景观空间尺度对游客满意度的影响及情绪体验的中介作用研究
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摘要
本研究构建了景观空间尺度、游客体验中的新奇感和愉悦感及游客满意度的关系模型,并进行实证检验。研究表明:(1)景观空间尺度中的实体要素尺度、空间场所尺度、空间序列长度与空间转换频率对游客的新奇感、愉悦感与满意度存在显著的影响;(2)游客的愉悦感和新奇感对游客满意度存在显著的影响;(3)游客的愉悦感与新奇感通过实体要素尺度、空间场所尺度、空间序列长度与空间转换频率对游客满意度具有中介作用。该文探讨景观空间尺度对游客满意度的影响,扩展了游客满意度理论,并提出面向景观空间尺度的管理对策。
With the arrival of the global mass tourism era in nowadays society, people pursuit continuously aesthetic perception and recreation experience of landscape, tourist attractions' trend of development that is more and more to focus on the satisfaction of the tourists' experience, but usually ignores the important of the essence for spatial scale design of landscape, which results in the losing of sentimental perception with spatial scale of landscape. The spatial scale of landscape is an important factor that affects the aesthetic experience of the tourists, however academics and scholars pay very little attention to the influential effect on it.This study constructs the relational model of the influence for landscape spatial scale to tourists' satisfaction which takes the novelty and the pleasure of tourists' sentimental experience as the intermediary role, then takes scenic spots in tourist attractions of Tianyoufeng mountain in Wuyishan country Nanpin city Fujian province and Riguangyan mountain in Gulangyu island form Xiamen city Fujian province as empirical examples, collects data through questionnaire survey and tests them by analysis tools of SPSS software. The theoretical contributions of this study expand the source elements of the theory for satisfaction and develop the theory with integration mechanism of material space and emotional experience, even more and more attention for study this field in future. premeditating the spatial conversion frequency and enhancing the emotional experience of tourists' appreciation.
With the arrival of the global mass tourism era in nowadays society, people pursuit continuously aesthetic perception and recreation experience of landscape, tourist attractions' trend of development that is more and more to focus on the satisfaction of the tourists' experience, but usually ignores the important of the essence for spatial scale design of landscape, which results in the losing of sentimental perception with spatial scale of landscape. The spatial scale of landscape is an important factor that affects the aesthetic experience of the tourists, however academics and scholars pay very little attention to the influential effect on it.This study constructs the relational model of the influence for landscape spatial scale to tourists' satisfaction which takes the novelty and the pleasure of tourists' sentimental experience as the intermediary role, then takes scenic spots in tourist attractions of Tianyoufeng mountain in Wuyishan country Nanpin city Fujian province and Riguangyan mountain in Gulangyu island form Xiamen city Fujian province as empirical examples, collects data through questionnaire survey and tests them by analysis tools of SPSS software. The theoretical contributions of this study expand the source elements of the theory for satisfaction and develop the theory with integration mechanism of material space and emotional experience, even more and more attention for study this field in future. premeditating the spatial conversion frequency and enhancing the emotional experience of tourists' appreciation.
引文
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[11]Westbrook R A. Product consumption-based affective responses and post purchase processes[J]. Journal of Marketing Research,1987,24(3):258-270.
[12]刘建国,张妍,黄杏灵.基于感知情境的北京不同类型旅游景区游客满意度研究[J].地理科学,2018,38(4):564-574.[Liu Jianguo,Zhang Yan, Huang Xingling. Tourism satisfaction of different types of tourist attractions in Beijing based on perceived situation[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(4):564-574.
[13]罗盛锋,黄燕玲,程道品,等.情感因素对游客体验与满意度的影响研究——以桂林山水实景演出“印象·刘三姐”为例[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(1):51-58.[Luo Shengfeng, Huang Yanling, Cheng Daopin,et al. Study on the effect of affective factors on tourist experience and satisfaction:Taking the performance"impression of liusanjie"in Guilin as an example[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2011,26(1):51-58.]
[14]Lévy-leboyer C, Ratiu E. The need for space and residential satisfaction[J]. Architecture&Comportement/Architecture&Behaviour, 1993,9(4):475-490.
[15]刘滨谊,范榕.景观空间视觉吸引要素及其机制研究[J].中国园林,2013,29(5):5-10.[Liu Binyi, Fan Rong. Research on visual attraction elements and mechanism of landscape space[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2013,29(5):5-10.]
[16]Ittelson H W, Proshansky H M, Rivlin L G, et al. An Introduction to Environmental Psychology[M]. New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. U. S. A, 1974:102-125.
[17]Dann G M. Tourism motivations:An appraisal[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1981,8(2):189-219.
[18]邓位.景观的感知:走向景观符号学[J].世界建筑,2006,27(7):47-50.[Deng Wei. The perception of landscape perception:Towards landscape semiology[J]. World Architecture, 2006,27(7):47-50.]
[19]谢彦君.旅游体验研究:一种现象学的视角[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2005:230-245.[Xie Yanjun. A Study of Tourism Experience:A Phenomenological Perspective[M]. Tianjin:Nankai University Press, 2005:230-245.]
[20]Mano H, Oliver R. L. Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience:Evaluation, feeling, and satisfaction[J]. Journal of Consumer Research, 1993,20(3):451-466.
[21]Oliver R L, Swan J E. Consumer perceptions of interpersonal equity and satisfaction in transactions:A field survey approach[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1989,53(2):21-35.
[22]Wirtz D, Kruger J, Scollon C N, et al. What to do on spring break?The role of predicted, on-line, and remembered experience in future choice[J]. Psychological Science, 2003,14(5):520-524.
[23]Fornell C, Johnson D, Eugene W, et al. The American customer satisfaction index:Nature, purpose, and findings[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1996,60(4):7-19.
[24]Bosque I R D, Martín H S. Tourist satisfaction a cognitive-affective model[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2008,35(2):551-573.
[25]Willemijn V D, Ko de Ruyter, Jos L. An empirical assessment of the influence of customer emotions and contact employee performance on encounter and relationship satisfaction[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2004,57(4):437-444.
[26]LeeT H, Crompton J. Measuring novelty seeking in tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1992,19(4):732-751.
[27]Westbrook R A. Product consumption-based affective responses and post purchase processes[J]. Journal of Marketiung Research,1987,24(3):258-274.
[28] Dorfman P W. Measurement and meaning of recreation satisfaction[J]. Environment&Behavior, 1979,11(4),483-510.
[29]约翰·O·西蒙兹,巴里·W·斯塔克.景观设计学:场地规划与设计手册[M].朱强,俞孔坚,王志芳,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:213.[John O S, Barry W S. Landscape Design:Site Planning and Design Manual[M]. Zhu Qiang, Yu Kongjian, Wang Zhifang,trans. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2009:213.]
[30]Jonghyeong K. Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences[J]. European Journal of Tourism Research, 2012,3(1):12-25.
[31]Russell J A, Pratt G A. A description of the affective quality attributed to environments[J]. Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 1980,38(2):311-322.
[32]Fornell C, Johnson M D, Anderson E W, et al. The American customer satisfaction index:Nature, purpose and findings[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1996,60(4):7-18.
[33]Rojas C D, Camarero C. Visitors'experience, mood and satisfaction in a heritage context:Evidence from an interpretation center[J].Tourism Management, 2008,29(3):525-537.
[34]彭一刚.建筑空间组合论(第3版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:41.[Peng Yigang. Architectural Space Combination(3rd Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2008:41.]
[35]芦原义信.外部空间设计[M].尹培桐,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984:27-30.[Aihara Yoshino. External Space Design[M]. Yin Peitong, trans. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 1984:27-30.]
[2]沈莉颖.城市居住区园林空间尺度研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012:25-26.[Shen Liying. Study on Landscape's Space Scale in Urban Residential Area[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2012:25-26.]
[3] Blumenfeld H. Scale in civic design[J]. Town Planning Review,1953,24(1):35-46.
[4] Kultermann U. Kenzo Tange, 1946—1969:Architecture and Urban Design[M]. Switzerland:Artemis Press, 1970:70-150.
[5]托伯特·哈姆林.建筑形式美的原则[M].邹德侬,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982:86-174.[Hamlin T. The Principle of Architectural Form Beauty[M]. Zou Denong, trans. Beijing:China Building Industry Press, 1982:86-174.]
[6]扬·盖尔,拉尔斯·吉姆松.交往与空间[M].何人可,张卫,邱灿红,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:55-64.[Jan Gail, Lars Jimson.Communication and Space[M]. He Renke, Zhang Wei, Qiu Canhong, trans. Beijing:China Building Industry Press, 1992:55-64.]
[7]张杰,霍晓卫.北京古城城市设计中的人文尺度[J].世界建筑,2002,23(2):66-71.[Zhang Jie, Huo Xiaowei. Human scale in the planning and design of ancient Beijing[J]. World Architecture, 2002,23(2):66-71.]
[8]徐军.人体工程学概论[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2002:115.[Xu Jun. Introduction to Ergonomics[M]. Beijing:China Textile Press,2002:115.]
[9]刘翔,邹志荣.园林景观空间尺度的视觉性量化控制[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(7):2757-2758.[Liu Xiang, Zou Zhirong. Study on the visual quantification control of spatial scale in garden landscape[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci, 2008,36(7):2757-2758.]
[10]刘滨谊,张亭.基于视觉感受的景观空间序列组织[J].中国园林,2010,26(11):31-35.[Liu Binyi, ZhangTing. Landscape space sequence organization based on visual sense[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2010,26(11):31-35.]
[11]Westbrook R A. Product consumption-based affective responses and post purchase processes[J]. Journal of Marketing Research,1987,24(3):258-270.
[12]刘建国,张妍,黄杏灵.基于感知情境的北京不同类型旅游景区游客满意度研究[J].地理科学,2018,38(4):564-574.[Liu Jianguo,Zhang Yan, Huang Xingling. Tourism satisfaction of different types of tourist attractions in Beijing based on perceived situation[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(4):564-574.
[13]罗盛锋,黄燕玲,程道品,等.情感因素对游客体验与满意度的影响研究——以桂林山水实景演出“印象·刘三姐”为例[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(1):51-58.[Luo Shengfeng, Huang Yanling, Cheng Daopin,et al. Study on the effect of affective factors on tourist experience and satisfaction:Taking the performance"impression of liusanjie"in Guilin as an example[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2011,26(1):51-58.]
[14]Lévy-leboyer C, Ratiu E. The need for space and residential satisfaction[J]. Architecture&Comportement/Architecture&Behaviour, 1993,9(4):475-490.
[15]刘滨谊,范榕.景观空间视觉吸引要素及其机制研究[J].中国园林,2013,29(5):5-10.[Liu Binyi, Fan Rong. Research on visual attraction elements and mechanism of landscape space[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2013,29(5):5-10.]
[16]Ittelson H W, Proshansky H M, Rivlin L G, et al. An Introduction to Environmental Psychology[M]. New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. U. S. A, 1974:102-125.
[17]Dann G M. Tourism motivations:An appraisal[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1981,8(2):189-219.
[18]邓位.景观的感知:走向景观符号学[J].世界建筑,2006,27(7):47-50.[Deng Wei. The perception of landscape perception:Towards landscape semiology[J]. World Architecture, 2006,27(7):47-50.]
[19]谢彦君.旅游体验研究:一种现象学的视角[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2005:230-245.[Xie Yanjun. A Study of Tourism Experience:A Phenomenological Perspective[M]. Tianjin:Nankai University Press, 2005:230-245.]
[20]Mano H, Oliver R. L. Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience:Evaluation, feeling, and satisfaction[J]. Journal of Consumer Research, 1993,20(3):451-466.
[21]Oliver R L, Swan J E. Consumer perceptions of interpersonal equity and satisfaction in transactions:A field survey approach[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1989,53(2):21-35.
[22]Wirtz D, Kruger J, Scollon C N, et al. What to do on spring break?The role of predicted, on-line, and remembered experience in future choice[J]. Psychological Science, 2003,14(5):520-524.
[23]Fornell C, Johnson D, Eugene W, et al. The American customer satisfaction index:Nature, purpose, and findings[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1996,60(4):7-19.
[24]Bosque I R D, Martín H S. Tourist satisfaction a cognitive-affective model[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2008,35(2):551-573.
[25]Willemijn V D, Ko de Ruyter, Jos L. An empirical assessment of the influence of customer emotions and contact employee performance on encounter and relationship satisfaction[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2004,57(4):437-444.
[26]LeeT H, Crompton J. Measuring novelty seeking in tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 1992,19(4):732-751.
[27]Westbrook R A. Product consumption-based affective responses and post purchase processes[J]. Journal of Marketiung Research,1987,24(3):258-274.
[28] Dorfman P W. Measurement and meaning of recreation satisfaction[J]. Environment&Behavior, 1979,11(4),483-510.
[29]约翰·O·西蒙兹,巴里·W·斯塔克.景观设计学:场地规划与设计手册[M].朱强,俞孔坚,王志芳,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:213.[John O S, Barry W S. Landscape Design:Site Planning and Design Manual[M]. Zhu Qiang, Yu Kongjian, Wang Zhifang,trans. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2009:213.]
[30]Jonghyeong K. Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences[J]. European Journal of Tourism Research, 2012,3(1):12-25.
[31]Russell J A, Pratt G A. A description of the affective quality attributed to environments[J]. Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 1980,38(2):311-322.
[32]Fornell C, Johnson M D, Anderson E W, et al. The American customer satisfaction index:Nature, purpose and findings[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1996,60(4):7-18.
[33]Rojas C D, Camarero C. Visitors'experience, mood and satisfaction in a heritage context:Evidence from an interpretation center[J].Tourism Management, 2008,29(3):525-537.
[34]彭一刚.建筑空间组合论(第3版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:41.[Peng Yigang. Architectural Space Combination(3rd Edition)[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2008:41.]
[35]芦原义信.外部空间设计[M].尹培桐,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1984:27-30.[Aihara Yoshino. External Space Design[M]. Yin Peitong, trans. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 1984:27-30.]