高应力泥岩顶板巷道围岩失稳特征及控制分析
|
摘要
通过对高应力泥岩顶板回采巷道破坏特征、力学变形机制及失稳原因分析,建立了回采巷道锚杆-锚索支护区变形协调方程,提出了高应力泥岩顶板回采巷道围岩控制关键技术,确定了预留断面高强预应力锚杆-锚索协调变形支护方案,并对设计方案进行了数值计算与工业性试验。结果表明:高应力泥岩顶板巷道表现为顶板破碎严重及离层量大、两帮呈非对称收敛变形与底鼓量大的特征;高应力及泥岩顶板软弱围岩是巷道围岩产生破坏的内在原因,锚杆-锚索支护强度过低及锚杆-锚索支护区非协调变形则是巷道围岩破坏失稳的外在原因;古汉山矿13051回采巷道围岩为高应力-节理化-膨胀性复合型(HJS)软岩,为Ⅰ_(AB)Ⅱ_(AB)Ⅲ_(ABD)复合型力学变形机制,采用设计支护方案后,巷道围岩变形能利于释放,围岩压力减小,锚杆-锚索受力均匀,巷道围岩变形保持在可控范围内,预留断面高强预应力锚杆-锚索协调变形支护利于巷道围岩稳定。
Through the analysis of failure characteristics, mechanical deformation mechanism and instability causes of high-stress mudstone roof gateway, the bolt-cable coordination deformation equation in gateway support area was established, the key technology of controlling surrounding rocks in highstress mudstone roof gateway was proposed, the support scheme of reservation section and high-strength pre-stressed bolt-cable coordination deformation was determined, and the numerical calculation and industrial test were carried out. The results have shown that high-stress mudstone roof gateway takes the characteristics of serious breaking and bed separation in roof, asymmetric shrinkage deformation in two sides and larger floor heave; internal causes of surrounding rock failure were high stress and weak mudstone roof, and external causes of instability were lower bolt-cable support strength and uncoordinated deformation in bolt-cable support area. Surrounding rock of gateway 13051 in Guhanshan Mine was weak rock with high-stress fractured expansion, a composite mechanical deformation of ⅠABⅡABⅢABD. After the application of design scheme, deformation energy of the surrounding rocks in the gateway was released easily, surrounding rock stress decreased, bolt-cable was stressed uniformly, surrounding rock deformation was kept within controllable range, and the support scheme of reservation section and high-strength pre-stressed bolt-cable coordination deformation was beneficial to gateway stability.
Through the analysis of failure characteristics, mechanical deformation mechanism and instability causes of high-stress mudstone roof gateway, the bolt-cable coordination deformation equation in gateway support area was established, the key technology of controlling surrounding rocks in highstress mudstone roof gateway was proposed, the support scheme of reservation section and high-strength pre-stressed bolt-cable coordination deformation was determined, and the numerical calculation and industrial test were carried out. The results have shown that high-stress mudstone roof gateway takes the characteristics of serious breaking and bed separation in roof, asymmetric shrinkage deformation in two sides and larger floor heave; internal causes of surrounding rock failure were high stress and weak mudstone roof, and external causes of instability were lower bolt-cable support strength and uncoordinated deformation in bolt-cable support area. Surrounding rock of gateway 13051 in Guhanshan Mine was weak rock with high-stress fractured expansion, a composite mechanical deformation of ⅠABⅡABⅢABD. After the application of design scheme, deformation energy of the surrounding rocks in the gateway was released easily, surrounding rock stress decreased, bolt-cable was stressed uniformly, surrounding rock deformation was kept within controllable range, and the support scheme of reservation section and high-strength pre-stressed bolt-cable coordination deformation was beneficial to gateway stability.
引文
[1]陈菲,何川,邓建辉.高地应力定义及其定性定量判据[J].岩土力学,2015,36(4):971-980.CHEN Fei,HE Chuan,DENG Jianhui.Concept of high geostress and its qualitative and quantitative definitions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(4):971-980.
[2]唐芙蓉,王连国,张华磊,等.动压软岩巷道破坏机理及控制技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):537-542.TANG Furong,WANG Lianguo,ZHANG Hualei,et al.Failure mechanism of dynamically pressured soft rock roadway and control technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):537-542.
[3]勾攀峰,韦四江,张盛.不同水平应力对巷道稳定性的模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(2):143-148.GOU Panfeng,WEI Sijiang,ZHANG Sheng.Numerical simulation of effect of horizontal stresses at different levels on stability of roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(2):143-148.
[4]肖同强,柏建彪,李金鹏,等.断层附近煤巷锚杆支护破碎围岩稳定机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):482-486.XIAO Tongqiang,BAI Jianbiao,LI Jinpeng,et al.Stabilization mechanism of crushed surrounding rock in coal roadway with bolt support near fault[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):482-486.
[5]张璨,张农,许兴亮,等.高地应力破碎软岩巷道强化控制技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):13-18.ZHANG Can,ZHANG Nong,XU Xingliang,et al.Support technique intensifying soft broken roadway with high ground stress[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,27(1):13-18.
[6]冯月新,孟波.高应力巷道锚穿钢管混凝土支护技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(4):1-5.FENG Yuexin,MENG Bo.Study on technology of anchor concrete filled steel tube supporting structure in roadway with high stress[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(4):1-5.
[7]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.深部高应力软岩巷道断面形状优化设计数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):650-656.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Numerical simulation of cross-section shape optimization design of deep soft rock roadway under high stress[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):650-656.
[8]李刚,梁冰,张国华.高应力软岩巷道变形特征及其支护参数设计[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):183-186.LI Gang,LIANG Bing,ZHANG Guohua.Deformation features of roadway in highly stressed soft rock and design of supporting parameters[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):183-186.
[9]何杰,方新秋,许伟,等.深井高应力破碎区巷道破坏机理及控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):494-498.HE Jie,FANG Xinqiu,XU Wei,et al.Failure mechanism and control measures of roadway in high stress and broken area at a great depth[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(4):494-498.
[10]李学华,姚强岭,张农,等.高水平应力跨采巷道围岩稳定性模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):420-425.LI Xuehua,YAO Qiangling,ZHANG Nong,et al.Numerical simulation of stability of surrounding rock in high horizontal stress roadway under overhead mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(4):420-425.
[11]王卫军,李树清,欧阳广斌.深井煤层巷道围岩控制技术及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2102-2106.WANG Weijun,LI Shuqing,OUYANG Guangbin.Study on technique and test of surrounding rock control of deep shaft coal roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2102-2106.
[12]李顺才,张春,缪协兴,等.巷道局部弱支护围岩应力场及稳定性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):463-467.LI Shuncai,ZHANG Chun,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Analysis on stress field and stability of rock surrounding roadway with local short supporting[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):463-467.
[13]黄新贤,周钢,祁和刚,等.高应力破碎岩巷注锚支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):527-531.HUANG Xinxian,ZHOU Gang,QI Hegang,et al.Grouting and bolt support technology for high stressed and cracked rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):527-531.
[14]何满潮.深部的概念体系及工程评价指标[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2854-2858.HE Manchao.Conception system of deep and evaluation index for deep engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2854-2858.
[15]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:94-100.
[16]赵庆彪,侯朝炯,马念杰.煤巷锚杆-锚索支护互补原理及其设计方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(4):490-493.ZHAO Qingbiao,HOU Chaojiong,MA Nianjie.Supplementary principle and design method of bolt and cable anchor supporting technique[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005,34(4):490-493.
[17]齐干,李占金,唐强达,等.深部大断面软岩巷道变形力学机制及耦合支护设计[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):455-459.QI Gan,LI Zhanjin,TANG Qiangda,et al.Deformation mechanical mechanism and coupling support design for deep large section soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):455-459.
[18]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:70-73.
[19]彭文斌.FLAC3D实用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:81-86.
[2]唐芙蓉,王连国,张华磊,等.动压软岩巷道破坏机理及控制技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):537-542.TANG Furong,WANG Lianguo,ZHANG Hualei,et al.Failure mechanism of dynamically pressured soft rock roadway and control technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):537-542.
[3]勾攀峰,韦四江,张盛.不同水平应力对巷道稳定性的模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(2):143-148.GOU Panfeng,WEI Sijiang,ZHANG Sheng.Numerical simulation of effect of horizontal stresses at different levels on stability of roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(2):143-148.
[4]肖同强,柏建彪,李金鹏,等.断层附近煤巷锚杆支护破碎围岩稳定机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):482-486.XIAO Tongqiang,BAI Jianbiao,LI Jinpeng,et al.Stabilization mechanism of crushed surrounding rock in coal roadway with bolt support near fault[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):482-486.
[5]张璨,张农,许兴亮,等.高地应力破碎软岩巷道强化控制技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):13-18.ZHANG Can,ZHANG Nong,XU Xingliang,et al.Support technique intensifying soft broken roadway with high ground stress[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,27(1):13-18.
[6]冯月新,孟波.高应力巷道锚穿钢管混凝土支护技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(4):1-5.FENG Yuexin,MENG Bo.Study on technology of anchor concrete filled steel tube supporting structure in roadway with high stress[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(4):1-5.
[7]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.深部高应力软岩巷道断面形状优化设计数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):650-656.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Numerical simulation of cross-section shape optimization design of deep soft rock roadway under high stress[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):650-656.
[8]李刚,梁冰,张国华.高应力软岩巷道变形特征及其支护参数设计[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):183-186.LI Gang,LIANG Bing,ZHANG Guohua.Deformation features of roadway in highly stressed soft rock and design of supporting parameters[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):183-186.
[9]何杰,方新秋,许伟,等.深井高应力破碎区巷道破坏机理及控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):494-498.HE Jie,FANG Xinqiu,XU Wei,et al.Failure mechanism and control measures of roadway in high stress and broken area at a great depth[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(4):494-498.
[10]李学华,姚强岭,张农,等.高水平应力跨采巷道围岩稳定性模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):420-425.LI Xuehua,YAO Qiangling,ZHANG Nong,et al.Numerical simulation of stability of surrounding rock in high horizontal stress roadway under overhead mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(4):420-425.
[11]王卫军,李树清,欧阳广斌.深井煤层巷道围岩控制技术及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2102-2106.WANG Weijun,LI Shuqing,OUYANG Guangbin.Study on technique and test of surrounding rock control of deep shaft coal roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2102-2106.
[12]李顺才,张春,缪协兴,等.巷道局部弱支护围岩应力场及稳定性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):463-467.LI Shuncai,ZHANG Chun,MIAO Xiexing,et al.Analysis on stress field and stability of rock surrounding roadway with local short supporting[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):463-467.
[13]黄新贤,周钢,祁和刚,等.高应力破碎岩巷注锚支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):527-531.HUANG Xinxian,ZHOU Gang,QI Hegang,et al.Grouting and bolt support technology for high stressed and cracked rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):527-531.
[14]何满潮.深部的概念体系及工程评价指标[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2854-2858.HE Manchao.Conception system of deep and evaluation index for deep engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2854-2858.
[15]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:94-100.
[16]赵庆彪,侯朝炯,马念杰.煤巷锚杆-锚索支护互补原理及其设计方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(4):490-493.ZHAO Qingbiao,HOU Chaojiong,MA Nianjie.Supplementary principle and design method of bolt and cable anchor supporting technique[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005,34(4):490-493.
[17]齐干,李占金,唐强达,等.深部大断面软岩巷道变形力学机制及耦合支护设计[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(4):455-459.QI Gan,LI Zhanjin,TANG Qiangda,et al.Deformation mechanical mechanism and coupling support design for deep large section soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(4):455-459.
[18]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:70-73.
[19]彭文斌.FLAC3D实用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:81-86.