有机氯农药污染土壤的植物修复技术研究综述
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摘要
有机氯农药是高残留农药,虽经早已禁止使用,且经过近三十年的自然降解,但土壤环境中的残留量仍相当可观,且通过食物链富集仍可对人体健康产生威胁。土壤,作为人类赖以生存的物质基础,也成为农药对人类产生间接毒害的介质,土壤环境多介质、多界面、多组分和复杂多变的特点使农药土壤污染具有隐蔽性、滞后性、不可逆转性、治理难而周期长等特点。本文主要介绍了有机氯农药的特性及其在土壤中的行为过程,介绍了运用植物修复技术治理污染土壤的机理、影响因素和研究方向。植物修复是指利用植物在生长过程中,吸收、降解、钝化有机污染物的一种原位处理污染土壤的方法,具有应用成本低、生态风险小、对环境副作用小等特点。
Organochlorine pesticides are highly residual. Although it has been banned very early and degraded spontaneously for nearly 30 years, the residual amount in soil environment is still considerable, and it can still be a threat to human health through the food chain enrichment. As the material basis for human existence, soil has also become an indirect toxic medium for pesticides, and the soil environment which is characterized by some special characteristics, including multi-medium, multi-layer, multi-component and other complex characteristics brings out the especial properties of pesticides soil pollution, being characterized by concealment, hysteresis, irreversibility, difficult treatment and long period. This paper mainly illustrates the characteristics of organochlorine pesticides and their behavior in soil, and demonstrates the mechanism, influencing factors and research direction of using phytoremediation technology to control polluted soil. Phytoremediation is a method of treating polluted soil in situ by the process of absorbing, degrading and passivation organic pollutants with plants, which is characterized by low cost of application, less ecological risk and light environmental side effects, etc.
Organochlorine pesticides are highly residual. Although it has been banned very early and degraded spontaneously for nearly 30 years, the residual amount in soil environment is still considerable, and it can still be a threat to human health through the food chain enrichment. As the material basis for human existence, soil has also become an indirect toxic medium for pesticides, and the soil environment which is characterized by some special characteristics, including multi-medium, multi-layer, multi-component and other complex characteristics brings out the especial properties of pesticides soil pollution, being characterized by concealment, hysteresis, irreversibility, difficult treatment and long period. This paper mainly illustrates the characteristics of organochlorine pesticides and their behavior in soil, and demonstrates the mechanism, influencing factors and research direction of using phytoremediation technology to control polluted soil. Phytoremediation is a method of treating polluted soil in situ by the process of absorbing, degrading and passivation organic pollutants with plants, which is characterized by low cost of application, less ecological risk and light environmental side effects, etc.
引文
[1]廖晓勇,陈同斌,阎秀兰,等.提高植物修复效率的技术途径与强化措施[J].环境科学学报.2007(6):100.
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[16]旷远文,温达志,钟传文,等.根系分泌物及其在植物修复中的作用[J].植物生态学报.2003(9):200-202.
[17]彭胜巍,周启星.持久性有机污染物的植物修复及其机理研究进展[J].生态学杂志.2008(3):280-283.
[18]汪小勇.有机氯农药(六六六)污染土壤植物修复技术研究[D].广西大学,2006.
[19]刘惠君,刘维屏.农药污染土壤的生物修复技术[J]..环境污染治理技术与设备.2001(4):20.
[20]潘淑颖,马光辉,宋建民,等.特异性作物对土壤中DDT降解的诱导作用研究[J].农业灾害研究,2012,2(6):53-56.
[21]潘声旺,刘灿,黄方玉.黑麦草根系分泌物对根际微生物降解有机氯农药的效应[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(8):876-880.
[22]党永富.土壤污染与生态治理——农业安全工程系统建设[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015,11.
[23]刘世亮,骆永明,丁克强,等.土壤中有机污染物的植物修复研究进展[J].土壤.2003(6):208-210.
[24]袁欣.有机氯农药在苏州土壤——植物间的环境迁移模拟研究[D].中国地质科学院,2006.
[25]何炎志.DOM对有机氯农药在土壤–地下水中的迁移影响研究[D].武汉科技大学,2015.
[26]王庆海,却晓娥.治理环境污染的绿色植物修复技术[J].中国生态农业报.2013(2):300.
[27]毕润成.土壤污染物概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.10-11.
[28]Wild S R,Jones K C.Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by carrots grown in sludge-amended soil.J Environ qual,1992,21:217-225.
[29]胡继业.农药残留分析与环境毒理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.308.
[30]张颖,伍钧.土壤污染与防治[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012:98-100.
[31]张宝杰,闫立龙,迟晓德.典型土壤污染的生物修复理论与技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2014.288.
[32]卢桂宁,党志,陶雪琴,等.农药污染土壤的植物修复研究进展[J].土壤通报.2006(2):166-167.
[2]姬艳梅,王小文,梁宝翠,等.土壤中有机氯农药的污染状况与生态毒性研究[J].农业灾害研究,2011(2):41-43.
[3]徐亮,刘月雪,包维楷.生物体内有机氯农药的研究进展[J].四川环境,2003,22(5):15-18.
[4]周晓萍,潘国绍,韩建龙,等.绍兴母乳中有机氯农药蓄积水平及趋势分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012(5):953-954.
[5]周静.上海地区合成麝香和有机氯农药的母婴暴露及人体传递特征研究[D].上海大学,2013.
[6]孙铁珩,李培军,周启星.土壤污染形成机理与修复技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.25.
[7]董洪梅,万大娟.有机氯农药污染土壤的植物修复机理研究进展[J].现代农药,2011,10(6):7-9.
[8]潘声旺,雷志华,吴云霄,等.根系分泌物在有机氯农药残留降解过程中的作用[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,39(4):669-676.
[9]代全林.植物修复与超富集植物[J].亚热带农药研究.2007(2):40-41.
[10]郭蓉,王彩霞,程国霞,等.2012-2015年陕西省蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留状况[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(12).
[11]庄国泰.土壤修复技术方法与应用[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.15.
[12]黄肖萌,高良敏.持久性有机污染物在环境中的迁移转化影响机制研究[J].广东化工,2017,44(3):81-82.
[13]李军.珠江三角洲有机氯农药污染的区域地球化学研究[D].中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2005.
[14]隋红,李洪.有机污染土壤和地下水修复[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.79.
[15]Coquet,Y.and Barriuso,E.2002.Spatial variability of pesticide adsorption within the topsoil of a small agricultural catchment.Agronomie,22:389-398.
[16]旷远文,温达志,钟传文,等.根系分泌物及其在植物修复中的作用[J].植物生态学报.2003(9):200-202.
[17]彭胜巍,周启星.持久性有机污染物的植物修复及其机理研究进展[J].生态学杂志.2008(3):280-283.
[18]汪小勇.有机氯农药(六六六)污染土壤植物修复技术研究[D].广西大学,2006.
[19]刘惠君,刘维屏.农药污染土壤的生物修复技术[J]..环境污染治理技术与设备.2001(4):20.
[20]潘淑颖,马光辉,宋建民,等.特异性作物对土壤中DDT降解的诱导作用研究[J].农业灾害研究,2012,2(6):53-56.
[21]潘声旺,刘灿,黄方玉.黑麦草根系分泌物对根际微生物降解有机氯农药的效应[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(8):876-880.
[22]党永富.土壤污染与生态治理——农业安全工程系统建设[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015,11.
[23]刘世亮,骆永明,丁克强,等.土壤中有机污染物的植物修复研究进展[J].土壤.2003(6):208-210.
[24]袁欣.有机氯农药在苏州土壤——植物间的环境迁移模拟研究[D].中国地质科学院,2006.
[25]何炎志.DOM对有机氯农药在土壤–地下水中的迁移影响研究[D].武汉科技大学,2015.
[26]王庆海,却晓娥.治理环境污染的绿色植物修复技术[J].中国生态农业报.2013(2):300.
[27]毕润成.土壤污染物概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.10-11.
[28]Wild S R,Jones K C.Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by carrots grown in sludge-amended soil.J Environ qual,1992,21:217-225.
[29]胡继业.农药残留分析与环境毒理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.308.
[30]张颖,伍钧.土壤污染与防治[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012:98-100.
[31]张宝杰,闫立龙,迟晓德.典型土壤污染的生物修复理论与技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2014.288.
[32]卢桂宁,党志,陶雪琴,等.农药污染土壤的植物修复研究进展[J].土壤通报.2006(2):166-167.