黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛土壤盐分空间分异特征
|
摘要
对黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛贝壳砂基质和相邻滨海盐土的盐分特征进行调查研究,系统分析贝壳堤岛土壤盐分的空间异质性。选择不同地下水埋深梯度下2种土壤类型进行剖面盐分特征测定,比较研究土壤类型及地下水埋深对土壤盐分特征的影响,并应用主成分分析法对土壤盐分特征进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)除Ca2+外,贝壳砂基质剖面中其余盐分特征指标由表层至底层均呈现逐渐增高的趋势,Ca2+含量由上至下则呈现缓慢降低的趋势;(2)贝壳砂基质剖面盐分含量与地下水埋深密切相关,近海侧剖面(地下水埋深1.5m)细颗粒含量、含水量、含盐量及pH值均高于滩脊剖面(地下水埋深2.5m)对应各层次;而各盐分离子中,近海侧剖面各层K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-含量明显高于滩脊剖面对应各层次;而Ca2+、Mg2+则不同,其近海侧剖面与滩脊剖面对应各层次含量均比较接近;(3)贝壳堤岛土壤样品盐分特征指标相关分析表明,除Ca2+外,其余各指标之间多存在显著或极显著正相关关系;(4)贝壳堤岛土壤样品盐分特征指标的主成分分析表明,前4个主成分因子累计贡献率为84.265%,分别依次可以理解为土壤的盐化状况因子、土壤Ca2+含量因子、土壤含盐量及碱化特征因子、土壤K+含量因子;主成分得分可以很好的将各土壤样品进行分类和排序。
Salinity characteristics of shell sand and adjacent ordinary saline soil was investigated in the shell ridge island of the Yellow River Delta.Spatial variability of salinity in the shell ridge was analyzed.Salinity characteristics of the profiles of two types of soil(shell sand and saline soil)with different groundwater depth were measured,the influence of soil types and groundwater depth on soil salinity was analyzed,and soil salinity characteristics was comprehensively evaluated by performing principal component analysis.The result showed that:(1)All salinity indexes,except Ca2+,showed a gradual increasing trend from surface to lower layer in the shell sand profile(0—120cm),but Ca2+showed a gentle decreasing trend in the profile.(2)Content of salt ions had close relationship with groundwater depth in the shell sand profile(0—120cm),with the fine particle content,water content,salt content,pH value in the seaward profile(groundwater depth 1.5m)being higher than that of the chenier ridge profile(groundwater depth 2.5m);content of salt ions showed different trends in the two types of profiles,i.e.K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-content of each layer(every 10 cm as a layer)in the seaward profile was obvious higher than the content of the same layer in the chenier ridge profile,but Ca2+、Mg2+content of each layer was similar in the two profiles.(3)Correlation analysis of soil salinity indexes showed that,all indexes,except Ca2+,had significant positive correlations between each other.(4)Results of the principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 84.265%,which represented the saline condition,soil Ca2+content,soil salt content and alkalization characteristic,and K+content sequentially.Principal component analysis based on the salinitycharacteristic indexes could well classify and sort soil samples in the shell ridge island.
Salinity characteristics of shell sand and adjacent ordinary saline soil was investigated in the shell ridge island of the Yellow River Delta.Spatial variability of salinity in the shell ridge was analyzed.Salinity characteristics of the profiles of two types of soil(shell sand and saline soil)with different groundwater depth were measured,the influence of soil types and groundwater depth on soil salinity was analyzed,and soil salinity characteristics was comprehensively evaluated by performing principal component analysis.The result showed that:(1)All salinity indexes,except Ca2+,showed a gradual increasing trend from surface to lower layer in the shell sand profile(0—120cm),but Ca2+showed a gentle decreasing trend in the profile.(2)Content of salt ions had close relationship with groundwater depth in the shell sand profile(0—120cm),with the fine particle content,water content,salt content,pH value in the seaward profile(groundwater depth 1.5m)being higher than that of the chenier ridge profile(groundwater depth 2.5m);content of salt ions showed different trends in the two types of profiles,i.e.K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-content of each layer(every 10 cm as a layer)in the seaward profile was obvious higher than the content of the same layer in the chenier ridge profile,but Ca2+、Mg2+content of each layer was similar in the two profiles.(3)Correlation analysis of soil salinity indexes showed that,all indexes,except Ca2+,had significant positive correlations between each other.(4)Results of the principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 84.265%,which represented the saline condition,soil Ca2+content,soil salt content and alkalization characteristic,and K+content sequentially.Principal component analysis based on the salinitycharacteristic indexes could well classify and sort soil samples in the shell ridge island.
引文
[1]田家怡,夏江宝,孙景宽,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛生态保护与恢复[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011:1-3.
[2]张淑勇,夏江宝,张光灿,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛叶底珠叶片光合作用对CO2浓度及土壤水分的响应[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):1937-1945.
[3]许有明,王玉海.废黄河三角洲贝壳堤岸滩的风暴潮动力响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(6):25-32.
[4]郑云云,胡泓,邵志芳.典型滨海湿地植被演替研究进展[J].湿地科学与管理,2013,9(4):56-60.
[5]赵欣胜,崔保山,孙涛,等.黄河三角洲潮沟湿地植被空间分布对土壤环境的响应[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1855-1861.
[6]朱金方,刘京涛,陆兆华,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛柽柳水分利用策略初步研究[J].湿地科学,2015,13(6):765-771.
[7]Xia J B,Zhang S Y,Guo J,et al.Critical effects of gas exchange parameters in Tamarix chinensis Lour on soil water and its relevant environmental factors on a shell ridge island in China’s Yellow River Delta[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,76(3):36-46.
[8]Zhao Y Y,Hu X M,Liu J T,et al.Vegetation pattern in shell ridge island in China’s Yellow River Delta[J].Frontiers of Earth Science,2015,9(3):567-577
[9]卢响军,武红旗,张丽,等.不同开垦年限土壤剖面盐分变化[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):229-232.
[10]贾瑞亮,周金龙,周殷竹,等.干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发条件下土壤积盐规律分析[J].水利学报,2016,47(2):150-157.
[11]张鹏锐,李旭霖,崔德杰,等.滨海重盐碱地不同土地利用方式的水盐特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):117-121.
[12]Liu G M,Yang J S,He L D,et al.Salt dynamics in soil profiles during long-term evaporation under different groundwater conditions[J].Plant Biosystems,2013,147(4):1211-1218.
[13]王艳,廉晓娟,王正祥,等.不同改良措施对滨海盐土理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):236-240.
[14]刘福汉,王遵亲.潜水蒸发条件下不同质地剖面的土壤水盐运动[J].土壤学报,1993,30(2):173-181.
[15]郭全恩,马忠明,王益权,等.地下水埋深对土壤剖面盐分离子分异的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):64-67.
[16]柯丽丽,黄明勇,苏德荣,等.海砂和电石渣对吹填土理化性状的影响及水盐动态研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):92-95.
[17]刘景双,朱颜明,黄锡畴,等.长白山岳桦林化学元素生物地球化学分析[J].地理科学,1998,18(5):457-462.
[18]吕真真,刘广明,杨劲松.新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤盐分特征研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(2):289-295.
[19]李彬,王志春,梁正伟,等.苏打碱化土壤盐分离子与相关性分析[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):653-656.
[20]刘延锋,靳孟贵,金英春.焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化状况的主成分分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(1):165-171.
[21]姚荣江,杨劲松.黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化特征及其剖面类型分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):106-112.
[2]张淑勇,夏江宝,张光灿,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛叶底珠叶片光合作用对CO2浓度及土壤水分的响应[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):1937-1945.
[3]许有明,王玉海.废黄河三角洲贝壳堤岸滩的风暴潮动力响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(6):25-32.
[4]郑云云,胡泓,邵志芳.典型滨海湿地植被演替研究进展[J].湿地科学与管理,2013,9(4):56-60.
[5]赵欣胜,崔保山,孙涛,等.黄河三角洲潮沟湿地植被空间分布对土壤环境的响应[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(8):1855-1861.
[6]朱金方,刘京涛,陆兆华,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛柽柳水分利用策略初步研究[J].湿地科学,2015,13(6):765-771.
[7]Xia J B,Zhang S Y,Guo J,et al.Critical effects of gas exchange parameters in Tamarix chinensis Lour on soil water and its relevant environmental factors on a shell ridge island in China’s Yellow River Delta[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,76(3):36-46.
[8]Zhao Y Y,Hu X M,Liu J T,et al.Vegetation pattern in shell ridge island in China’s Yellow River Delta[J].Frontiers of Earth Science,2015,9(3):567-577
[9]卢响军,武红旗,张丽,等.不同开垦年限土壤剖面盐分变化[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):229-232.
[10]贾瑞亮,周金龙,周殷竹,等.干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发条件下土壤积盐规律分析[J].水利学报,2016,47(2):150-157.
[11]张鹏锐,李旭霖,崔德杰,等.滨海重盐碱地不同土地利用方式的水盐特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):117-121.
[12]Liu G M,Yang J S,He L D,et al.Salt dynamics in soil profiles during long-term evaporation under different groundwater conditions[J].Plant Biosystems,2013,147(4):1211-1218.
[13]王艳,廉晓娟,王正祥,等.不同改良措施对滨海盐土理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):236-240.
[14]刘福汉,王遵亲.潜水蒸发条件下不同质地剖面的土壤水盐运动[J].土壤学报,1993,30(2):173-181.
[15]郭全恩,马忠明,王益权,等.地下水埋深对土壤剖面盐分离子分异的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):64-67.
[16]柯丽丽,黄明勇,苏德荣,等.海砂和电石渣对吹填土理化性状的影响及水盐动态研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):92-95.
[17]刘景双,朱颜明,黄锡畴,等.长白山岳桦林化学元素生物地球化学分析[J].地理科学,1998,18(5):457-462.
[18]吕真真,刘广明,杨劲松.新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤盐分特征研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(2):289-295.
[19]李彬,王志春,梁正伟,等.苏打碱化土壤盐分离子与相关性分析[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):653-656.
[20]刘延锋,靳孟贵,金英春.焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化状况的主成分分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(1):165-171.
[21]姚荣江,杨劲松.黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化特征及其剖面类型分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):106-112.