台湾牛樟在海南引种栽培及生长特性研究
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摘要
为了在海南成功引种台湾牛樟,以获得适合当地种植、推广的优势树和栽培技术,对半年生台湾牛樟幼苗进行引种栽培试验。研究台湾牛樟幼苗在3种不同郁闭度(郁闭度0、0.3、0.8)和3种基质类型(酸性砖红壤,椰糠+红壤,河沙+红壤)下的成活情况、生长状况。结果表明:台湾牛樟一年3~4次抽稍,属中期生长型,嫩叶与新梢颜色呈棕红、浅绿相间,树体主干分叉生长。在郁闭度0.3条件下,幼苗成活率、保存率为最大值,分别是100%和93.3%;郁闭度0和0.3条件下,2年生台湾牛樟树高、地径、冠幅的总生长量较高,引种表现出良好的适应性和抗逆性;郁闭度0.8黄桐林下套种表现最差;3种基质类型中幼苗成活保存率以"椰糠+红壤"基质最高。说明郁闭度是影响台湾牛樟生长发育的主要因子,栽培基质具有促进其生长发育的作用。
In order to successfully introduce C. kanehirae Hayata(Lauraceae), we carried out the cultivation a study of half a year seedlings introduced in Hainan on seedlings survival and growth in three substrate(acid laterite, coconut chaff + laterite, river sand + laterite) and three canopy densities(canopy density of 0, 0.3, 0.8).The results indicated that C. kanehirae Hayata generated new shoots for 3 to 4 times a year, and it belongs to the mid growth form. The new leaves and shoots were brownish-red, light green, and stem branches growing. The survival and retention rate of the seedlings was 100% and 93.3% respectively under the canopy density of 0.3. Height growth and ground diameter of 2 year old plants were the highest and showed well adaptability and reversibility under the canopy density of 0 and 0.3, but they were the worst under the canopy density of 0.8. The survival rate of the seedlings was the highest which grew in the "coconut bran + red soil" matrix among three substrates. In summary, the canopy density is the main factor that affects the development of C. kanehirae Hayata and the cultivation substrate is an important factor to promote growth.
In order to successfully introduce C. kanehirae Hayata(Lauraceae), we carried out the cultivation a study of half a year seedlings introduced in Hainan on seedlings survival and growth in three substrate(acid laterite, coconut chaff + laterite, river sand + laterite) and three canopy densities(canopy density of 0, 0.3, 0.8).The results indicated that C. kanehirae Hayata generated new shoots for 3 to 4 times a year, and it belongs to the mid growth form. The new leaves and shoots were brownish-red, light green, and stem branches growing. The survival and retention rate of the seedlings was 100% and 93.3% respectively under the canopy density of 0.3. Height growth and ground diameter of 2 year old plants were the highest and showed well adaptability and reversibility under the canopy density of 0 and 0.3, but they were the worst under the canopy density of 0.8. The survival rate of the seedlings was the highest which grew in the "coconut bran + red soil" matrix among three substrates. In summary, the canopy density is the main factor that affects the development of C. kanehirae Hayata and the cultivation substrate is an important factor to promote growth.
引文
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[24]黄宏文,段子渊,廖景平,等.植物引种驯化对近500年人类文明史的影响及其科学意义[J].植物学报,2015,50(3):280-294.
[2]Wu C C,Ho C K,Chang S H.The complete chloroplast genome of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata(Lauraceae)[J].Mitochondrial DNA,2016,27(4):2 681-2 682.
[3]Liu Y G,Chen K H,Leu Y L,et al.Ethanol extracts of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata leaves induce apoptosis in human hepatoma cell through caspase-3 cascade[J].Onco Targets and Therapy,2015,8:99-109.
[4]赖敏男.台湾牛樟芝发展史及人工栽培现状[J].食药用菌,2017,25(2):84-89.
[5]陈体强,方忠玉.台湾珍稀药用菌樟芝及其寄(腐)腐生树种牛樟[J].福建农业科技,2003(1):41-42.
[6]Liao P C,Kuo D C,Lin C C,et al.Historical spatial range expansion and a very Research article recent bottleneck of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay(Lauraceae)in Taiwan inferred from nuclear genes[J].BMC Evolutionary Biology,2010,10(1):124-141.
[7]孟红岩,郭莺,林文珍,等.台湾牛樟总RNA提取方法的建立[J].亚热带植物科学,2016,45(1):53-56.
[8]张知晓,季梅,泽桑梓.牛樟芝培养技术的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(3):94-99.
[9]Lin Y W,Pan J H,Liu R H,et al.The 4-acetylantroquinonol B isolated from mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea indibits proliferation of hepatoma cells[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,90(10):1 739-1 744.
[10]官锦燕,谭嘉娜,罗剑飘,等.牛樟的组织培养和植株再生[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(4):63-68.
[11]林新春,曾余力,王晓芹,等.牛樟体胚培养基及组培快繁方法:中国,200810121612.0[P].2009-05-13.
[12]曾群生.牛樟扦插育苗技术研究[J].福建热作科技,2011,36(2):21-23.
[13]高毓斌,黄松根.牛樟之扦插繁殖[J].林业试验所研究报告季刊,1993,8(4):371-388.
[14]辛亚龙,唐军荣,杨宇明,等.牛樟组织培养技术研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(8):48-53.
[15]朱金鑫,王娟,陈剑,等.牛樟树光合作用变化特性研究[J].中国林业产业,2016(7):286-288.
[16]林永洲.台湾牛樟引种造林试验初报[J].福建热作科技,2017,42(1):39-43.
[17]谭天逸.北京地区引种胡杨的生长特性及影响因素[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[18]王文娟,薛永伟.宁夏地区砂生槐引种试验[J].北方园艺,2017(08):152-155.
[19]杨海宽,章挺,汪信东,等.牛樟叶精油化学成分分析及类型划分研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(4):668-673.
[20]李正付,彭金良,颜成生,等.弱光胁迫及光照转换对烤烟生理特性及品质的影响[J].作物研究,2016,7:771-775.
[21]孙一荣,朱教君,于立忠,等.不同光环境对红松幼苗光合生理特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(5):850-857.
[22]孟鹏.低养分基质下沙地柏和樟子松苗木对遮荫的响应[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3 190-3 198.
[23]刘春生,刘鹏,张志祥,等.九龙山濒危植物南方铁杉的生态位研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2009,27(1):55-61.
[24]黄宏文,段子渊,廖景平,等.植物引种驯化对近500年人类文明史的影响及其科学意义[J].植物学报,2015,50(3):280-294.