1949年以前国人对中国苔藓植物的采集与研究史
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摘要
1949年以前中国苔藓植物的采集和研究经历了三个阶段:一是国人随外国人或外国考察团在我国进行的采集历程,代表人物主要有邓培根、王德辉、周蓄源、秦仁昌和刘慎谔.此阶段采集的苔藓植物标本几乎都运到国外各大标本馆,由国外著名苔藓学家鉴定发表;二是我国植物学家在国内进行的零星或有组织的采集历程,代表人物主要有钟观光、钟心煊、钱崇澍、秦仁昌、辛树帜、蒋英和曾怀德.此阶段我国植物学者开始全国范围内广泛采集苔藓植物标本,虽然标本大多还是寄到国外,由国外著名苔藓学家鉴定发表,但是苔藓植物标本基本收藏在国内一些大的研究机构和高校;三是我国苔藓植物学家的专业采集和研究历程,代表人物主要有王启无、陈伯川、杨承元、赵修谦和陈邦杰等学者.其中陈邦杰是唯一坚持研究的中国苔藓学家,共发表新分类群20多个,被誉为"中国苔藓学之父".1949年以前国人共采集苔藓标本近2.5万号,其中静生生物调查所采集约1.5万号,陈邦杰等人采集约1万号.
Three stages in the history of the collection and research on bryophytes in China were experienced before 1949.In the first stage,the Bryophyte specimens were collected mainly by Chinese together with foreigners or foreign delegations,which usually were shipped to foreign museum and identified to be published by famous foreign bryologists.P.G.Ten,T.H.Wang,S.Y.Cheo,R.C.Ching and T.N.Liou were the representative botanists of Chinese in the stage.In the second stage,the early Chinese botanists,representatively by K.K.Tsoong,H.H.Chung,S.S.Chien,R.C.Ching,S.S.Sin,Y.Tsiang and W.T.Tsang began to collect the bryophytes occasionally or organized by themselves in all over the China.Although most of the specimens were sent abroad to be identified and published,the specimens were also kept in some large research institutions and universities of China.In the third stage,the professional collection and research on bryophytes in China initiated by C.W.Wang,P.T.Tschen,C.Y.Yang,H.C.Chao and P.C.Chen et al.Professor P.C.Chen,who published more than 20 new taxa and was the only person devoted his whole life to bryophyte research,was known as "the Father of Chinese Bryophyte".Before the 1949,nearly 25 000 bryophyte specimens were collected,in which 15 000 specimens were collected by the Jingsheng Bio-investigation Institute and about 10 000 specimens were collected by P.C.Chen and his students.
Three stages in the history of the collection and research on bryophytes in China were experienced before 1949.In the first stage,the Bryophyte specimens were collected mainly by Chinese together with foreigners or foreign delegations,which usually were shipped to foreign museum and identified to be published by famous foreign bryologists.P.G.Ten,T.H.Wang,S.Y.Cheo,R.C.Ching and T.N.Liou were the representative botanists of Chinese in the stage.In the second stage,the early Chinese botanists,representatively by K.K.Tsoong,H.H.Chung,S.S.Chien,R.C.Ching,S.S.Sin,Y.Tsiang and W.T.Tsang began to collect the bryophytes occasionally or organized by themselves in all over the China.Although most of the specimens were sent abroad to be identified and published,the specimens were also kept in some large research institutions and universities of China.In the third stage,the professional collection and research on bryophytes in China initiated by C.W.Wang,P.T.Tschen,C.Y.Yang,H.C.Chao and P.C.Chen et al.Professor P.C.Chen,who published more than 20 new taxa and was the only person devoted his whole life to bryophyte research,was known as "the Father of Chinese Bryophyte".Before the 1949,nearly 25 000 bryophyte specimens were collected,in which 15 000 specimens were collected by the Jingsheng Bio-investigation Institute and about 10 000 specimens were collected by P.C.Chen and his students.
引文
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[30] 王启无.关于中国苔藓类植物之研究及其文献 [J].中国植物学杂志,1934,1(4):415-442.
[31] Yang C Y.An enumerotio of moss flora in Chihli province [J].Sci Rep Nat Tsing Hua Univ ser Biol.2,1936(2):111-135.
[32] Chao H C.Studies on the Hepaticea Fukien [J].Coll Pap of Nat Univ of Amoy,1943(1):112.
[33] Chen P C.Musci Sinici Exsiccati Seriesi Ⅰ.Contribuns form the Institute of Biology [J].Graduate School of College of Scieine,National Central University Chungking China,1943(1):1-12.
[34] Chen P C.The Genus Cyathophorllain of China [J].Journ West China Bord Res Soc,1946,16(ser.B):142-148.
[35] 陈邦杰.中国苔藓植物属志(上册) [M].北京:科学出版社,1963:1-304.
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[37] 高谦,张光初.苔藓植物的新属 [J].植物研究,1982,2(4):113-121.
[38] Zander R H.Seven new genera in Pottiaceae (Musci) and a lectotype for Syntrichia [J].Phytologia,1989,65(6):424-436.
[2] 汪振儒.中国植物学史 [M].北京:科学出版社,1994:149-189.
[3] 吴征镒.中国植物志(第一卷) [M].北京:科学出版社,2004:658-703.
[4] 陈邦杰.中国苔藓植物生态群落和地理分布的初步报告 [J].植物分类学报,1958,7(4):271-292.
[5] Herzog Th.Beitrage zur Bryophytenflora von Yünnan [J].Hedwigia,1925,65:147-168.
[6] Handel-Mazzetti H.Symbolae Sinicae.Botanische Ergebnisse der Expedition der Akademie der Wissenschaften in wien nach Südwest-China 1914/1918.IV.Teil.Musci [M].Berlin:Verlag Julius Springer,1929:1-147.
[7] Handel-Mazzeiti H.Symbolae Sinicae.Botanische Ergebnisse der Expedition der Akademie der Wissenschaften in wien nach südwest-China 1914/1918.V.Teil.Hepaticae [M].Julius Springer,1930:1-60.
[8] Brotherus V F Musci novi sinenses,colletia Dre H.Handel-Mazzetti Ⅰ [J].Sitzungsber.Akad.Wien,Wiss Math.Nat.klasse I.Bd.1922,131:209-220.
[9] Brotherus V F Musci novi sinenses,colletia Dre H.Handel-Mazzetti Ⅱ [J].Sitzungsber.Akad.Wien,Wiss Math.Nat.klasse Bd.1924,133:559-584.
[10] Bartram E B.Additions to the mossflora of China [J].Ann Bryol,1935(8):6-21.
[11] Dixon H N.Mosses collected in North China,Mongolia and Tibet,by Rev.Père E.[J].Rev Bryol Lichénd n.s.1928(1):177-191.
[12] Potier dela Varde R.Contribution à la flore bryologique de la Chine [J].Rev Bryol Lichénd n.s.1937(10):136-145.
[13] 朱宗元,梁存柱.钟观光先生的植物采集工作—兼记我国第一个植物标本室的建立 [J].北京大学学报:自然科学版 2005,41(6):825-832.
[14] Theriot M I.Mousses de la China orientale [J].Ann.Cryptog Exot,1932(5):167-189.
[15] Khanna L P.On two species of Anthoceros from China [J].Journ Indian Bot Soc,1938,17:311-323.
[16] 彭涛.中国角苔植物的分类修订和分子系统发育 [D].上海:华东师范大学生命科学学院,2013.
[17] 贾渝,何思.中国生物物种名录(第一卷),植物,苔藓植物 [M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[18] Reimers H.Beity?ge zur Moosflora Chinas [J].Hedwigia,1931,71:1-77.
[19] 万宗玲.中国金发藓科的初步研究 [C]// 中国植物学会30年年会论文摘要汇编,1963:43.
[20] Chen P.C.(陈伯川).Note Preliminarire Siur Les Bryophytes de China [J].Contr Inst Bot Nat Acad Peiping,1936,4(6):301-366.
[21] Brotherus V F.Musci novi asiatici [J].Rev Bryol,1929,56:1-16.
[22] Chen P C.Bryophyta Nova Sinica [J].Fedde Repert Sp Nov Reg Veg,1955,58(1/3):23-52.
[23] Chen P C.Beitrage zur Moosfloro von Hainan Insel [J].Sunyatsenia,1941,6(2):185-194.
[24] 陈邦杰,吴鹏程.中国叶附生苔藓植物的研究(Ⅰ) [J].植物分类学报,1964,9(3):213-276.
[25] Jovet-Ast,S.Le genre Colura Hépatiques.Lejeuneaceae,Diplasiae [J].Rev Bryol Lichénol,1954,22:206-302.
[26] Hattori,S.Studies of the Asiatic species of the genus Porella (Hepaticae).I.Some new or little known Asiatic species of Porella [J].Journ Hattori Bot Lab,1967,30:129-151.
[27] Chen,P.-C.Studien ueber die ostasiatischen Arten der Pottiaceae Ⅰ-Ⅱ [J].Hedwigia,1941,80:1-76,141-322.
[28] 张光初.中国东北地区苔类植物的生态、区系和地理分布 [J].东北林学院学报,1984,12(3):47-52.
[29] 马骥.中国地衣的研究史 [J].北京林学院学报,1981(2):1-18.
[30] 王启无.关于中国苔藓类植物之研究及其文献 [J].中国植物学杂志,1934,1(4):415-442.
[31] Yang C Y.An enumerotio of moss flora in Chihli province [J].Sci Rep Nat Tsing Hua Univ ser Biol.2,1936(2):111-135.
[32] Chao H C.Studies on the Hepaticea Fukien [J].Coll Pap of Nat Univ of Amoy,1943(1):112.
[33] Chen P C.Musci Sinici Exsiccati Seriesi Ⅰ.Contribuns form the Institute of Biology [J].Graduate School of College of Scieine,National Central University Chungking China,1943(1):1-12.
[34] Chen P C.The Genus Cyathophorllain of China [J].Journ West China Bord Res Soc,1946,16(ser.B):142-148.
[35] 陈邦杰.中国苔藓植物属志(上册) [M].北京:科学出版社,1963:1-304.
[36] 陈邦杰.中国苔藓植物属志(下册) [M].北京:科学出版社,1978:1-331.
[37] 高谦,张光初.苔藓植物的新属 [J].植物研究,1982,2(4):113-121.
[38] Zander R H.Seven new genera in Pottiaceae (Musci) and a lectotype for Syntrichia [J].Phytologia,1989,65(6):424-436.