月桂叶精油的3种制备方法比较及应用
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摘要
采用超临界CO2萃取、亚临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏法分别制备月桂叶精油,采用正交试验分别优化超临界CO2和亚临界CO2萃取月桂叶精油工艺条件,采用GC/MS法分析3种精油的化学成分,并进行卷烟加香试验。结果表明:1超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为萃取压力30 MPa、萃取时间1h、萃取温度55℃,月桂叶精油得率为2.37%;亚临界CO2萃取最佳条件为萃取压力20 MPa、萃取时间1 h、萃取温度15℃,月桂叶精油得率为2.16%;二者得率均明显高于水蒸气蒸馏法(1.25%)。2超临界CO2萃取月桂叶精油共检测出66种致香成分,主要为1,8-桉叶油素(16.43%)、a-乙酸松油酯(15.68%)、芳樟醇(12.84%)等;亚临界CO2萃取月桂叶精油共检测出62种致香成分,主要为1,8-桉叶油素(17.22%)、a-乙酸松油酯(16.11%)、芳樟醇(11.84%)等;水蒸气蒸馏月桂叶精油检测出49种致香成分,主要为1,8-桉叶油素(18.39%)、a-乙酸松油酯(15.60%)、芳樟醇(9.60%)等。3超临界CO2和亚临界CO2萃取月桂叶精油在改善香气质、刺激性、余味方面效果相当,且均优于水蒸气蒸馏月桂叶精油。
The essential oils extracted from laurel leaf with three methods(supercritical CO2 extraction,subcritical CO2 extraction and steam distillation) were added into cigarettes as a flavor separately. The chemical components in the essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS, and the technical parameters in supercritical and subcritical CO2 extraction were optimized with orthogonal experiments. The results showed that: 1)The yield of essential oil reached 2.37% under the optimized parameters of supercritical CO2 extraction, 55 ℃, 30 MPa, extracting for 1 hour; the yield of essential oil was 2.16% under the optimized parameters of subcritical CO2 extraction, 15 ℃, 20 MPa, extracting for 1 hour. The yield of essential oil extracted by steam distillation was 1.25%. 2) 66, 62 and 49 aroma components were identified in theessential oils obtained by supercritical, subcritical CO2 extraction and steam distillation, respectively;the major components were 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, linalool, their proportions in the essential oils by supercritical CO2 extraction were 16.43%, 15.68%, 12.84%; by subcritical CO2 extraction were 17.22%,16.11%, 11.84%; and by steam distillation were 18.39%, 15.60%, 9.60%, respectively. 3)The essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction were comparable to that by subcritical CO2 extraction, and were superior to that by steam distillation in terms of improving aroma quality and aftertaste and reducing irritancy of cigarette smoke.
The essential oils extracted from laurel leaf with three methods(supercritical CO2 extraction,subcritical CO2 extraction and steam distillation) were added into cigarettes as a flavor separately. The chemical components in the essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS, and the technical parameters in supercritical and subcritical CO2 extraction were optimized with orthogonal experiments. The results showed that: 1)The yield of essential oil reached 2.37% under the optimized parameters of supercritical CO2 extraction, 55 ℃, 30 MPa, extracting for 1 hour; the yield of essential oil was 2.16% under the optimized parameters of subcritical CO2 extraction, 15 ℃, 20 MPa, extracting for 1 hour. The yield of essential oil extracted by steam distillation was 1.25%. 2) 66, 62 and 49 aroma components were identified in theessential oils obtained by supercritical, subcritical CO2 extraction and steam distillation, respectively;the major components were 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, linalool, their proportions in the essential oils by supercritical CO2 extraction were 16.43%, 15.68%, 12.84%; by subcritical CO2 extraction were 17.22%,16.11%, 11.84%; and by steam distillation were 18.39%, 15.60%, 9.60%, respectively. 3)The essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction were comparable to that by subcritical CO2 extraction, and were superior to that by steam distillation in terms of improving aroma quality and aftertaste and reducing irritancy of cigarette smoke.
引文
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[14]刘波,鲍峰伟,潘文亮,等.水蒸气蒸馏和超临界CO2萃取橘皮精油及应用[J].烟草科技,2014(9):52-56.
[15]程健,申文忠,刘以红.天然产物超临界CO2萃取[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2009.
[2]刘汉丽,石红梅,丁考仁青,等.天然保鲜剂对冷却牦牛肉的保鲜效果研究[J].中国牛业科学,2009,35(3):11-14.
[3]Biondi D,Cianci P,Geraci C,et al.Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils from silican aromatic plants[J].Flavor Fragrance,1993,8(6):331-337.
[4]谢剑平.国内外烟用添加剂法律法规汇编[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012:238.
[5]苗红林,翁新楚.月桂叶香气成分的初步分析[J].上海大学学报:自然科学版,2009,15(3):326-330.
[6]林正奎,华映芳,龚国萍,等.月桂叶精油成分及逐月动态变化[J].植物学报,1990,32(11):878-882.
[7]苗红林.葡萄糖与谷氨酸钠的Maillard反应中及月桂叶中的挥发性风味物质的分析[D].上海:上海大学,2008:51-56.
[8]李荣,盖旭,姜子涛.天然调味香料月桂精油化学成分的研究[J].中国调味品,2011,36(11):98-101.
[9]谢亚楠,姜子涛,李荣.调味香辛料月桂挥发油的研究进展[J].中国调味品,2014,39(3):136-140.
[10]杨靖,周长春,毛多斌.超临界萃取技术在烟草成分分离中的应用[J].郑州轻工业学院学报:自然科学版,2005,20(2):11-13.
[11]郭勇,黄天述,陈乾平,等.亚临界CO2萃取不同产地八角果实化学成分的GC-MS分析[J].天然产物研究与开发,2008,20(5):17-22.
[12]谭伟,丘泰球.超声场对亚临界CO2萃取葵花籽油的影响[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2007,39(3):72-77.
[13]胡文效,渊辛华,张树明,等.亚临界CO2萃取玫瑰油工艺的研究[J].山东食品发酵,2005(2):16-19.
[14]刘波,鲍峰伟,潘文亮,等.水蒸气蒸馏和超临界CO2萃取橘皮精油及应用[J].烟草科技,2014(9):52-56.
[15]程健,申文忠,刘以红.天然产物超临界CO2萃取[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2009.