天山山区典型内陆河流域径流组分特征分析
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摘要
通过对天山南北坡的两个典型流域降水、地下水、河流、融冰雪水δD和δ18O及水化学检测,基于同位素径流分割模型定量分析了年内径流组分特征。结果表明:(1)两条河流的径流组成中地下水为构成径流的主要成分,其次是冰川融水,融雪水及降水,但南北坡径流组分表现出较明显的差异,乌鲁木齐河流域中冰川融水的比重要大于黄水沟流域,对气候变化响应明显。(2)两条河流在不同季节径流组分也表现出较大差异,春季径流组分差异最为明显。
Runoff generation and its dynamics are the fundamental of hydrology and are very crucial to water resource management. Based on isotope hydrograph method,the paper explored and compared the runoff generation mechanism of two typical inland rivers in the Tianshan Mountains(i.e.,Urumqi River on the north slope and Huangshuigou River on the south slope),based on the monitored weather,flow and isotope data of a hydrological year. Results show as follows:(1)in both rivers,precipitation,river water and groundwater exhibit noticeable spatial and temporal variations in stable δ18O and δD compositions,and there is an increasing trend of δ18O in the river water during snowmelt period(late autumn and spring);(2)isotope hydrograph separation shows that generally,groundwater is the major recharging source(over 50% of streamflow),followed by glaciermelt,snowmelt and precipitation in these two rivers;Urumqi River has a larger contribution from glaciermelt than Huangshuigou River does,indicating that Urumqi River is more sensitive to the temperature change;(3)these two rivers have similar contribution components in all seasons except for spring in which Huangshuigou River has similar contributions from groundwater and snowmelt,while Urumqi River has a larger contribution from groundwater than snowmelt.
Runoff generation and its dynamics are the fundamental of hydrology and are very crucial to water resource management. Based on isotope hydrograph method,the paper explored and compared the runoff generation mechanism of two typical inland rivers in the Tianshan Mountains(i.e.,Urumqi River on the north slope and Huangshuigou River on the south slope),based on the monitored weather,flow and isotope data of a hydrological year. Results show as follows:(1)in both rivers,precipitation,river water and groundwater exhibit noticeable spatial and temporal variations in stable δ18O and δD compositions,and there is an increasing trend of δ18O in the river water during snowmelt period(late autumn and spring);(2)isotope hydrograph separation shows that generally,groundwater is the major recharging source(over 50% of streamflow),followed by glaciermelt,snowmelt and precipitation in these two rivers;Urumqi River has a larger contribution from glaciermelt than Huangshuigou River does,indicating that Urumqi River is more sensitive to the temperature change;(3)these two rivers have similar contribution components in all seasons except for spring in which Huangshuigou River has similar contributions from groundwater and snowmelt,while Urumqi River has a larger contribution from groundwater than snowmelt.
引文
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[13]赵良菊,尹力,肖洪浪,等.黑河源区水汽来源及地表径流组成的稳定同位素证据[J].科学通报,2011,(56):58-67[.ZHAOLiangju,YIN Li,XIAO Honglang,et al.Isotopic evidence for the moisture origin and composition of surface runoff in the headwaters of the Heihe River basin[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2011,(56):58-67.]
[14]王江,周雅蔓,王昀,等.2014年夏初南疆一次持续性强降雨过程的水汽和动力条件分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1103-1111.[WANG Jiang,ZHOU Ya-man,WANG Yun,et al.Water vapour and dynamic conditions of a continuity heavy rainfall over southern Xinjiang in early summer 2014[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(6):1103-1111.]
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[16]WANG J,LI H,HAO X.Responses of snowmelt runoff to climatic change in an inland river basin,Northwestern China,over the past 50 years[J].Hydrol Earth Syst Sci,2010,14:1979-198.
[2]IPCC.Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report(AR5).Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Final Draft Underlying Scientific-Technical-Assessment[OL].http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_Final Draft_All.pdf,2013.
[3]陈亚宁,李稚,范煜婷,等.西北干旱区气候变化对水文水资源影响研究进展[J].地理学报,2014,69(9):1295-1304[.CHENYaning,LI Zhi,FAN Yuting et al.Research progress on the impact of climate change on water resources in the arid region of Northwest China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(9):1295-1304.]
[4]CHEN Y,XU Z.Plausible impact of global climate change on water resources in the Tarim River Basin[J].Science in China:(Series D),2005,48(1),65-73.
[5]陈亚宁,杨青,罗毅,等.西北干旱区水资源问题研究思考[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):1-9[.CHEN Yaning,YANG Qing,LUO Yi,et al.Ponder on the issue of water resources in the arid region of Northwest China[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):1-9.]
[6]CHEN Y,KUNIYOSHI Takeuchi,XU C,et al.Regional climate change and its effects on river runoff in the Tarim Basin,China[J].Hydrological Processes,2006,20(10),2207-2216.
[7]KONG Y,PANG Z.Evaluating the sensitivity of glacier rivers to climate change based on hydrograph separation of discharge[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,434,121-129.
[8]SHEN Yanjun,CHEN Yaning.Global perspective on hydrology,water balance,and water resources management in arid basins[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,24(2),129-135.
[9]SUN Congjian,CHEN Yaning,LI Xingong,et al.Analysis on the streamflow components of the typical inland river,Northwest China[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,2016,61(5):970-981.
[10]SUN Congjian,LI Weihong,CHEN Yaning,et al.Isotopic and hydrochemical composition of runoff in the Urumqi River,Tianshan Mountains,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74:1521-1537.DOI:10.1007/s12665-015-4144-x
[11]SUN Congjian,CHEN Yaning,LI Weihong,et al.Isotopic timeseries partitioning of streamflow components under regional climate change in the Urumqi River,northwest China[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,2016,61(8),1443-1459.DOI:10.1080/02626667.2015.1031757
[12]SUN Congjian,LI Xingong,CHEN Yaning,et al.Spatial and temporal characteristics of stable isotopes in the Tarim River Basin[J].Isotopes in Environmental&Health Studies,2016,52(3):281-297.DOI:10.1080/10256016.2016.1125350
[13]赵良菊,尹力,肖洪浪,等.黑河源区水汽来源及地表径流组成的稳定同位素证据[J].科学通报,2011,(56):58-67[.ZHAOLiangju,YIN Li,XIAO Honglang,et al.Isotopic evidence for the moisture origin and composition of surface runoff in the headwaters of the Heihe River basin[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2011,(56):58-67.]
[14]王江,周雅蔓,王昀,等.2014年夏初南疆一次持续性强降雨过程的水汽和动力条件分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1103-1111.[WANG Jiang,ZHOU Ya-man,WANG Yun,et al.Water vapour and dynamic conditions of a continuity heavy rainfall over southern Xinjiang in early summer 2014[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(6):1103-1111.]
[15]TUMER J,MACPHERSON D.Mechanisms affecting streamflow and stream water quality:An approach via stable isotope,hydrogeochemical,and time series analysis[J].Water resources research,1990,26(12),3005-3019.
[16]WANG J,LI H,HAO X.Responses of snowmelt runoff to climatic change in an inland river basin,Northwestern China,over the past 50 years[J].Hydrol Earth Syst Sci,2010,14:1979-198.