普惠金融发展如何缓解贫困?——一个文献评述
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摘要
近年来,普惠金融发展对减缓贫困的作用备受学界关注。本文系统梳理了国内外普惠金融发展减缓贫困的理论和实证文献。理论研究发现,服务贫困人群是普惠金融的重要内容,普惠金融的发展有助于减缓贫困,普惠金融通过影响消费和收入实现减贫。实证研究则证实了普惠金融发展是减缓贫困的有效途径,其主要路径有三条:缓解贫困人群的信贷约束,提高贫困人群的收入水平;提升经济增长水平,发挥经济增长对贫困人群的溢出效应;扩大金融服务的可得性,促使贫困人群更好地利用金融服务。已有文献表明,普惠金融发展减缓贫困面临着政策环境有待优化、激励机制有待完善、部分金融机构存在目标偏离等诸多问题,并从强化金融宣传教育、政府部门加大政府扶持、借助技术优势等方面提出了应对措施。未来可进一步探索普惠金融减贫的微观机制、影响因素、配套条件。
In recent years, the role of inclusive financial development in alleviating poverty has attracted much academic attention. This paper systematically summaries the theoretical and empirical literatures on inclusive finance and alleviating poverty. The theoretical research finds that serving the poor is an important part of inclusive finance. The development of inclusive finance can help alleviate poverty, and inclusive finance can reduce poverty by influencing consumption and income. Empirical research confirms that inclusive financial development is an effective way to alleviating poverty through three main paths:(i) Alleviating the credit constraints of the poor, and improving their income level;(ii) Raising the level of economic growth, and using economic growth to spill over the poor;(iii) Expanding the availability of financial services, and promoting the poor to make better use of financial services. The existing literatures also show that alleviating poverty by inclusive financial development is faced with many problems, such as the need to optimize the policy environment, the need to improve incentive mechanisms, and the objectives deviation of some financial institutions. Some countermeasures have been put forward, for example, strengthening financial publicity and education, more policy supports from government departments, and the use of technological advantages. Future research can further explore the micro-mechanism, influencing factors and supporting conditions of inclusive financial development on alleviating poverty.
In recent years, the role of inclusive financial development in alleviating poverty has attracted much academic attention. This paper systematically summaries the theoretical and empirical literatures on inclusive finance and alleviating poverty. The theoretical research finds that serving the poor is an important part of inclusive finance. The development of inclusive finance can help alleviate poverty, and inclusive finance can reduce poverty by influencing consumption and income. Empirical research confirms that inclusive financial development is an effective way to alleviating poverty through three main paths:(i) Alleviating the credit constraints of the poor, and improving their income level;(ii) Raising the level of economic growth, and using economic growth to spill over the poor;(iii) Expanding the availability of financial services, and promoting the poor to make better use of financial services. The existing literatures also show that alleviating poverty by inclusive financial development is faced with many problems, such as the need to optimize the policy environment, the need to improve incentive mechanisms, and the objectives deviation of some financial institutions. Some countermeasures have been put forward, for example, strengthening financial publicity and education, more policy supports from government departments, and the use of technological advantages. Future research can further explore the micro-mechanism, influencing factors and supporting conditions of inclusive financial development on alleviating poverty.
引文
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(1)对此,星焱(2016)指出,普惠金融本身包括内生式和外生式两种发展模式,它并不是纯粹的非正规机构,并且这些机构也存在经营困境、使命漂移等问题。
2.陈建伟和陈银娥,普惠金融助推精准脱贫的理论与政策思考,当代经济研究,2017年第5期,85-90。
3.陈银娥、孙琼和徐文障,中国普惠金融发展的分布动态与空间趋同研究,金融经济学研究,2015年第12期,72-81。
4.董晓林和朱敏杰,农村金融供给侧改革与普惠金融体系建设,南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016年第6期,14-18。
5.杜莉和潘晓健,普惠金融、金融服务均衡化与区域经济发展--基于中国省际面板数据模型的研究,吉林大学学报(社会科学版),2017年第5期,37-44。
6.杜强和潘怡,普惠金融对我国地区经济发展的影响研究--基于省际面板数据的实证分析,经济问题探索,2016年第3期,178-184。
7.杜晓山,关于政府政策支持金融扶贫的思考,治理现代化研究,2018年第3期,34-39。
8.杜晓山、张睿和王丹,执着地服务穷人--格莱珉银行的普惠金融实践及对我国的启示--兼与《格莱珉银行变形记:“从普惠金融到普通金融”》商榷,南方金融,2017年第3期,3-13。
9.韩晓宇,普惠金融的减贫效应--基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析,金融评论,2017年第2期,69-82。
10.何德旭和苗文龙,金融排斥、金融包容与中国普惠金融制度的构建,财贸经济,2015年第3期,5-16。
11.何学松和孔荣,普惠金融减缓农村贫困的机理分析与实证检验,西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017年第3期,76-83。
12.黄永兴和陆凤芝,普惠金融能缩小城乡收入差距吗?--基于非线性与线性面板模型的检验,商业研究,2017年第6期,63-68。
13.纪志宏,把农村金融改革和普惠金融发展紧密结合,农业发展与金融,2017年第6期,15-16。
14.李建军和韩珣,金融排斥、金融密度与普惠金融--理论逻辑、评价指标与实践检验,兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2017年第4期,19-35。
15.李建伟、李树生和胡斌,具有普惠金融内涵的金融发展与城乡收入分配的失衡调整--基于VEC模型的实证研究,云南财经大学学报(社会科学版),2015年第1期,110-116。
16.李建伟,普惠金融发展与城乡收入分配失衡调整--基于空间计量模型的实证研究,国际金融研究,2017年第10期,14-23。
17.刘涛,贫困地区普惠金融存在的问题与对策--基于乌蒙山区农村问卷调查的分析,武汉金融,2017年第8期,8-12。
18.卢盼盼和张长全,中国普惠金融的减贫效应,宏观经济研究,2017年第8期,33-43。
19.陆岷峰和葛和平,发展普惠金融的关键在于提升服务客体的履责能力--基于普惠金融中公平享有权主、客体的博弈分析,经济与管理,2017年第124期,43-48。
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(1)对此,星焱(2016)指出,普惠金融本身包括内生式和外生式两种发展模式,它并不是纯粹的非正规机构,并且这些机构也存在经营困境、使命漂移等问题。