论图书馆的合理使用——以应对数据商的限制为视角
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摘要
数字化与网络化的发展,在便利作品利用与传播的同时,也给合理使用带来了负面影响。数据商凭借优势地位,以许可协议与技术措施限制图书馆的合理使用。合理使用从性质上而言,属于对著作权人的权利限制,除允许著作权人保留以外,均属于强制性规范。数据商与图书馆之间签订的限制或排除合理使用的相关条款无效,违反该条款既不构成侵权,也不构成违约。技术措施可区分为接触控制措施和版权保护措施,法律仅有必要保护版权保护措施,图书馆可基于合理使用目的规避技术措施,而数据商应提供相应技术支持。
The development of digitization and networking makes using and disseminating work more convenient,however at the same time,also brings a series of negative effects. The database vendors with their dominant position,cause great obstacles to the fair use of the library. Fair use in nature,is the restriction on the rights of copyright holders,in addition to the two cases that the copyright law explicitly allows reservations,the fair use provisions are all mandatory norms,therefore,the contract terms to limit or exclude fair use signed between database vendors and library is invalid. The library' s fair use breaks contract although,is neither liable for copyright infringement,nor be liable for breach of contract. Technical measures can be divided into two categories: access control measure and copyright protection measure. Only the access control measure should be protected,library can eliminate copyright protection measure directly for fair use,and the database vendors shall provide corresponding technical support.
The development of digitization and networking makes using and disseminating work more convenient,however at the same time,also brings a series of negative effects. The database vendors with their dominant position,cause great obstacles to the fair use of the library. Fair use in nature,is the restriction on the rights of copyright holders,in addition to the two cases that the copyright law explicitly allows reservations,the fair use provisions are all mandatory norms,therefore,the contract terms to limit or exclude fair use signed between database vendors and library is invalid. The library' s fair use breaks contract although,is neither liable for copyright infringement,nor be liable for breach of contract. Technical measures can be divided into two categories: access control measure and copyright protection measure. Only the access control measure should be protected,library can eliminate copyright protection measure directly for fair use,and the database vendors shall provide corresponding technical support.
引文
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[31]Marshall Leaffer.The Uncertain Future of Fair Use in Global Information Marketplace[J].Ohio State Law Journal,2001(2):849-867.
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[37]幸秋妙.数字时代下有关图书馆之著作权限制规定研究[D].北京:中国政法大学,2011:7.
[39]刘颖.版权法上技术措施的范围[J].法学评论,2017(3):96-106.
[40]李明德,闫文军,黄晖,等.欧盟知识产权法[M].北京:法律出版社,2010:304.
[41]王迁.论禁止规避技术措施的范围[J].法学家,2016(6):133-145.
[2]谢惠加.版权作品消费者的权益保护[J].知识产权,2014(10):37-44.
[3]郑成思.版权法(上)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009:284.
[4][9][25]吴汉东.著作权合理使用制度研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013:120-121,116,229-230.
[5][6][19][21][35]朱理.著作权的边界---信息社会著作权的限制与例外研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011:61-63,66-67,155.
[7]Haochen Sun,Fair Use As A Collective User Right[J].North Carolina Law Review,2011(11):125-201.
[8][11]阳东辉,张晓.合理使用的性质重解和制度完善[J].知识产权,2015(5):62-66.
[10]王莘与北京谷翔信息技术有限公司、谷歌公司侵害著作权纠纷[EB/OL].(2014-12-31)[2018-07-10].http://www.ipknow.cn/lawcase/show-61039.html.
[12]E·博登海默.法理学、法律哲学与法律方法[M].邓正来,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004:278.
[13]迈克尔·盖斯特.为了公共利益---加拿大版权法的未来[M].李静,译.北京:知识产权出版社,2008:41.
[14]Pierre N.Leval,Towards a Fair Use Standard[J].Harvard Law Review,1990(5):1105-1136.
[15]黄汇.版权法上的公共领域研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2014:54-55.
[16]Wendy J.Gordon,A Property Right in Self-Expression:Equality and Individualism in the Natural Law of Intellectual Property Right[J].Yale Law Journal,1993(7):1533-1609.
[17]Jessica Litman.The Public Domain[J].Emory Law Journal,1990(4):965-1023.
[18]黄茂荣.法学方法与现代民法[M].北京:法律出版社,2007:156.
[20]法律出版社法规中心编.中华人民共和国知识产权法典:应用版[M].北京:法律出版社,2011:38.
[22]Daniel R.Cahoy:Oasis or Mirage:Efficient Breach as a Relief to the Burden of Contractual Recapture of Patent and Copyright Limitations[J].Harvard Journal of Law&Technology,2003(1):135-178.
[24]向林芳.外文电子期刊数据库捆绑纸本订购模式分析[J].图书馆学研究,2012(3):52-57.
[26]Pro CD,Inc.v.Zeidenberg,86 F.3d 1447(7th Cir.1996)[EB/OL].(2018-10-10)[2018-10-10].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro CD,_Inc._v._Zeidenberg.
[27]林鸥.美国版权滥用原则的演进与反思[J].科技与法律,2010(3):80-84.
[28]王迁.“技术措施”概念四辨[J].华东政法大学学报,2015(2):30-40.
[29]北京精雕科技有限公司与上海奈凯电子科技有限公司计算机软件著作权侵权纠纷一案[EB/OL].(2015-04-15)[2018-07-10].http://www.exam8.com/file/falvwenshu/panjueshu/201001/1817311.html.
[30][34]王迁.版权法保护技术措施的正当性[J].法学研究,2011(4):88-105.
[31]Marshall Leaffer.The Uncertain Future of Fair Use in Global Information Marketplace[J].Ohio State Law Journal,2001(2):849-867.
[32][33][36][38]梁志文.数字著作权论---以《信息网络传播权保护条例》为中心[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2007:380,384,381,383.
[37]幸秋妙.数字时代下有关图书馆之著作权限制规定研究[D].北京:中国政法大学,2011:7.
[39]刘颖.版权法上技术措施的范围[J].法学评论,2017(3):96-106.
[40]李明德,闫文军,黄晖,等.欧盟知识产权法[M].北京:法律出版社,2010:304.
[41]王迁.论禁止规避技术措施的范围[J].法学家,2016(6):133-145.