountain towns,with a scale of 1∶10,000.③Investigation and risk assessment of important site geo-hazards to assess the possibility and consequence of deformation and damage of slopes and valleys around important sites,such as major construction projects and tourist attractions and evaluating the possibility of instability and the degree of damage.with scale range from 1∶5,000 to 1∶2,000.Each level has been explained in this paper from the aspects of contents,methods and processes of geo-hazards investigation and risk assessment.Taking the typical mountainous towns the Qinba Mountain Area in Southern Shaanxi and Loess Plateau Area in Northern Shaanxi,as the study areas the demonstrative application demonstration of geo-hazards investigation and risk assessment in mountainous towns was established.
Mountainous urbanization,new rural construction,rural revitalization and poverty alleviation are facing the threat of geo-hazards.It has a great strategic significance to carry out large-scale geo-hazards investigation and risk assessment to control geo-hazards risks from their source.Based on the pilot survey and assessment,this paper puts forward a set of ideas and technical methods for the investigation and risk assessment of geo-hazards in mountainous towns.Investigation and risk assessment of geo-hazards in mountain towns can be divided into 3 levels according to the purpose and scale accuracy.①Investigation and risk assessment of regional remote geo-hazards,assessing the possibility of remote geohazards in mountainous towns,at scale of 1∶50,000.②Investigation and risk assessment of urban geo-hazards to investigate and assess the possibility and consequence of deformation and instability of surveying each slope and valley in the surrounding areas of mountain towns,with a scale of 1∶10,000.③Investigation and risk assessment of important site geo-hazards to assess the possibility and consequence of deformation and damage of slopes and valleys around important sites,such as major construction projects and tourist attractions and evaluating the possibility of instability and the degree of damage.with scale range from 1∶5,000 to 1∶2,000.Each level has been explained in this paper from the aspects of contents,methods and processes of geo-hazards investigation and risk assessment.Taking the typical mountainous towns the Qinba Mountain Area in Southern Shaanxi and Loess Plateau Area in Northern Shaanxi,as the study areas the demonstrative application demonstration of geo-hazards investigation and risk assessment in mountainous towns was established.
引文
张茂省,唐亚明.地质灾害风险调查的方法与实践[J].地质通报,2008,27(8):1205-1216.ZHANG Maosheng,TANG Yaming.Risk investigation method and practice of geohazards[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(8):1205-1216.
张茂省,李林,唐亚明,等.基于风险理念的黄土滑坡调查与编图研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(1):43-51.ZHANG Maosheng,LI Lin,TANG Yaming,et al.Risk management based landslide investigation and mapping in loess area[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(1):43-51.
张丽君.法国滑坡灾害风险预防管理政策[J].国土资源情报,2006,(10):13-18.ZHANG Lijun.Risk prevention management policy of landslide disaster in France[J].Land and Resources Information,2006,(10):13-18.
唐亚明,张茂省,李政国,等.国内外地质灾害风险管理对比及评述[J].西北地质,2015,48(2):238-246.TANG Yaming,ZHANG Maosheng,LI Zhengguo,et al.Review and comparison on inland and overseas geohazards risk management[J].Northwestern Geology,2015,48(2):238-246.
薛强,张茂省,孙萍萍,等.基于多期DEM和滑坡强度的滑坡风险评估[J].地质通报,2013,32(6):925-934.XUE Qiang,ZHANG Maosheng,SUN Pingping,et al.Landslide risk assessment based on multi-period DEM and activity intensity[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2013,32(6):925-934.
薛强,曾庆铭,徐继伟.都江堰市龙池镇煤炭坪泥石流形成条件及特征[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(2):115-121.XUE Qiang,ZENG Qingming,XU Jiwei.Formation conditions and characteristics of Meitanping gully debris flow in Longchi Town,Dujiangyan,City[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2015,24(2):115-121.
中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准(DZ/T0220-2006),北京:中国标准出版社出版,2006.Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China.Specification of geological investigation for debris flow stabilization[S].Industry standard of geology and mineral resources of the People's Republic of China(DZ/T 0220-2006),Beijing:China Standards Press,2006.
张茂省.延安宝塔区滑坡崩塌地质灾害[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.ZHANG M S.Landslide geo-hazard in Baota District,Yan'an[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
刘希林,唐川,朱静,等.泥石流危险范围的流域背景预测法[J].自然灾害学报,1992,1(3):56-67.LIU Xilin,TANG Chuan,ZHU Jing,et al.The drainage background forecast on the risk range of debris flow[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1992,1(3):56-67.
JIBSON R W,HARP E L,MICHAEL J A.A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):271-289.
CASCINI L,BONNARD Ch,COROMINAS J,et al.Landslide hazard and risk zoning for urban planning and development[A]//Hungr O,Fell R,Couture R,et al.Landslide Risk Management[C].The International Conference on Landslide Risk Management,Vancouver,Canada,31May-3June,2005,199-235.
HUNGR O,FELL R,COUTURE R,et al.Landslide Risk Management[M].The International Conference on Landslide Risk Management,Vancouver,Canada,31May-3June,2005.
FELL R,HO K K S,LACASSE S,et al.A framework for landslide risk assessment and management[A]//Hungr O,Fell R,Couture R,et al.Landslide Risk Management[C].The International Conference on Landslide Risk Management,Vancouver,Canada,31May-3June,2005.
张茂省,李林,唐亚明,等.基于风险理念的黄土滑坡调查与编图研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(1):43-51.ZHANG Maosheng,LI Lin,TANG Yaming,et al.Risk management based landslide investigation and mapping in loess area[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(1):43-51.
张丽君.法国滑坡灾害风险预防管理政策[J].国土资源情报,2006,(10):13-18.ZHANG Lijun.Risk prevention management policy of landslide disaster in France[J].Land and Resources Information,2006,(10):13-18.
唐亚明,张茂省,李政国,等.国内外地质灾害风险管理对比及评述[J].西北地质,2015,48(2):238-246.TANG Yaming,ZHANG Maosheng,LI Zhengguo,et al.Review and comparison on inland and overseas geohazards risk management[J].Northwestern Geology,2015,48(2):238-246.
薛强,张茂省,孙萍萍,等.基于多期DEM和滑坡强度的滑坡风险评估[J].地质通报,2013,32(6):925-934.XUE Qiang,ZHANG Maosheng,SUN Pingping,et al.Landslide risk assessment based on multi-period DEM and activity intensity[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2013,32(6):925-934.
薛强,曾庆铭,徐继伟.都江堰市龙池镇煤炭坪泥石流形成条件及特征[J].自然灾害学报,2015,24(2):115-121.XUE Qiang,ZENG Qingming,XU Jiwei.Formation conditions and characteristics of Meitanping gully debris flow in Longchi Town,Dujiangyan,City[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2015,24(2):115-121.
中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准(DZ/T0220-2006),北京:中国标准出版社出版,2006.Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China.Specification of geological investigation for debris flow stabilization[S].Industry standard of geology and mineral resources of the People's Republic of China(DZ/T 0220-2006),Beijing:China Standards Press,2006.
张茂省.延安宝塔区滑坡崩塌地质灾害[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.ZHANG M S.Landslide geo-hazard in Baota District,Yan'an[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
刘希林,唐川,朱静,等.泥石流危险范围的流域背景预测法[J].自然灾害学报,1992,1(3):56-67.LIU Xilin,TANG Chuan,ZHU Jing,et al.The drainage background forecast on the risk range of debris flow[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1992,1(3):56-67.
JIBSON R W,HARP E L,MICHAEL J A.A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):271-289.
CASCINI L,BONNARD Ch,COROMINAS J,et al.Landslide hazard and risk zoning for urban planning and development[A]//Hungr O,Fell R,Couture R,et al.Landslide Risk Management[C].The International Conference on Landslide Risk Management,Vancouver,Canada,31May-3June,2005,199-235.
HUNGR O,FELL R,COUTURE R,et al.Landslide Risk Management[M].The International Conference on Landslide Risk Management,Vancouver,Canada,31May-3June,2005.
FELL R,HO K K S,LACASSE S,et al.A framework for landslide risk assessment and management[A]//Hungr O,Fell R,Couture R,et al.Landslide Risk Management[C].The International Conference on Landslide Risk Management,Vancouver,Canada,31May-3June,2005.