四川华鳊卵子发生的显微结构观察
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摘要
为探究四川华鳊(Sinibrama taeniatus)卵子的发生规律,对其卵子发生进行了显微结构观察和描述。将卵子发生分为卵原细胞(Ⅰ时相)、单层滤泡时相(Ⅱ时相)、卵黄泡出现时相(Ⅲ时相)、卵黄充满时相(Ⅳ时相)和成熟卵子(Ⅴ时相) 5个时相。观察发现,四川华鳊卵原细胞存在2种形态,分别为早期卵原细胞和有丝分裂过程中的卵原细胞;同时将早期初级卵母细胞划入Ⅱ时相,此阶段细胞核膜边缘出现多个小核仁,将其作为小生长期开始的标志;Ⅲ时相卵黄泡出现,当卵黄泡积累至3～5层时,卵黄物质即开始积累,此时多以卵黄颗粒的形式存在;进入Ⅳ时相后,卵黄物质沉积形成卵黄小板,卵黄泡被挤压至卵周,形成皮层小泡,卵子成熟后,原皮层小泡所在区域呈块状或颗粒状,经苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后呈橘红色。
In order to explore the law of oogenesis of Sinibrama taeniatus and provide instruction for artificial reproduction,we observed and described the microscopic structure of its oogenesis process that was divided into five phases:phase of oogonium(Phase Ⅰ),phase of single-layer follicular cell(Phase Ⅱ),phase of yolk vesicle(Phase Ⅲ),phase of yolk filled(Phase Ⅳ)and phase of mature oocyte(Phase Ⅴ).Results of paraffin section reveals that oogonium could be distinguished as two types according to their microscopic characteristics(oogonium at early stage and mitosis).Meanwhile,the early primary oocyte was devided into Phase Ⅱ,and several small nucleolus appeared at the edge of the nuclear membrane,which was regarded as the sign of beginning of little growth period.Yolk vesicles appeared in Phase Ⅲ and the yolk began to accumulate and mainly existed in the form of yolk granule when the yolk vesicles increased to 3-5 layers.After entering Phase Ⅳ,the yolk deposited into yolk platelet,and the yolk vesicles were squeezed to the perivitelline area and formed cortical vesicles.After the oocyte was mature,the area of cortical vesicles exhibited as lumps or particulates,and was dyed orange by hematoxylin-eosin staining.
In order to explore the law of oogenesis of Sinibrama taeniatus and provide instruction for artificial reproduction,we observed and described the microscopic structure of its oogenesis process that was divided into five phases:phase of oogonium(Phase Ⅰ),phase of single-layer follicular cell(Phase Ⅱ),phase of yolk vesicle(Phase Ⅲ),phase of yolk filled(Phase Ⅳ)and phase of mature oocyte(Phase Ⅴ).Results of paraffin section reveals that oogonium could be distinguished as two types according to their microscopic characteristics(oogonium at early stage and mitosis).Meanwhile,the early primary oocyte was devided into Phase Ⅱ,and several small nucleolus appeared at the edge of the nuclear membrane,which was regarded as the sign of beginning of little growth period.Yolk vesicles appeared in Phase Ⅲ and the yolk began to accumulate and mainly existed in the form of yolk granule when the yolk vesicles increased to 3-5 layers.After entering Phase Ⅳ,the yolk deposited into yolk platelet,and the yolk vesicles were squeezed to the perivitelline area and formed cortical vesicles.After the oocyte was mature,the area of cortical vesicles exhibited as lumps or particulates,and was dyed orange by hematoxylin-eosin staining.
引文
[1]李陈.长江上游梯级水电开发对鱼类生物多样性影响的初探[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012:18-26.
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[6]杨君兴,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等.中国淡水鱼类人工增殖放流现状[J].动物学研究,2013,34(4):267-280.
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[14]MUNOZ M,CASADEVALL M,BONET S.The ovarian morphology of Scorpaena notata shows a specialized mode of oviparity[J].J Fish Biol,2002,61(4):877-887.
[15]AROCHA F.Oocyte development and maturity classification of swordfish from the north-western Atlantic[J].J Fish Biol,2002,60(1):13-27.
[16]张耀光,罗泉笙,何学福.长吻的卵巢发育和周年变化及繁殖习性研究[J].动物学研究,1994,15(2):42-48,98.
[17]李培伦,刘伟,王继隆.犬首卵子发生过程及成熟卵膜形态结构观察[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(5):707-715.
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[19]曲焕韬,刘勇,杨元金,等.长鳍吻卵巢发育组织学及周年变化的初步研究[J].水产科学,2015,34(1):32-37.
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[21]王晓艳,王莎莎,赵玉超,等.孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官组织结构及卵子发生的研究[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(1):16-20.
[22]温茹淑,曾德莉,方展强.剑尾鱼卵子发生的组织学观察[J].动物学杂志,2012,47(6):85-91.
[23]张耀光,杨桂枝.南方鲇卵子发生的超微结构研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,29(2):265-272.
[24]何德奎,陈毅峰,蔡斌.纳木错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(1):1-13.
[25]王志坚,殷江霞,张耀光.长薄鳅的卵巢发育和卵子发生[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(4):32-39.
[26]王爱民.莫桑比克非鲫卵黄形成的电镜观察[J].水生生物学报,1994,18(1):26-31.
[27]刘晓蕾.胭脂鱼性腺分化与卵巢发育和卵子发生的初步研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013:23.
[28]DUTT N H C,INOUE S,KOBAYASHI K.Cytochemistry and ultrastructure of yolk nucleus in loach Misgurnus anguilicaudatus(Cantor)[J].Curr Sci India,1978,47(11):394-395.
[29]张贤芳.圆口铜鱼卵巢发育及卵子发生的初步研究[D].重庆:西南师范大学,2003:29-30.
[30]何德奎,陈毅峰,陈自明,等.色林错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水产学报,2001,25(2):97-102.
[31]SELMAN K,WALLACE R A,BARR V.Oogenesis in Fundulus heteroclitus.V.The relationship of yolk vesicles and cortical alveoli[J].J Exp Zool Pt A,2010,246(1):42-56.
[32]严云勤,徐立滨.鲫鱼卵子发生:Ⅰ.皮层小泡的形成和卵黄发生[J].东北农业大学学报,1994,25(1):81-88.
[33]BAZZOLI N,GODINHO H P.Cortical alveoli in oocytes of freshwater neotropical teleost fish[J].Ital J Zool,1994,61(4):301-308.
[34]KOBAYASHI W.Communications of oocyte-granulosa cells in the chum salmon ovary detected by transmission electron microscopy[J].Dev Growth Differ,1985,27(5):553-561.
[35]KUSA M.Studies on cortical alveoli in some teleostean eggs[J].Dev Growth Differ,1956,3(2):105-129.
[2]曹文宣.长江上游水电梯级开发的水域生态保护问题[J].长江技术经济,2017,1(1):25-30.
[3]骆辉煌,杨青瑞,李倩,等.长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护区鱼类生境特征初步研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(6):44-48.
[4]丁瑞华.四川鱼类志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1994:199-200.
[5]解崇友,倪露芸,吴迪,等.岷江眉山段四川华鳊年龄与生长[J].四川动物,2016,35(1):78-83.
[6]杨君兴,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等.中国淡水鱼类人工增殖放流现状[J].动物学研究,2013,34(4):267-280.
[7]潘绪伟,杨林林.纪炜炜,等.增殖放流技术研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2010(4):236-240.
[8]危起伟.长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区科学考察报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:116.
[9]谢仲桂.华鳊属鱼类形态变异和种间系统发育关系及其与鮊亚科相关类群分子进化的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2003:25-69.
[10]黄燕.长江上游特有鱼类DNA条形码研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2014:12-25.
[11]李斌,解崇友,张婷,等.岷江眉山段四川华鳊的繁殖生物学资料[J].动物学杂志,2015,50(4):563-570.
[12]刘筠.中国养殖鱼类繁殖生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993:20-29.
[13]TOMKIEWICZ J,TYBJERG L,JESPERSEN A.Micro-and macroscopic characteristics to stage gonadal maturation of female Baltic cod[J].J Fish Biol,2003,62(2):253-275.
[14]MUNOZ M,CASADEVALL M,BONET S.The ovarian morphology of Scorpaena notata shows a specialized mode of oviparity[J].J Fish Biol,2002,61(4):877-887.
[15]AROCHA F.Oocyte development and maturity classification of swordfish from the north-western Atlantic[J].J Fish Biol,2002,60(1):13-27.
[16]张耀光,罗泉笙,何学福.长吻的卵巢发育和周年变化及繁殖习性研究[J].动物学研究,1994,15(2):42-48,98.
[17]李培伦,刘伟,王继隆.犬首卵子发生过程及成熟卵膜形态结构观察[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(5):707-715.
[18]赵健蓉.云南盘繁殖生物学研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2018:32.
[19]曲焕韬,刘勇,杨元金,等.长鳍吻卵巢发育组织学及周年变化的初步研究[J].水产科学,2015,34(1):32-37.
[20]代丽.稀有鲫原始生殖细胞的起源、迁移和分化及卵巢发育和卵子发生研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013:49.
[21]王晓艳,王莎莎,赵玉超,等.孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官组织结构及卵子发生的研究[J].南方水产科学,2014,10(1):16-20.
[22]温茹淑,曾德莉,方展强.剑尾鱼卵子发生的组织学观察[J].动物学杂志,2012,47(6):85-91.
[23]张耀光,杨桂枝.南方鲇卵子发生的超微结构研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,29(2):265-272.
[24]何德奎,陈毅峰,蔡斌.纳木错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(1):1-13.
[25]王志坚,殷江霞,张耀光.长薄鳅的卵巢发育和卵子发生[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(4):32-39.
[26]王爱民.莫桑比克非鲫卵黄形成的电镜观察[J].水生生物学报,1994,18(1):26-31.
[27]刘晓蕾.胭脂鱼性腺分化与卵巢发育和卵子发生的初步研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2013:23.
[28]DUTT N H C,INOUE S,KOBAYASHI K.Cytochemistry and ultrastructure of yolk nucleus in loach Misgurnus anguilicaudatus(Cantor)[J].Curr Sci India,1978,47(11):394-395.
[29]张贤芳.圆口铜鱼卵巢发育及卵子发生的初步研究[D].重庆:西南师范大学,2003:29-30.
[30]何德奎,陈毅峰,陈自明,等.色林错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水产学报,2001,25(2):97-102.
[31]SELMAN K,WALLACE R A,BARR V.Oogenesis in Fundulus heteroclitus.V.The relationship of yolk vesicles and cortical alveoli[J].J Exp Zool Pt A,2010,246(1):42-56.
[32]严云勤,徐立滨.鲫鱼卵子发生:Ⅰ.皮层小泡的形成和卵黄发生[J].东北农业大学学报,1994,25(1):81-88.
[33]BAZZOLI N,GODINHO H P.Cortical alveoli in oocytes of freshwater neotropical teleost fish[J].Ital J Zool,1994,61(4):301-308.
[34]KOBAYASHI W.Communications of oocyte-granulosa cells in the chum salmon ovary detected by transmission electron microscopy[J].Dev Growth Differ,1985,27(5):553-561.
[35]KUSA M.Studies on cortical alveoli in some teleostean eggs[J].Dev Growth Differ,1956,3(2):105-129.