安徽北部矿区深层地下水重金属含量特征及水质评价
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摘要
测试了安徽北部矿区4个典型煤矿深层地下水中5种重金属元素的含量,水样采自松散、煤系、太灰和奥灰4个含水层。在对各含水层5种重金属质量浓度特征分析的基础上,通过加附注评分法和Nemerow综合污染指数法对矿区主要含水层深层及区域整体开展了地下水重金属污染评价。结果表明:松散和太灰含水层中水样重金属质量浓度从高到低为Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr,而煤系和奥灰含水层中水样重金属质量浓度从高到低为Ni、Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd;整体地下水中重金属质量浓度从高到低为Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr;标准差显示煤系水和太灰水可能已受到采煤活动的扰动;松散层和奥灰水质为良好,太灰水质较差,煤系水质极差(F=7.52);整个矿区地下水水质分级为较差,综合污染评价结果为警戒线(NI=1.0),污染水平为尚清洁。
The given paper is aimed at presenting its investigation and analysis of the five kinds of heavy metals in the deep groundwater level from the four respective aquifers,that is,the unconsolidated formation layer,the coal-containing layers,the limestone aquifer of Taiyuan formation and the Ordovician limestone aquifer under monitoring activities in hoping to make an assessment of the pollution status in-situ by taking samples from the four typical coal mines in Anhui-north mining areas. When an analysis of the content characteristics of heavy metals was done with the conventional method and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method,we began to make an evaluation of the water quality by using the samples from the different aquifers,including the mixed aqua-strata. Our investigation indicates that the content of heavy metals in the groundwater from the unconsolidated formation and limestone aqua-strata accounts for the same descending order,that is,Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr,whereas the coal-bearing strata and the Ordovician limestone aqua-strata also take the same order,that is,Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd. Therefore,it can be inferred that the order of heavy metal content rates can be represen-ted by the order of Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr in the whole area under investigation. Furthermore,the standard deviation implies that the change of the groundwater quality may also result from the mining activities. The entire pollution assessment by the conventional method proves that the most serious pollution rate to the water of the coal-bearing series stands in F = 7. 52. And the pollution situation with the other areas can be said relatively better in an order from the unconsolidated formation and Ordovician limestone aquifer,which are better than the limestone aquifer in Taiyuan formation. Taking the whole study area as an investigation object,it can be said that the pollution of its deep groundwater from all the aquifers is not so encouraging,with the whole deep groundwater of study area exactly being put on the warning level( NI = 1. 0) when assessed by the comprehensive pollution evaluation. Thus,though its water quality can be said just OK on the whole for the time being,the given investigation helps to make clear the content characteristic features at the focus of the water quality assessment of heavy metal content rates in deep groundwater from the mining areas,which can provide a reference for the exploitation,utilization and protection of the water resources from the groundwater in the aforementioned mining areas.
The given paper is aimed at presenting its investigation and analysis of the five kinds of heavy metals in the deep groundwater level from the four respective aquifers,that is,the unconsolidated formation layer,the coal-containing layers,the limestone aquifer of Taiyuan formation and the Ordovician limestone aquifer under monitoring activities in hoping to make an assessment of the pollution status in-situ by taking samples from the four typical coal mines in Anhui-north mining areas. When an analysis of the content characteristics of heavy metals was done with the conventional method and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method,we began to make an evaluation of the water quality by using the samples from the different aquifers,including the mixed aqua-strata. Our investigation indicates that the content of heavy metals in the groundwater from the unconsolidated formation and limestone aqua-strata accounts for the same descending order,that is,Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr,whereas the coal-bearing strata and the Ordovician limestone aqua-strata also take the same order,that is,Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd. Therefore,it can be inferred that the order of heavy metal content rates can be represen-ted by the order of Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd > Cr in the whole area under investigation. Furthermore,the standard deviation implies that the change of the groundwater quality may also result from the mining activities. The entire pollution assessment by the conventional method proves that the most serious pollution rate to the water of the coal-bearing series stands in F = 7. 52. And the pollution situation with the other areas can be said relatively better in an order from the unconsolidated formation and Ordovician limestone aquifer,which are better than the limestone aquifer in Taiyuan formation. Taking the whole study area as an investigation object,it can be said that the pollution of its deep groundwater from all the aquifers is not so encouraging,with the whole deep groundwater of study area exactly being put on the warning level( NI = 1. 0) when assessed by the comprehensive pollution evaluation. Thus,though its water quality can be said just OK on the whole for the time being,the given investigation helps to make clear the content characteristic features at the focus of the water quality assessment of heavy metal content rates in deep groundwater from the mining areas,which can provide a reference for the exploitation,utilization and protection of the water resources from the groundwater in the aforementioned mining areas.
引文
[1]WANG Hao(王浩),WANG Jianhua(王建华).Sustainable utilization of China’s water resources[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院院刊),2012,27(3):352-358,331.
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[4]ZHANG Fang(张芳),CHANG Chunping(常春平),LI Jing(李静),et al.Distribution of heavy metal concentrations of groundwater in rural areas in Pingyi County[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2013,32(1):127-134.
[5]RAJMOHAN N,ELANGO L.Distribution of iron,manganese,zinc and atrazine in groundwater in parts of Palar and Cheyyar river basins,South India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2005,107(1/2/3):115-131.
[6]PAWAR N J,NIKUMBH J D.Trace element geochemistry of groundwater from Behedi Basin,Nasik District,Maharashtra[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,1999,54(5):501-514.
[7]LIU Jin(刘进).Research on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater of Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province(安徽淮北平原浅层地下水地球化学特征研究)[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2010.
[8]GUI Herong(桂和荣).Research on the hydrogeochemical characteristics and discriminant model of groundwater in northern Anhui mining areas(皖北矿区地下水水文地球化学特征及判别模式研究)[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2005.
[9]WANG Lulu(王璐璐).Research on variational characteristics and sources of hydrochemical components in Huaibei Plain,Anhui Province(安徽省淮北平原地下水水化学变化特征与源解析)[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2010.
[10]Anhui Coalfield Geological Exploration Team 3(安徽省煤田地质局第三勘探队).Division of geological units and hydrological geological map compilation(淮北煤田水文地质单元划分及水文地质图编制)[R].Suzhou:Anhui Coalfield Geological Exploration Team 3,2012.
[11]LIU Haitao(刘海涛).A numerical simulation on the influence of underground water flow regime caused by coal mining in Taiyuan Xishan coal area(太原西山矿区煤炭开采对地下水流场影响的数值模拟)[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2005.
[12]LIU Huaizhong(刘怀忠).Quantitative evaluation of mining-induced disturbance on groundwater system in coal mines(煤矿开采对矿区地下水系统扰动的定量评价研究)[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2009.
[13]XIE Juan(谢娟).Study on the effect of groundwater quality and quantity in coal mining(煤矿开采对地下水水质及水量的影响研究)[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2012.
[14]WANG Jiangli(王江莉).Study on groundwater environmental impact assessment of coal mining(煤矿开采地下水环境影响评价研究)[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2011.
[15]WANG Yanxin(王焰新).Groundwater contamination(地下水污染与防治)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008:142-177.
[16]WU Bin(吴彬),ZANG Shuying(臧淑英),NA Xiaodong(那晓东).Application of grey relation analysis and Nemerow pollution index in water quality evaluation for heavy metals in Keqin Lake[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(5):134-137.
[17]GB/T 14848—93 Quality standard for ground water(地下水质量标准)[S].
[18]MA Chengyou(马成有).Study on the groundwater environmental quality assessment methods(地下水水环境质量评价方法研究)[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.
[19]LU Wei(卢薇),PENG Yong(彭泳),LIU Ruihua(刘瑞华).Evaluation of current quality about groundwater in Dongguan City[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology(水文地质工程地质),2004(4):70-73.
[20]CUI Shuai(崔帅),ZHENG Defeng(郑德凤),SHI Yanguang(史延光).Groundwater quality assessment in Dalian City based on the grading method and fuzzy pattern recognition model[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2009,9(3):69-72.
[21]XU Bin(徐彬),LIN Canyao(林灿尧),MAO Xinwei(毛新伟).Analysis of applicability of Nemerow pollution index to evaluation of water quality of Taihu Lake[J].Water Resources Protection(水资源保护),2014,30(2):38-40.
[22]LI Jianjun(李建军),FENG Muhua(冯慕华),YU Long(喻龙).Assessment on the situation of water quality in Liaodong Bay shallow waters[J].Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),2001,20(3):42-45.
[23]XIE Hongbo(谢洪波).Study on synthetic appraise of groundwater quality and pollution warning-forecast in Jiaozuo(焦作市地下水质量综合评价及污染预警研究)[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2008.
[24]GAO Ge(高格).The study on the current situation assessment of the ground water quality and management of Yining City[J].Journal of Yili Normal University:Natural Science Edition(伊犁师范学院学报:自然科学版),2008(2):34-37.
[25]GU Zhonghua(顾中华),GUAN Xue(管雪),SU Shouwei(苏首炜).Evaluation and analysis of current quality about groundwater in Wuxi City[C]//Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences(中国环境科学学会).The Third Volume of the Monograph of 2012Academic Annual Meeting of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences(2012中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集第三卷).Nan-ning:China Agricultural University Press,2012:70-73.
[26]CAO Lianhai(曹连海),SHI Xiaojie(史晓杰),HUANG Zhenli(黄振离).Water quality assessment of shallow groundwater in Yuzhou City[J].Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power(华北水利水电学院学报),2013,34(6):36-38.
[27]LIU Junke(刘君科),WEN Jun(文俊),ZHI Bingfa(支兵发).Evaluation&analysis on groundwater environment quality status in Zhongshan area in Guandong Province[J].Groud Water(地下水),2009,31(4):76-79.
[28]XU Bingbing(徐冰冰),XU Qiujin(许秋瑾),LIANG Cunzhen(梁存珍),et al.Water quality assessment for heavy metals in rural groundwater sources around Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine in Chenzhou,Hunan Province[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology(环境工程技术学报),2013,3(2):113-118.
[29]L Bingxu(吕炳旭).Research on heavy metals pollution characteristics and evaluation methods in the groundwater of metal mines(金属矿山地下水重金属污染特征及评价方法研究)[D].Shijiazhuang:Shijiazhuang University of Economics,2012.
[2]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国环境保护部).The 2013 China environmental bulletin(2013中国环境状况公报)[EB/OL].[2014-06-16].http://www.cqbnhb.gov.cn/Html/1/zwgk/zcwj/2014-06-16/1072.html.
[3]CHEN Liangqing(陈梁擎),FENG Shaoyuan(冯绍元),HAN Zhiwen(韩志文),et al.Preliminary evaluation of the shallow groundwater quality in Daxing District of Beijing City[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower(中国农村水利水电),2004(5):23-24.
[4]ZHANG Fang(张芳),CHANG Chunping(常春平),LI Jing(李静),et al.Distribution of heavy metal concentrations of groundwater in rural areas in Pingyi County[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2013,32(1):127-134.
[5]RAJMOHAN N,ELANGO L.Distribution of iron,manganese,zinc and atrazine in groundwater in parts of Palar and Cheyyar river basins,South India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2005,107(1/2/3):115-131.
[6]PAWAR N J,NIKUMBH J D.Trace element geochemistry of groundwater from Behedi Basin,Nasik District,Maharashtra[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,1999,54(5):501-514.
[7]LIU Jin(刘进).Research on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater of Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province(安徽淮北平原浅层地下水地球化学特征研究)[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2010.
[8]GUI Herong(桂和荣).Research on the hydrogeochemical characteristics and discriminant model of groundwater in northern Anhui mining areas(皖北矿区地下水水文地球化学特征及判别模式研究)[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2005.
[9]WANG Lulu(王璐璐).Research on variational characteristics and sources of hydrochemical components in Huaibei Plain,Anhui Province(安徽省淮北平原地下水水化学变化特征与源解析)[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2010.
[10]Anhui Coalfield Geological Exploration Team 3(安徽省煤田地质局第三勘探队).Division of geological units and hydrological geological map compilation(淮北煤田水文地质单元划分及水文地质图编制)[R].Suzhou:Anhui Coalfield Geological Exploration Team 3,2012.
[11]LIU Haitao(刘海涛).A numerical simulation on the influence of underground water flow regime caused by coal mining in Taiyuan Xishan coal area(太原西山矿区煤炭开采对地下水流场影响的数值模拟)[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2005.
[12]LIU Huaizhong(刘怀忠).Quantitative evaluation of mining-induced disturbance on groundwater system in coal mines(煤矿开采对矿区地下水系统扰动的定量评价研究)[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2009.
[13]XIE Juan(谢娟).Study on the effect of groundwater quality and quantity in coal mining(煤矿开采对地下水水质及水量的影响研究)[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2012.
[14]WANG Jiangli(王江莉).Study on groundwater environmental impact assessment of coal mining(煤矿开采地下水环境影响评价研究)[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2011.
[15]WANG Yanxin(王焰新).Groundwater contamination(地下水污染与防治)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008:142-177.
[16]WU Bin(吴彬),ZANG Shuying(臧淑英),NA Xiaodong(那晓东).Application of grey relation analysis and Nemerow pollution index in water quality evaluation for heavy metals in Keqin Lake[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(5):134-137.
[17]GB/T 14848—93 Quality standard for ground water(地下水质量标准)[S].
[18]MA Chengyou(马成有).Study on the groundwater environmental quality assessment methods(地下水水环境质量评价方法研究)[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.
[19]LU Wei(卢薇),PENG Yong(彭泳),LIU Ruihua(刘瑞华).Evaluation of current quality about groundwater in Dongguan City[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology(水文地质工程地质),2004(4):70-73.
[20]CUI Shuai(崔帅),ZHENG Defeng(郑德凤),SHI Yanguang(史延光).Groundwater quality assessment in Dalian City based on the grading method and fuzzy pattern recognition model[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2009,9(3):69-72.
[21]XU Bin(徐彬),LIN Canyao(林灿尧),MAO Xinwei(毛新伟).Analysis of applicability of Nemerow pollution index to evaluation of water quality of Taihu Lake[J].Water Resources Protection(水资源保护),2014,30(2):38-40.
[22]LI Jianjun(李建军),FENG Muhua(冯慕华),YU Long(喻龙).Assessment on the situation of water quality in Liaodong Bay shallow waters[J].Marine Environmental Science(海洋环境科学),2001,20(3):42-45.
[23]XIE Hongbo(谢洪波).Study on synthetic appraise of groundwater quality and pollution warning-forecast in Jiaozuo(焦作市地下水质量综合评价及污染预警研究)[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2008.
[24]GAO Ge(高格).The study on the current situation assessment of the ground water quality and management of Yining City[J].Journal of Yili Normal University:Natural Science Edition(伊犁师范学院学报:自然科学版),2008(2):34-37.
[25]GU Zhonghua(顾中华),GUAN Xue(管雪),SU Shouwei(苏首炜).Evaluation and analysis of current quality about groundwater in Wuxi City[C]//Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences(中国环境科学学会).The Third Volume of the Monograph of 2012Academic Annual Meeting of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences(2012中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集第三卷).Nan-ning:China Agricultural University Press,2012:70-73.
[26]CAO Lianhai(曹连海),SHI Xiaojie(史晓杰),HUANG Zhenli(黄振离).Water quality assessment of shallow groundwater in Yuzhou City[J].Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power(华北水利水电学院学报),2013,34(6):36-38.
[27]LIU Junke(刘君科),WEN Jun(文俊),ZHI Bingfa(支兵发).Evaluation&analysis on groundwater environment quality status in Zhongshan area in Guandong Province[J].Groud Water(地下水),2009,31(4):76-79.
[28]XU Bingbing(徐冰冰),XU Qiujin(许秋瑾),LIANG Cunzhen(梁存珍),et al.Water quality assessment for heavy metals in rural groundwater sources around Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine in Chenzhou,Hunan Province[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology(环境工程技术学报),2013,3(2):113-118.
[29]L Bingxu(吕炳旭).Research on heavy metals pollution characteristics and evaluation methods in the groundwater of metal mines(金属矿山地下水重金属污染特征及评价方法研究)[D].Shijiazhuang:Shijiazhuang University of Economics,2012.