上海市徐汇区长桥社区失能老人家庭照护知识掌握情况及影响因素
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摘要
目的对社区失能者家庭的照护者知识掌握状况进行调查,为完善社区家庭照护服务提供参考。方法随机选取上海市徐汇区长桥社区内2016年10月—2017年6月期间的42位失能者家庭的照护者进行调查,了解照护者照护知识掌握的实际情况及影响因素。用SPSS 11.5进行χ~2检验,影响因素采用logistic逐步回归分析。结果 42人均不会导管护理,不同性别照护者在口腔护理和沐浴护理以及饮食护理上有差异,不同年龄照护者在口腔护理和沐浴护理上有差异,不同婚姻状况照护者在饮食护理上有差异,不同学历照护者在用药护理上有差异,不同工资水平照护者在生命体征监测、头发护理、更衣护理、移动护理、用药护理上有差异,不同自我健康状况评价的照护者在口腔护理、头发护理、沐浴护理、皮肤护理、饮食护理上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。女性(OR=2.201,P<0.01)照护者更需要照护知识,与初中及以下文化程度者相比,高中/职高/中专(OR=1.932,P<0.01)和大专/本科及以上(OR=2.748,P<0.01)照护者更需要照护知识;月收入越高,愿意学习的可能性越高,与人均月收入<3 500元组相比,3 500～<5 000元(OR=2.014,P<0.01)和≥5 000元(OR=2.482,P<0.01)照护者更愿意接受知识。自我健康状况评价差(OR=2.722,P<0.01)照护者更愿意学习照料知识。结论随着社区失能老人数量的不断增加,居家照护者对健康知识的需求明显增加。社区卫生服务中心努力拓宽以社区照护为主的居家照顾功能,给予照护者基本护理以及利用社会支持资源等方面的指导,尤其是女性,中专或者高中以上文化,月收入>3 500元及自我健康评价差的照护者需重点关注。
[Objective] To investigate the knowledge acquisition status of carers in disabled families in the community,and provide references for the improvement of community family care services.[Methods]A random survey was conducted among the carers of A total of 42 carers in disabled families in Changqiao community of Xuhui district in Shanghai were randomly selected and investigated from October 2016 to June 2017 to understand the grasp situation and influencing factors of the knowledge of home care. SPSS 11.5 was used to carry out χ~2 test and influence factors were analyzed by logistic regression.[Results]42 people could not take catheterized care. There were differences in oral,bath and dietary care among carers with different genders,in oral and bath care among carers with different ages,in dietary care among carers with different marital status,in drug care among carers with different degrees of education,and in vital signs monitoring,hair care,changing clothes care,mobile care and drug care among carers with different wage levels,and in oral care,hair care,bath care,skin care and dietary care among carers with different self-health status evaluation,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). Female carers need more care knowledge(OR=2.201,P<0.01). Compared with those in junior high school or below education level, carers with senior high scho ol/vocational high school/technical secondary school(OR =1.932,P <0.01) and junior high school/undergraduate or above(OR=2.748,P<0.01) need more care knowledge. The higher the monthly income,the more likely they were being willing to learn. Compared with the average monthly income of <3 500 yuan,the carers with monthly income of 3 500～<5 000(OR=2.014,P<0.01) and≥5 000 yuan(OR=2.482,P<0.01) were more willing to accept knowledge. And carers with poor self-health evaluation(OR=2.722,P<0.01) were more willing to learn care knowledge.[Conclusion]With the increasing number of disabled elderly in the community,the demand for health knowledge among home carers has increased significantly. Community health service centers strive to broaden the home care function based on community care,give basic care to carers and guide them to use social support resources,especially the females carers with technical secondary school or high school or above,earning ≥ 3500 yuan per month and poor self-health evaluation need to pay more attention.
[Objective] To investigate the knowledge acquisition status of carers in disabled families in the community,and provide references for the improvement of community family care services.[Methods]A random survey was conducted among the carers of A total of 42 carers in disabled families in Changqiao community of Xuhui district in Shanghai were randomly selected and investigated from October 2016 to June 2017 to understand the grasp situation and influencing factors of the knowledge of home care. SPSS 11.5 was used to carry out χ~2 test and influence factors were analyzed by logistic regression.[Results]42 people could not take catheterized care. There were differences in oral,bath and dietary care among carers with different genders,in oral and bath care among carers with different ages,in dietary care among carers with different marital status,in drug care among carers with different degrees of education,and in vital signs monitoring,hair care,changing clothes care,mobile care and drug care among carers with different wage levels,and in oral care,hair care,bath care,skin care and dietary care among carers with different self-health status evaluation,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). Female carers need more care knowledge(OR=2.201,P<0.01). Compared with those in junior high school or below education level, carers with senior high scho ol/vocational high school/technical secondary school(OR =1.932,P <0.01) and junior high school/undergraduate or above(OR=2.748,P<0.01) need more care knowledge. The higher the monthly income,the more likely they were being willing to learn. Compared with the average monthly income of <3 500 yuan,the carers with monthly income of 3 500～<5 000(OR=2.014,P<0.01) and≥5 000 yuan(OR=2.482,P<0.01) were more willing to accept knowledge. And carers with poor self-health evaluation(OR=2.722,P<0.01) were more willing to learn care knowledge.[Conclusion]With the increasing number of disabled elderly in the community,the demand for health knowledge among home carers has increased significantly. Community health service centers strive to broaden the home care function based on community care,give basic care to carers and guide them to use social support resources,especially the females carers with technical secondary school or high school or above,earning ≥ 3500 yuan per month and poor self-health evaluation need to pay more attention.
引文
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[11]凌继荣,谢森,林盛金,等.深圳市社区家庭病床的实践及探索研究[J].中华全科医学,2011,9(8):1243-1244.
[12]张恺悌,孙陆军,牟新渝,等.全国城乡失能老年人状况研究[J].残疾人研究,2011,5(2):11-16.
[13]陆佩佩,李红玉.失能老人养护模式选择的影响因素及养护康复需求调查[J].中国康复医学杂志,2015,30(5):490-493.
[14]徐薇,钱晨光,刘欣梅,等.北京市某城区失能老人家庭照顾者负担与社会支持的相关性研究[J].中华全科医师杂志,2015,14(2):87-89.
[15]张丽,阿依古丽,张莎,等.新疆乌鲁木齐市失能老人的生活质量调查[J].中华现代护理杂志,2015,21(7):836-838.
[2]王琼.城市社区居家养老服务需求及其影响因素—基于全国性的城市老年人口调查数据[J].人口研究,2016(1):98-112.
[3]梁惠连.失能老年人对长期照护志愿者的需求及影响因素研究[J].全科护理,2016,14(22):2357-2359.
[4]黄文艳.对失能老人进行综合护理的效果分析[J].当代医药论丛,2015(16):223-225.
[5]俞群,李辉,张娴,等.漕河泾社区失能老人及社区照护需求调查[J].上海医药,2012,33(12):45-47.
[6]王海彦,刘苹,韩广营,等.城市社区老年人健康状况与长期护理需求调查研究[J].昆明医学院学报,2012,33(2):147-150.
[7]唐莹,张兴文,康丹.人口老龄化视角下中国老年人的长期护理[J].中国老年学杂志,2014,34(1):260.
[8]陈柳柳,邓仁丽,陈苏红,等.养老机构失能老人护理服务需求调查研究[J].护理与康复,2016,15(6):531-535.
[9]郝晓宁,薄涛,刘建春,等.北京市失能老人照料现状及需求影响因素研究[J].中国卫生经济,2015(8):59-62.
[10]高传胜.“老有所养”,中国该如何养?——基于养老服务与保障关系及发展的思考[J].兰州学刊,2016(11):163-169.
[11]凌继荣,谢森,林盛金,等.深圳市社区家庭病床的实践及探索研究[J].中华全科医学,2011,9(8):1243-1244.
[12]张恺悌,孙陆军,牟新渝,等.全国城乡失能老年人状况研究[J].残疾人研究,2011,5(2):11-16.
[13]陆佩佩,李红玉.失能老人养护模式选择的影响因素及养护康复需求调查[J].中国康复医学杂志,2015,30(5):490-493.
[14]徐薇,钱晨光,刘欣梅,等.北京市某城区失能老人家庭照顾者负担与社会支持的相关性研究[J].中华全科医师杂志,2015,14(2):87-89.
[15]张丽,阿依古丽,张莎,等.新疆乌鲁木齐市失能老人的生活质量调查[J].中华现代护理杂志,2015,21(7):836-838.