一个新的海边光学湍流外尺度和C_n~2的廓线模式
|
摘要
2016年12月13日至2017年1月2日期间,在茂名博贺海洋气象科学实验基地,采用自行研制的湍流气象探空仪,获取了30份海边温、湿、压、风速、风向和C_n~2等探空数据.基于HMNSP99外尺度模式,利用海边的探空数据拟合得到一个茂名大气光学湍流外尺度经验公式.同时对实验测得的高空湍流廓线数据进行统计平均,然后基于Hufnagel-Valley模式拟合得到符合海边湍流廓线规律的统计平均模式(C_n~2sea model).根据Tatarski高空湍流参数化方案,将用茂名外尺度公式估算的C_n~2分别与探空测量的C_n~2以及用其他外尺度模式估算的C_n~2进行了比较.对其进行统计性分析发现,利用新拟合的茂名外尺度公式、HMNSP99,Dewan以及(Coulman等外尺度模式计算的log10C_n~2)与实测值的整体相关系数分别为0.924,0.848,0.763和0.651,在变化趋势和量级上都表现出较好的一致性;以上四种外尺度模式估算结果的误差都很小,其整体平均绝对误差和平均相对误差分别为0.514和2.963%,0.627和3.612%,0.943和5.439%,0.766和4.417%,新拟合的外尺度模式的误差最小.进一步验证了新的海边外尺度和C_n~2廓线模式的可靠性和有效性,此外还发现高空大气光学湍流的发生与风切变和温度梯度具有十分密切的关系,为光电工程在海边场景应用所需的大气光学湍流廓线模式提供支持.
Atmospheric optical turbulence severely restricts the performances of electro-optical systems. The turbulent atmosphere causes the intensity of a light beam to fluctuate or scintillate, leads the light beam to wander and makes the images randomly displace, which directly relates to the refractive index structure parameter C_n~2. Therefore the knowledge of C_n~2is essential to evaluate and to predict the effects of optical turbulence on electro-optical imagery systems.During the period from December 13, 2016 to January 2, 2017, 30 sets of sounding data, which include temperatures,humidities, pressures, wind speeds, wind directions and atmospheric refractive index structure parameters, are obtained by using a self-developed meteorological radiosonde for turbulence at Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base at Bohe of Maoming. On the basis of the HMNSP99 outer scale model, an atmospheric optical turbulence outer scale formula of Maoming is obtained by fitting the sounding data. At the same time, the experimental data of the turbulence profiles are statistically averaged, and then based on the Hufnagel-Valley model, a statistical model is obtained, which is appropriate to the variation of the turbulence profile on the coast. According to Tatarski turbulence parameterization and the Maoming outer scale formula, the new estimated C_n~2values are compared with their experimental observations and the results from other already defined models, respectively. Statistical analysis shows that the overall correlation coefficients of log_(10)(C_n~2) between observed values and estimated values by using the new fitting Maoming outer scale formula, the HMNSP99 model, the Dewan model and the Coulman model are 0.924, 0.848, 0.763 and 0.651, respectively.Also, both the trends and magnitudes for these four outer scale models are consistent with each other. The errors of the above four outer scale models are very small: their overall average absolute errors and average relative errors are 0.514 and 2.963%, 0.627 and 3.612%, 0.943 and 5.439%, 0.766 and 4.417%, respectively, and the error of the Maoming outer scale model is smallest. The reliabilities and validities of the new outer scale and C_n~2models are further verified. In addition, it is found that the occurrence of upper air optical turbulence is closely related to wind shear and temperature gradient. The results support the prediction of the atmospheric optical turbulence profile required for electro-optical engineering on the coast.
Atmospheric optical turbulence severely restricts the performances of electro-optical systems. The turbulent atmosphere causes the intensity of a light beam to fluctuate or scintillate, leads the light beam to wander and makes the images randomly displace, which directly relates to the refractive index structure parameter C_n~2. Therefore the knowledge of C_n~2is essential to evaluate and to predict the effects of optical turbulence on electro-optical imagery systems.During the period from December 13, 2016 to January 2, 2017, 30 sets of sounding data, which include temperatures,humidities, pressures, wind speeds, wind directions and atmospheric refractive index structure parameters, are obtained by using a self-developed meteorological radiosonde for turbulence at Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base at Bohe of Maoming. On the basis of the HMNSP99 outer scale model, an atmospheric optical turbulence outer scale formula of Maoming is obtained by fitting the sounding data. At the same time, the experimental data of the turbulence profiles are statistically averaged, and then based on the Hufnagel-Valley model, a statistical model is obtained, which is appropriate to the variation of the turbulence profile on the coast. According to Tatarski turbulence parameterization and the Maoming outer scale formula, the new estimated C_n~2values are compared with their experimental observations and the results from other already defined models, respectively. Statistical analysis shows that the overall correlation coefficients of log_(10)(C_n~2) between observed values and estimated values by using the new fitting Maoming outer scale formula, the HMNSP99 model, the Dewan model and the Coulman model are 0.924, 0.848, 0.763 and 0.651, respectively.Also, both the trends and magnitudes for these four outer scale models are consistent with each other. The errors of the above four outer scale models are very small: their overall average absolute errors and average relative errors are 0.514 and 2.963%, 0.627 and 3.612%, 0.943 and 5.439%, 0.766 and 4.417%, respectively, and the error of the Maoming outer scale model is smallest. The reliabilities and validities of the new outer scale and C_n~2models are further verified. In addition, it is found that the occurrence of upper air optical turbulence is closely related to wind shear and temperature gradient. The results support the prediction of the atmospheric optical turbulence profile required for electro-optical engineering on the coast.
引文
[1]Song Z F 1990 Applied Atmospheric Optics(Beijing:China Meteorological Press)pp67–70(in Chinese)[宋正方1990应用大气光学基础(北京:气象出版社)第67—70页]
[2]Hutt D L 1999 Opt.Eng.38 1288
[3]Kunz G J,Moerman M M,Eijk A M J V,Dosshammel S M,Tsintikidis D 2004 Proc.SPIE 5237 81
[4]Fried D L 1966 J.Opt.Soc.Am.56 1380
[5]Wyngaard J C,Izumi Y,Stuart A,Collins J R 1971 J.Opt.Soc.Am.61 1646
[6]Hufnagel R E 1974 Topical Meeting on Optical Propagation Through Turbulence Boulder,Colorado,July 9–11,1974 p2453
[7]Beland R R,Brown J H 1988 Phys.Scr.37 419
[8]Coulman C E,Vernin J,Coqueugniot Y,Caccia J L 1988Appl.Opt.27 155
[9]Dewan E M,Good R E,Beland R,Brown J 1993A Model for C2n(Optical Turbulence)Profiles Using Radiosonde Data(Phillips Laboratory,Hanscom AFB MA)Technical report No.PL-TR-93-2043
[10]Vanzandt T E,Gage K S,Warnock J M 1981 Twentieth Conference on Radar Meteorology Boston,1981 p129
[11]Masciadri E,Vernin J,Bougeault P 1999 Astron.Astrophys.Suppl.Ser.137 185
[12]Sun G,Weng N Q,Xiao L M 2008 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 20 183(in Chinese)[孙刚,翁宁泉,肖黎明2008强激光与粒子束20 183]
[13]Qing C,Wu X Q,Li X B,Zhu W Y,Rao R Z,Mei H P2015 Chin.J.Lasers 42 0913001(in Chinese)[青春,吴晓庆,李学彬,朱文越,饶瑞中,梅海平2015中国激光420913001]
[14]Beland R R,Brown J H,Good R E,Murphy E A 1988Optical Turbulence Characterization of AMOS,1985(US Air Force Geophysics Laboratory,Hanscom AFB MA)Technical report No.AFGL-TR-88-0153
[15]Miller M G,Zieske P L 1979 Turbulence Environment Characterization(Rome Air Development Center,Griffiss AFB NY)Technical report No.RADC-TR-79-131
[16]Jams R R,Rockway J W,Stoots L B,Julian A J,Hanson D W 1981 Submarine Laser Communications Evaluation Algorithm(Naval Ocean Systems Center)Technical report No.NOSC-TR-673
[17]Wu X Q,Ma C S,Yuan R M,Zeng Z Y,Wang Y J 2003Chin.J.Quantum Electron.20 375(in Chinese)[吴晓庆,马成胜,袁仁民,曾宗泳,王英俭2003量子电子学报20375]
[18]Tatarski V I 1961 Wave Propagation in A Turbulent Medium(New York:Mc Graw-Hill)pp46–51
[19]Ruggiero F H,Debenedictis D A 2002 DOD High Performance Computer Users Group Conference Austin,Texas,January 13–14,2002 p11
[20]Qing C,Wu X Q,Li X B,Huang H H,Cai J 2015 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27 061009(in Chinese)[青春,吴晓庆,李学彬,黄宏华,蔡俊2015强激光与粒子束27 061009]
[21]Wu X Q,Qian X M,Huang H H,Wang P,Cui C L,Qing C 2014 Acta Astronom.Sin.55 144(in Chinese)[吴晓庆,钱仙妹,黄宏华,汪平,崔朝龙,青春2014天文学报55 144]
[2]Hutt D L 1999 Opt.Eng.38 1288
[3]Kunz G J,Moerman M M,Eijk A M J V,Dosshammel S M,Tsintikidis D 2004 Proc.SPIE 5237 81
[4]Fried D L 1966 J.Opt.Soc.Am.56 1380
[5]Wyngaard J C,Izumi Y,Stuart A,Collins J R 1971 J.Opt.Soc.Am.61 1646
[6]Hufnagel R E 1974 Topical Meeting on Optical Propagation Through Turbulence Boulder,Colorado,July 9–11,1974 p2453
[7]Beland R R,Brown J H 1988 Phys.Scr.37 419
[8]Coulman C E,Vernin J,Coqueugniot Y,Caccia J L 1988Appl.Opt.27 155
[9]Dewan E M,Good R E,Beland R,Brown J 1993A Model for C2n(Optical Turbulence)Profiles Using Radiosonde Data(Phillips Laboratory,Hanscom AFB MA)Technical report No.PL-TR-93-2043
[10]Vanzandt T E,Gage K S,Warnock J M 1981 Twentieth Conference on Radar Meteorology Boston,1981 p129
[11]Masciadri E,Vernin J,Bougeault P 1999 Astron.Astrophys.Suppl.Ser.137 185
[12]Sun G,Weng N Q,Xiao L M 2008 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 20 183(in Chinese)[孙刚,翁宁泉,肖黎明2008强激光与粒子束20 183]
[13]Qing C,Wu X Q,Li X B,Zhu W Y,Rao R Z,Mei H P2015 Chin.J.Lasers 42 0913001(in Chinese)[青春,吴晓庆,李学彬,朱文越,饶瑞中,梅海平2015中国激光420913001]
[14]Beland R R,Brown J H,Good R E,Murphy E A 1988Optical Turbulence Characterization of AMOS,1985(US Air Force Geophysics Laboratory,Hanscom AFB MA)Technical report No.AFGL-TR-88-0153
[15]Miller M G,Zieske P L 1979 Turbulence Environment Characterization(Rome Air Development Center,Griffiss AFB NY)Technical report No.RADC-TR-79-131
[16]Jams R R,Rockway J W,Stoots L B,Julian A J,Hanson D W 1981 Submarine Laser Communications Evaluation Algorithm(Naval Ocean Systems Center)Technical report No.NOSC-TR-673
[17]Wu X Q,Ma C S,Yuan R M,Zeng Z Y,Wang Y J 2003Chin.J.Quantum Electron.20 375(in Chinese)[吴晓庆,马成胜,袁仁民,曾宗泳,王英俭2003量子电子学报20375]
[18]Tatarski V I 1961 Wave Propagation in A Turbulent Medium(New York:Mc Graw-Hill)pp46–51
[19]Ruggiero F H,Debenedictis D A 2002 DOD High Performance Computer Users Group Conference Austin,Texas,January 13–14,2002 p11
[20]Qing C,Wu X Q,Li X B,Huang H H,Cai J 2015 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27 061009(in Chinese)[青春,吴晓庆,李学彬,黄宏华,蔡俊2015强激光与粒子束27 061009]
[21]Wu X Q,Qian X M,Huang H H,Wang P,Cui C L,Qing C 2014 Acta Astronom.Sin.55 144(in Chinese)[吴晓庆,钱仙妹,黄宏华,汪平,崔朝龙,青春2014天文学报55 144]