黄河源区浮游植物群落特征研究
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摘要
为初步掌握黄河源区藻类的概况,于2016年7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对河源源区重点湖泊河段开展了浮游植物系统调查研究。调查记录浮游植物7门52种,以硅藻门(21种)和绿藻门(18种)为主,优势种多属硅藻门中的贫营养或中营养型种类。调查发现浮游植物密度整体较低,介于6.90×10~4～1.17×10~6 cells/L之间,夏季明显高于秋季,湖泊明显高于河流。通过对浮游植物的密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数的分析认为,黄河源区水质介于极贫营养水平到贫中营养水平之间,水生态环境状况整体良好。研究成果可为黄河源区水生态保护提供理论依据和数据支撑。
To understand the general situation of algae in source area of the Yellow River, an investigation on the phytoplankton assemblage was carried out in July(Summer) and October(Autumn) 2016. A total of 52 species of phytoplankton were identified, belonging to 7 phyla. Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were the main taxa, containing 21 species and 18 species respectively. Dominant species of phytoplankton were mostly oligotrophic or medium trophic species in diatom. Cell density of phytoplankton was low, only 6.90×104 cells/L～1.17×106 cells/L. Cell density in Summer was higher than that in Autumn, and cell density in lakes was higher than that in rivers. According to the assessment by cell density, Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index and Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton, the water quality in source area of the Yellow River were good, in extremely poor nutrition level or the poor nutrition level. The results can provide theoretical basis and data support for water ecological protection in source area of the Yellow River.
To understand the general situation of algae in source area of the Yellow River, an investigation on the phytoplankton assemblage was carried out in July(Summer) and October(Autumn) 2016. A total of 52 species of phytoplankton were identified, belonging to 7 phyla. Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were the main taxa, containing 21 species and 18 species respectively. Dominant species of phytoplankton were mostly oligotrophic or medium trophic species in diatom. Cell density of phytoplankton was low, only 6.90×104 cells/L～1.17×106 cells/L. Cell density in Summer was higher than that in Autumn, and cell density in lakes was higher than that in rivers. According to the assessment by cell density, Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index and Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton, the water quality in source area of the Yellow River were good, in extremely poor nutrition level or the poor nutrition level. The results can provide theoretical basis and data support for water ecological protection in source area of the Yellow River.
引文
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[3] 王志臣,董得红,刘建军,等.青海三江源自然保护区浮游生物多样性研究[C]//中国青海绿色经济投资贸易洽谈会绿色发展高峰论坛暨三江源生态文明专题论坛,2012.
[4] 况琪军,马沛明,胡征宇,等.湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展[J].安全与环境学报,2005,5(2):89-93.
[5] 隋战鹰.浮游藻类与水质污染监测[J].生物学通报,2002,37(8):49.
[6] 刘宇,沈建忠.藻类生物学评价在水质监测中的应用[J].水利渔业,2008,28(4):5-7.
[7] 王勇,王海军,赵伟华,等.黄河干流浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(5):700-707.
[8] Reynolds C S. Ecology of Phytoplankton[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[9] Barbour M T, Gerritsen J, Snyder B D, et al. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Wadeable Streams and Rivers. Periphyton. Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish, Second Edition[M]. Washington D. C:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water,1999.
[10] 胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、生态及分类[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[11] 黎尚豪,毕列爵.中国淡水藻志:绿藻门[M]. 北京,科学出版社,1998.
[12] 朱蕙忠,陈嘉佑.中国西藏硅藻[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[13] Mcnaughton S J. Relationships among Functional Properties of Californian Grassland[J]. Nature, 1967, 216(5111):168-169.
[14] 王根绪,沈永平.黄河源生态环境变化与成因分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2000, 22(3):200-205.
[15] Quinn J, Hickey C. Magnitude of effects of substrate particle size, recent flooding, and catchment development on benthic invertebrates in 88 New Zealand rivers[J]. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 1990, 24(3):411-427.
[16] Allan J D, Castillo M M. Stream Ecology: Structure and function of running waters[M]. Berlin:Springer Netherlands, 2007.
[17] 袁永锋,李引娣,张林林,等.黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究[J].水生态学杂志,2009(6):15-19.
[18] 白海锋,沈红保,问思恩,等.黄河兰州段浮游植物群落结构的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015(16):243-244.
[19] 殷大聪,许继军,金燕,等.长江源与澜沧江源区浮游植物组成与分布特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(1):61-66.