TEGDN含量和NC含氮量对TEGDN/NG混合酯双基推进剂力学性能的影响
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摘要
采用无溶剂法制备了24种不同硝化三乙二醇(TEGDN)含量、不同NC含氮量的双基推进剂样品,并测试了其高温(50℃)、常温(20℃)和低温(-40℃)下的力学性能;讨论了TEGDN含量和NC含氮量对双基推进剂力学性能的影响。结果表明,混合酯双基推进剂的高温和常温抗拉强度随TEGDN含量增加而逐渐下降,在TEGDN质量分数较低(≤7.7%)时,随NC含氮量的升高呈降低趋势,在TEGDN质量分数较高(≥15.4%)时,随NC含氮量的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势;低温抗拉强度随TEGDN含量增加而逐渐升高,随NC含氮量的升高逐渐降低;高温、常温、低温下的断裂延伸率均随TEGDN含量增加逐渐上升,随NC含氮量的升高逐渐下降;提高TEGDN含量可以改善NC的塑化性能,但含氮量12.6%及以上的NC不易被良好塑化。
The 24 kinds of double-base propellant samples with different TEGDN content,as well as NC nitrogen contents,were prepared by solvent-free method,and the mechanical properties at high temperature(50℃),room temperature(20℃)and low temperature(-40℃)were tested.The effect of TEGDN content and NC nitrogen content on the mechanical properties of double-base propellant was discussed.The results show that the tensile strength of mixed ester double-base propellant decreases gradually with the increase of TEGDN contents at the high temperature and room temperature,and when the mass fraction of TEGDN is lower than 7.7%,it shows a downward trend with the increase of nitrogen contents in NC,when the mass fraction of TEGDN is higher than 15.4%,it shows a trend of increase at first and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen contents in NC.The tensile strength of the samples increases gradually with the increase of TEGDN content at low temperature,then decreases gradually with the increase of nitrogen contents in NC.The elongation at break at high temperature,room temperature and low temperature increases gradually with the increase of TEGDN content,and decreases gradually with the increase of nitrogen content in NC.The plasticizing properties of NC can be improved by increasing the amount of TEGDN,but the NC with 12.6% or more nitrogen content can not be well plasticized.
The 24 kinds of double-base propellant samples with different TEGDN content,as well as NC nitrogen contents,were prepared by solvent-free method,and the mechanical properties at high temperature(50℃),room temperature(20℃)and low temperature(-40℃)were tested.The effect of TEGDN content and NC nitrogen content on the mechanical properties of double-base propellant was discussed.The results show that the tensile strength of mixed ester double-base propellant decreases gradually with the increase of TEGDN contents at the high temperature and room temperature,and when the mass fraction of TEGDN is lower than 7.7%,it shows a downward trend with the increase of nitrogen contents in NC,when the mass fraction of TEGDN is higher than 15.4%,it shows a trend of increase at first and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen contents in NC.The tensile strength of the samples increases gradually with the increase of TEGDN content at low temperature,then decreases gradually with the increase of nitrogen contents in NC.The elongation at break at high temperature,room temperature and low temperature increases gradually with the increase of TEGDN content,and decreases gradually with the increase of nitrogen content in NC.The plasticizing properties of NC can be improved by increasing the amount of TEGDN,but the NC with 12.6% or more nitrogen content can not be well plasticized.
引文
[1]谭惠民.固体推进剂化学与技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2015.
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[11]邵自强,Lotmentsev Yu M.多元醇硝酸酯增塑硝化棉体系的热力学相容性研究[J].含能材料,1999,7(1):20-22.SHAO Zi-qiang,Lotmentsev Yu M.Thermodynamic compatibility of components in nitro cellulose plasticized by DEGDN and TEGDN[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Material,1999,7(1):20-22.
[12]张端庆.火药用原材料性能与制备[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.
[13]刘新智.硝化棉含氮量对发射药压伸成型的影响[J].火炸药学报,1984,7(6):27-30.LIU Xin-zhi.Effect of the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose on gun propellant extrusion[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellant(Huozhayao Xuebao),1984,7(6):27-30.
[14]吕宏凌,王保国.溶剂在高分子中的扩散系数-Vrentas-Duda模型及其发展[J].功能高分子学报,2005,18(2):353-360.LüHong-ling,WANG Bao-guo.Diffusion coefficients in polymer-solvent systems-vrentas-duda′s model and its development[J].Journal of Functional Polymers,2005,18(2):353-360.
[15]郝红英,邵自强.纤维素衍生物增塑体系溶剂化研究[J].中北大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(4):257-260.HAO Hong-ying,SHAO Zi-qiang.Study on solvation in solutions of cellulose derivatives[J].Journal of North China Institute of Technology,2002,23(4):257-260.
[2]刘子如,张腊莹,衡淑云,等.双基推进剂的玻璃化温度[J].火炸药学报,2009,32(2):56-59.LIU Zi-ru,ZHANG La-ying,HENG Shu-yun,et al.The glass transition tempeture for double-base propellant[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellant(Huozhayao Xuebao),2009,32(2):56-59.
[3]Agrawal J P.高能材料——火药、炸药和烟火药[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2013.
[4]胡世扬.双基药[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984.
[5]Agrawal J P,Singh H.Qualitative assessment of nitroglycerin migration from double-base and composite modified double-base rocket propellants:concepts and methods of prevention[J].Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics,1993,18:106-110.
[6]Mu2anic'M S,Suc'eska M.Dynamic mechanical properties of artificially aged double base rocket propellant and possibilities for prediction of their service lifetime[J].Central European Journal of Energetic Materials,2013,10(2):225-244.
[7]蔡红祥.改性太根发射药的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2013.CAI Hong-xiang.The research of modified TEGN propellant[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2013.
[8]Yi J H,Zhao F Q,Xu S Y,et al.Effects of pressure and TEGDN content on decomposition reaction mechanism and kinetics of DB gun propellant containing the mixed ester of TEGDN and NG[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165(1-3):853-859.
[9]卫平牛.组分对高能高强度发射药燃烧性能的影响[D].南京:南京理工大学,2009.WEI Ping-niu.Effect of composition on combustion performance of high energy and high strength gun propellant[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2009.
[10]齐晓飞,张晓宏,郭昕,等.NENA对NC溶塑作用的实验与模拟[J].固体火箭技术,2013,36(4):516-520.QI Xiao-fei,ZHANG Xiao-hong,GUO Xin,et al.Experiments and simulation on plastication of NENA on NC[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2013,36(4):516-520.
[11]邵自强,Lotmentsev Yu M.多元醇硝酸酯增塑硝化棉体系的热力学相容性研究[J].含能材料,1999,7(1):20-22.SHAO Zi-qiang,Lotmentsev Yu M.Thermodynamic compatibility of components in nitro cellulose plasticized by DEGDN and TEGDN[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Material,1999,7(1):20-22.
[12]张端庆.火药用原材料性能与制备[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.
[13]刘新智.硝化棉含氮量对发射药压伸成型的影响[J].火炸药学报,1984,7(6):27-30.LIU Xin-zhi.Effect of the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose on gun propellant extrusion[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellant(Huozhayao Xuebao),1984,7(6):27-30.
[14]吕宏凌,王保国.溶剂在高分子中的扩散系数-Vrentas-Duda模型及其发展[J].功能高分子学报,2005,18(2):353-360.LüHong-ling,WANG Bao-guo.Diffusion coefficients in polymer-solvent systems-vrentas-duda′s model and its development[J].Journal of Functional Polymers,2005,18(2):353-360.
[15]郝红英,邵自强.纤维素衍生物增塑体系溶剂化研究[J].中北大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(4):257-260.HAO Hong-ying,SHAO Zi-qiang.Study on solvation in solutions of cellulose derivatives[J].Journal of North China Institute of Technology,2002,23(4):257-260.