层出镰孢高效杀菌剂筛选及田间防效
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摘要
玉米鞘腐病是玉米上的一种重要鞘部病害,其病原主要为层出镰孢。为筛选该病的有效防治药剂,本研究选取9种杀菌剂进行了室内毒力测定,并对效果较好的药剂进行了田间防治试验。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、苯甲·嘧菌酯、咪鲜胺、硅唑·咪鲜胺对层出镰孢均有一定的抑制效果,其中苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺和硅唑·咪鲜胺对层出镰孢具有较好的防治效果,其EC50值分别为2.16,1.59,0.01,0.01mg/L;对孢子萌发的抑制率分别为6.57%,9.09%,59.09%,58.08%;田间防效分别达55.72%,62.54%,52.32%和45.51%,挽回玉米产量损失率分别为2.61%,0.39%,8.45%,10.15%。综合上述结果可知,上述4种杀菌剂对玉米鞘腐病防效显著,可作为防治该病的备选药剂。
Corn sheath rot is an important sheath disease,and the main pathogen is Fusarium proliferatum.In order to screen out the effective fungicides to this disease,nine chemical fungicides were used to study the toxicity to F.proliferatumin the laboratory,and the field efficacy experiments were then conducted.The results showed that F.proliferatum was inhibited under six treatments out of the nine fungicides,namely difenoconazole,pyraclostrob-in,kresoxim-methyl,prochloraz,flusilazole prochloraz and carbendazim flusilazole,and the treatments of difenoconazole,pyraclostrobin,prochloraz and flusilazole prochloraz had preferable effects.The EC50 values of these four treatments were 2.16,1.59,0.01,and 0.01mg/L,respectively.The inhibition rates of spore germination were 6.57%,9.09%,59.09%,and58.08 %,respectively.The control effects in fields were 55.72%,55.72%,52.32% and45.51%,respectively.The retrieved yield loss rates were 2.61%,0.39%,8.45%and 10.15%,respectively.The results showed that the above four fungicides may be taken as effective preventing and controlling medicaments to corn sheath rot.
Corn sheath rot is an important sheath disease,and the main pathogen is Fusarium proliferatum.In order to screen out the effective fungicides to this disease,nine chemical fungicides were used to study the toxicity to F.proliferatumin the laboratory,and the field efficacy experiments were then conducted.The results showed that F.proliferatum was inhibited under six treatments out of the nine fungicides,namely difenoconazole,pyraclostrob-in,kresoxim-methyl,prochloraz,flusilazole prochloraz and carbendazim flusilazole,and the treatments of difenoconazole,pyraclostrobin,prochloraz and flusilazole prochloraz had preferable effects.The EC50 values of these four treatments were 2.16,1.59,0.01,and 0.01mg/L,respectively.The inhibition rates of spore germination were 6.57%,9.09%,59.09%,and58.08 %,respectively.The control effects in fields were 55.72%,55.72%,52.32% and45.51%,respectively.The retrieved yield loss rates were 2.61%,0.39%,8.45%and 10.15%,respectively.The results showed that the above four fungicides may be taken as effective preventing and controlling medicaments to corn sheath rot.
引文
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[9]黄天述,叶华智,王晓鸣,等.玉米种质资源对纹枯病的抗性鉴定与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005,6(3):291-295.
[10]唐爽爽,刘志恒,余朝阁,等.西瓜种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定及配比试验[J].植物保护,2014,40(6):171-175.
[11]刘霞,杨克强,朱玉凤,等.8种杀菌剂对核桃炭疽病病原菌胶孢炭疽菌的室内毒力[J].农药学学报,2013,15(4):412-420.
[12]孙海燕,李琦,杜文珍,等.不同杀菌剂拌种防治小麦全蚀病研究[J].植物保护,2012,38(3):155-158.
[13]李红霞,刘照云,王建新,等.辣椒炭疽病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性测定[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(1):73-77.
[14]余柯达,路梅,叶美娟,等.茶花和佛手胶孢炭疽菌对不同类型杀菌剂敏感性研究[J].浙江师范大学学报,2014,37(3):334-338.
[15]戴大凯,贾晓静,武东霞,等.小麦赤霉病菌多菌灵抗性群体的扩散路径分析[J].农药学学报,2013,15(3):279-285.
[16]王文桥,马志强,张小风,等.植物病原菌对杀菌剂抗性风险评估[J].农药学学报,2001,3(1):6-11.
[17]Shin J H,Han J H,Lee J K,et al.Characterization of the maize stalk pot pathogens fusarium subglutinans and F.temperatumand the effect of fungicides on their mycelial growth and colony formation[J].The Plant Pathology Journal,2014,30(4):397-406.
[18]Ahemad M,Khan M Sr.Alleviation of fungicide-induced phytotoxicity in greengram[Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek]using fungicide-tolerant and plant growth promoting Pseudomonas strain[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2012,19:451-459.
[2]徐鹏,李浩然,曹志艳,等.玉米抵御鞘腐病菌侵染的生理机制[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(3):261-265.
[3]Zhu Z,Zheng L,Pan L,et al.Identification and characterization of Fusariumspecies associated with wilt of Eleocharis dulcis(Chinese water chestnut)in China[J].Plant Disease,2014,98(7):977-987.
[4]Liu C,Xu W,Liu Fo,et al.Fumonisins production by Fusarium proliferatum strains isolated from asparagus crown[J].Mycopathologia,2007,164(3):127-134.
[5]李浩然,曹志艳,李朋朋,等.玉米生产品种和部分自交系对鞘腐病的抗性筛选初报[J].中国植保导刊,2012,32(7):40-42.
[6]Coma V,Portes E,Gardrat C,et al.In vitro inhibitory effect of tetrahydrocurcuminoids on Fusarium proliferatum growth and fumonisin B1 biosynthesis[J].Food Additives and Contaminants,2011,28(2):218-225.
[7]檀迎会,于波,李志勇,等.一株层出镰刀菌拮抗细菌YM-8的筛选与鉴定[J].华北农学报,2015,30(增刊):287-291.
[8]李朋朋,曹志艳,翟晖,等.防控玉米鞘腐病药剂的筛选及田间防效[J].中国植保导刊,2013,33(11):63-65.
[9]黄天述,叶华智,王晓鸣,等.玉米种质资源对纹枯病的抗性鉴定与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005,6(3):291-295.
[10]唐爽爽,刘志恒,余朝阁,等.西瓜种杀菌剂对西瓜炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定及配比试验[J].植物保护,2014,40(6):171-175.
[11]刘霞,杨克强,朱玉凤,等.8种杀菌剂对核桃炭疽病病原菌胶孢炭疽菌的室内毒力[J].农药学学报,2013,15(4):412-420.
[12]孙海燕,李琦,杜文珍,等.不同杀菌剂拌种防治小麦全蚀病研究[J].植物保护,2012,38(3):155-158.
[13]李红霞,刘照云,王建新,等.辣椒炭疽病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性测定[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(1):73-77.
[14]余柯达,路梅,叶美娟,等.茶花和佛手胶孢炭疽菌对不同类型杀菌剂敏感性研究[J].浙江师范大学学报,2014,37(3):334-338.
[15]戴大凯,贾晓静,武东霞,等.小麦赤霉病菌多菌灵抗性群体的扩散路径分析[J].农药学学报,2013,15(3):279-285.
[16]王文桥,马志强,张小风,等.植物病原菌对杀菌剂抗性风险评估[J].农药学学报,2001,3(1):6-11.
[17]Shin J H,Han J H,Lee J K,et al.Characterization of the maize stalk pot pathogens fusarium subglutinans and F.temperatumand the effect of fungicides on their mycelial growth and colony formation[J].The Plant Pathology Journal,2014,30(4):397-406.
[18]Ahemad M,Khan M Sr.Alleviation of fungicide-induced phytotoxicity in greengram[Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek]using fungicide-tolerant and plant growth promoting Pseudomonas strain[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2012,19:451-459.