激光测距系统中光电探测器的研究进展
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摘要
激光测距技术在军事、航天、工业等领域发挥着不可替代的作用。光电探测器作为测距系统的核心部件之一,可以探测到极微弱的光信号,并在系统中完成光电转换。本文分析了传统的激光测距方法与其对应的光电二极管和新兴的光子计数技术与其对应的单光子探测器,并对未来激光测距系统中探测器的发展前景进行了总结和展望。
Laser ranging technology has played an irreplaceable role in military aerospace and industrial fields.As one of the core components of the ranging system,the photodetector could detect very weak optical signals and perform photoelectric conversion in this system.This paper analyzes the traditional laser ranging method and its corresponding photodiode,the emerging photon counting technology and its corresponding single photon detector,summarizes and prospects the development prospect of the detection unit in the future laser ranging system.
Laser ranging technology has played an irreplaceable role in military aerospace and industrial fields.As one of the core components of the ranging system,the photodetector could detect very weak optical signals and perform photoelectric conversion in this system.This paper analyzes the traditional laser ranging method and its corresponding photodiode,the emerging photon counting technology and its corresponding single photon detector,summarizes and prospects the development prospect of the detection unit in the future laser ranging system.
引文
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[2]徐正平,金灿强,俞乾,等.用PIN探测器进行激光雷达参考光检测[J].红外与激光工程,2018,47(10):267-273.DOI:10.3788/IRLA201847.1020002.
[3]袁正兵,肖清泉,杨文献,等.In-(0.53)Ga-(0.47)As/InP雪崩光电二极管响应及电学特性[J].光子学报,2018,47(3):113-118.DOI:10.3788/gzxb20184703.0304002.
[4]廉海峰.雪崩光电二极管(APD)专利发展综述[J].数字通信世界,2018(4):134.DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-7274.2018.04.101.
[5]Markus T,Neumann T,Martino A,et al.The Lce,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2(ICESat-2):Science Requirements,Concept,and Implementation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,190:260-273.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.029.
[6]陈鹏,祝凤荣,闵振王,等.光电倍增管的性能研究[J].电子科学技术,2016,3(3):212-216.DOI:10.16453/j.issn.2095-8595.2016.03.005.
[7]金湘亮,曹灿,杨红姣.高性能单光子雪崩二极管在180nm CMOS工艺中的设计与实现(英文)[J].红外与毫米波学报,2018,37(1):30-34+128.DOI:10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2018.01.007.
[8]周慧,何宇昊,吕超林,等.Photon-counting Chirped Amplitude Modulation Lidar System using Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detector at 1 550 nm Wavelength[J].Chinese Physics B,2018,27(1):597-601.DOI:10.1088/1674-1056/27/1/018501.
[9]陈彦涛.光电二极管放大电路设计[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2014.
[10]Dong Y,Wang W,Lei D,et al.Suppression of Dark Current in Hermanium-tin on Silicon Pin Photodiode by a Silicon Surface Passivation Technique[J].Optics Express,2015,23(14):18611-9.DOI:10.1364/oe.23.018611.
[11]周宇.脉冲式激光测距仪的研究与设计[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2016.
[12]叶道焕.高精度激光动态测试技术研究[D].上海:中国科学院研究生院(上海技术物理研究所),2016.
[13]吕雪驹.基于FPGA的激光云高仪设计[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2017.
[14]徐佳,杨虹.一种硅基雪崩光电探测器的研究[J].数字技术与应用,2014(1):60+65.DOI:10.19695/j.cnki.cn12-1369.2014.01.043.
[15]刘风江,张晓青,贾豫.东闭环温度控制的APD光电探测器设计[J].传感器与微系统,2016,35(5):97-99+106.DOI:10.13873/J.1000-9787(2016)05-0097-03.
[16]彭孝东.基于APD的红外极微弱光探测器的设计及相关特性研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2005.
[17]刘海帝.根据反射光的相位移动实现激光测距[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2014.
[18]彭伟.相位差式红外测距传感器的研究与设计[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2017.
[19]周翔,徐明阳,张久明.高灵敏度APD光接收机的设计与实现[J].光通信技术,2015,39(9):30-32.DOI:10.13921/j.cnki.issn1002-5561.2015.09.009.
[20]侯利冰,黄庚华,况耀武,等.光子计数激光测距技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(18):5186-5190.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2013.18.020.
[21]丁宇星,李永富,刘鸿彬,等.基于InGaAs探测器的日光条件光子计数实验[J].中国激光,2018,45(11):153-157.DOI:10.3788/CJL201845.1104003.
[22]Lu W,Krainak M A,Yang G,et al.Low Noise,Free Running,High Rate Photon Counting for Space Communication and Ranging[C]∥SPIE Commercial+Scientific Sensing and Imaging.2016:98580S.DOI:10.1117/12.2225925.
[23]Grein M E,Dauler E A,Robinson B S,et al.An Optical Receiver for the Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration based on photon-counting superconducting nanowires[C]∥SPIE Sensing Technology+Applications.International Society for Optics and Photonics,2015.DOI:10.1117/12.2179781.
[24]Markman A,Javidi B,Tehranipoor M.Photon-Counting Security Tagging and Verification Using Optically Encoded QRCodes[J].IEEE Photonics Journal,2014,6(1):1-9.DOI:10.1109/jphot.2013.2294625.
[25]王挺峰.提高PMT光子计数系统探测灵敏度的方法[J].光机电信息,2009,26(3):37-42.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-1180.2009.03.006.
[26]袁帅映,羊毅,董涛,等.用于机载远程测距的单光子探测关键技术仿真研究[J].电光与控制,2015,22(2):80-84.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-637X.2015.02.018.
[27]王瀚基.基于时间相关单光子计数技术的激光测距实验研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[28]Abbasi R,Abdou Y,Abu-Zayyad T,et al.Calibration and Characterization of the LceCube Photomultiplier Tube[J].Nuclear Inst&Methods in Physics Research A,2010,618(1-3):139-152.DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.102.
[29]胡伟达,李庆,温洁,等.InGaAs/InP红外雪崩光电探测器的研究现状与进展[J].红外技术,2018,40(3):201-208.DOI:1001-8891(2018)03-0201-08.
[30]Capua F D,Campajola M,Campajola L,et al.Random Telegraph Signal in Proton Irradiated Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2018,PP(99):1-1.DOI:10.1109/tns.2018.2814823.
[31]Gariepy G,Krstajic N,Henderson R,et al.Light-in-flight Imaging in Free-space using Arrayed Single-photon Detector Technologies[C]∥Frontiers in Optics.2014:FTu2G.4.DOI:10.1364/fio.2014.ftu2g.4.
[32]罗远,贺岩,耿立明,等.基于光子计数技术的远程测距激光雷达[J].中国激光,2016(5):239-246.DOI:10.3788/CJL201643.0514001.
[33]Du B,Pang C,Wu D,et al.High-speed Photon-counting Laser Ranging for Broad Range of Distances[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):4198.DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-22675-1.
[34]Buller G S,Collins R J.Single-photon Generation and Detection[J].Measurement Science&Technology,2010,21(1):12002-12028.DOI:10.1088/0957-0233/21/1/012002.
[35]Pernice W,Schuck C,Minaeva O,et al.High Speed Travelling Wave Single-Photon Detectors With Near-Unity Quantum Efficiency[J].Nature Communications,2011,3(4):187-190.DOI:10.1038/ncomms2307.
[36]Eisaman M D,Fan J,Migdall A,et al.Invited Review Article:Single-photon Sources and Detectors[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2011,82(7):202-134.DOI:10.1063/1.3610677.
[37]刘云.红外单光子探测器的研制[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2007.
[38]Tosi A,Mora A D,Zappa F,et al.InGaAs/InP Single-photon Avalanche Diodes Show Low Dark Counts and Require Moderate Cooling[C]∥Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VI.International Society for Optics and Photonics,2009:133-141.DOI:10.1117/12.808262.
[39]Ren M,Gu X,Liang Y,et al.Laser Ranging at 1 550nm with 1-GHz Sine-wave Gated InGaAs/InP APD Singlephoton Detector[J].Optics Express,2011,19(14):13497-13502.DOI:10.1364/oe.19.013497.
[40]McCarthy A,Ren X,et al.Kilometer-range Depth Imaging at 1 550nm Wavelength using an InGaAs/InP Singlephoton Avalanche Diode Detector[J].Opt Express,2013,21(19):22098-22113.DOI:10.1364/oe.21.022098.
[41]黄建华.基于InGaAs/InP APD的单光子激光测距研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.
[42]张洪浩.基于1.5μm的激光远距离测试系统[D].长春:长春理工大学,2016.
[43]Pogrebnjak A D,Rogoz V M,Bondar O V,et al.Structure and Physicomechanical Properties of NbN-based Protective Nanocomposite Coatings:A Review[J].Protection of Metals&Physical Chemistry of Surfaces,2016,52(5):802-813.DOI:10.1134/s2070205116050191.
[44]Parlato L,Gaggero A,Cristiano R.SNSPD with Parallel Nanowires(Conference Presentation)[C]∥Photon Counting Applications.International Society for Optics and Photonics,2017:1022904.DOI:10.1117/12.2267490.
[45]Maneval JP,Harrabi K,Chibane F,et al.Temperature Profile of Hotspots in Narrow Current-biased Superconducting Strips[J].IEEE Trans Appl Supercond,2013,23:2300505.DOI:10.1109/tasc.2012.2235507.
[46]Wu J,You L,Chen S,et al.Improving the Timing Jitter of a Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detection System[J].Applied Optics,2017,56(8):2195.DOI:10.1364/ao.56.002195.
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