摘要
通过对高应力泥岩顶板回采巷道破坏特征、力学变形机制及失稳原因分析,建立了回采巷道锚杆-锚索支护区变形协调方程,提出了高应力泥岩顶板回采巷道围岩控制关键技术,确定了预留断面高强预应力锚杆-锚索协调变形支护方案,并对设计方案进行了数值计算与工业性试验。结果表明:高应力泥岩顶板巷道表现为顶板破碎严重及离层量大、两帮呈非对称收敛变形与底鼓量大的特征;高应力及泥岩顶板软弱围岩是巷道围岩产生破坏的内在原因,锚杆-锚索支护强度过低及锚杆-锚索支护区非协调变形则是巷道围岩破坏失稳的外在原因;古汉山矿13051回采巷道围岩为高应力-节理化-膨胀性复合型(HJS)软岩,为Ⅰ_(AB)Ⅱ_(AB)Ⅲ_(ABD)复合型力学变形机制,采用设计支护方案后,巷道围岩变形能利于释放,围岩压力减小,锚杆-锚索受力均匀,巷道围岩变形保持在可控范围内,预留断面高强预应力锚杆-锚索协调变形支护利于巷道围岩稳定。
Through the analysis of failure characteristics, mechanical deformation mechanism and instability causes of high-stress mudstone roof gateway, the bolt-cable coordination deformation equation in gateway support area was established, the key technology of controlling surrounding rocks in highstress mudstone roof gateway was proposed, the support scheme of reservation section and high-strength pre-stressed bolt-cable coordination deformation was determined, and the numerical calculation and industrial test were carried out. The results have shown that high-stress mudstone roof gateway takes the characteristics of serious breaking and bed separation in roof, asymmetric shrinkage deformation in two sides and larger floor heave; internal causes of surrounding rock failure were high stress and weak mudstone roof, and external causes of instability were lower bolt-cable support strength and uncoordinated deformation in bolt-cable support area. Surrounding rock of gateway 13051 in Guhanshan Mine was weak rock with high-stress fractured expansion, a composite mechanical deformation of ⅠABⅡABⅢABD. After the application of design scheme, deformation energy of the surrounding rocks in the gateway was released easily, surrounding rock stress decreased, bolt-cable was stressed uniformly, surrounding rock deformation was kept within controllable range, and the support scheme of reservation section and high-strength pre-stressed bolt-cable coordination deformation was beneficial to gateway stability.
引文
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