大冶湖表层水和沉积物中重金属污染特征与风险评价
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摘要
于2014年4月采集大冶湖表层水和表层沉积物,用原子吸收分光光度法测定其重金属含量,并基于健康风险评价模型和潜在生态风险指数法开展表层水和沉积物重金属污染的潜在健康风险和生态风险评价.结果表明,表层水和沉积物重金属(Ni、Cd、Cu和Pb)含量平均值分别为49.27、2.19、12.18、12.13μg·L~(-1)和78.46、77.13、650.13、134.22 mg·kg~(-1).富集系数显示,Cd、Cu和Pb均为重度富集,尤其是Cd累积最为明显.与国内典型湖泊重金属污染相比,表层水和沉积物中重金属元素含量均相对较高.表层水和沉积物重金属元素均表现为湖湾处含量较高,中部含量较均匀的分布规律,其来源主要受多种人为活动污染.环境风险评价显示,重金属类化学物质通过饮水途径产生健康风险范围为9.77E-08~1.63E-05 a-1,Ni和Cd是水环境健康风险的优先管理对象.沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险高低为Cd>Cu>Pb>Ni,其中Cd是生态风险的贡献元素.
The surface water and surface sediments were collected from Daye Lake in April 2014. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The pollution potential health risk and ecological risk of heavy metals in water and sediment were assessed by the health risk assessment model and the potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals(Ni,Cd,Cu and Pb) was 49. 27 μg·L~(-1),2. 19 μg·L~(-1),12. 18 μg·L~(-1),12. 13 μg·L~(-1)(water)and 78. 46 mg·kg~(-1),77. 13 mg·kg~(-1),650. 13 mg·kg~(-1)and 134. 22 mg·kg~(-1)(sediment). Enrichment coefficient indicated that the enrichment of Cd,Cu and Pb was more serious,especially the accumulation of Cd was the most obvious. Compared to typical lakes in China,the contents of heavy metals in water and sediment were relatively high. The spatial pollutant distribution of the heavy metals in water and sediment all presented that the concentrations of the heavy metals were relatively higher in east and west of Daye Lake,relatively more uniform in the middle,and their origins were mainly from human activities. The results of environmental risk indicated that the carcinogens and chemical non-carcinogens health risk values of heavy metals by drinking water pathway were 9. 77E-08 ~1. 63E-05a-1. Therefore,the pollution of Ni and Cd should be the primary control target for environmental health risk management.The descending order of pollution degree of four metals in sediment was Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni,and Cd was the main contributor of the potential ecological risk elements.
The surface water and surface sediments were collected from Daye Lake in April 2014. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The pollution potential health risk and ecological risk of heavy metals in water and sediment were assessed by the health risk assessment model and the potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals(Ni,Cd,Cu and Pb) was 49. 27 μg·L~(-1),2. 19 μg·L~(-1),12. 18 μg·L~(-1),12. 13 μg·L~(-1)(water)and 78. 46 mg·kg~(-1),77. 13 mg·kg~(-1),650. 13 mg·kg~(-1)and 134. 22 mg·kg~(-1)(sediment). Enrichment coefficient indicated that the enrichment of Cd,Cu and Pb was more serious,especially the accumulation of Cd was the most obvious. Compared to typical lakes in China,the contents of heavy metals in water and sediment were relatively high. The spatial pollutant distribution of the heavy metals in water and sediment all presented that the concentrations of the heavy metals were relatively higher in east and west of Daye Lake,relatively more uniform in the middle,and their origins were mainly from human activities. The results of environmental risk indicated that the carcinogens and chemical non-carcinogens health risk values of heavy metals by drinking water pathway were 9. 77E-08 ~1. 63E-05a-1. Therefore,the pollution of Ni and Cd should be the primary control target for environmental health risk management.The descending order of pollution degree of four metals in sediment was Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni,and Cd was the main contributor of the potential ecological risk elements.
引文
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