黄河水库群泥沙动态调控关键技术研究与展望
|
摘要
黄河水沙联合调控经过几代人的共同探索,已在防洪防凌安全和水量统一调度等方面发挥了巨大作用。然而,流域来水来沙条件是动态变化的,库区-河道边界约束条件是动态调整的,区域社会经济发展和生态健康维持的需求是动态增长的,特别是针对黄河水少沙多的现实状况,黄河水沙调控不仅要注重水量的适应性调度,更要突出泥沙的动态调控,实现行洪输沙-社会经济-生态环境等河流系统功能多维协同的目标,探索水动力-强人工措施有机结合的调控技术,突破"调水容易调沙难"的瓶颈。在系统梳理过去数十年多沙河流水库泥沙调控主要研究进展的基础上,提出了当前黄河泥沙动态调控的关键科学技术问题,阐明了未来开展相关基础理论与应用基础研究的方向,包括黄河泥沙动态调控系统理论的构建、水库泥沙高效输移机制与下游河流系统多过程综合响应机理的揭示、提出黄河泥沙动态调控模式与技术、建设黄河泥沙动态调控模型与智慧决策平台等,进一步的研究成果可为完善当前黄河水沙调控工程体系建设、实现黄河长治久安提供坚实的科技支撑。
The practice of water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River has experienced several decades and played an important role in flood control and water resources allocation. However, with the dynamic change of incoming water and sediment conditions from the basin, variations of constraint boundary conditions of reservoir area and river channel and the increasing demands of social-economic development and ecological protection, especially for the situation of insufficient water resources and excessive sediment volume, the water and sediment regulation have to pay more attention to sediment regulation than water volume regulation now. It is time to accomplish the comprehensive aims including water and sediment transportation, social-economic development and ecological-environmental protection to explore the regulation technology for combining nature water energy and artificial engineering actions and to solve the key problem of 'sediment control is more difficult than water regulation for reservoir optimization' in the Yellow River basin. For understanding the key scientific and technological issues and future prospect, the main research on reservoir sedimentation and regulation for sediment control in those past decades were reviewed first, then a future scientific plan was put forward, which could be divided into 5 parts: forming a system theory for reservoir regulation for sediment dynamic control in the Yellow River; illuminating sediment transporting mechanisms in reservoirs with high efficiency; revealing multi-process response mechanisms of the river system downstream for reservoir regulation; putting forward the mode and technology of reservoir dynamic regulation; building a reservoir dynamic regulation model for sediment control and intelligent decision-making platform. The future results would be useful for the improvement of the engineering system for water and sediment dynamic regulation and ensured the Yellow River relative stable for a long period.
The practice of water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River has experienced several decades and played an important role in flood control and water resources allocation. However, with the dynamic change of incoming water and sediment conditions from the basin, variations of constraint boundary conditions of reservoir area and river channel and the increasing demands of social-economic development and ecological protection, especially for the situation of insufficient water resources and excessive sediment volume, the water and sediment regulation have to pay more attention to sediment regulation than water volume regulation now. It is time to accomplish the comprehensive aims including water and sediment transportation, social-economic development and ecological-environmental protection to explore the regulation technology for combining nature water energy and artificial engineering actions and to solve the key problem of 'sediment control is more difficult than water regulation for reservoir optimization' in the Yellow River basin. For understanding the key scientific and technological issues and future prospect, the main research on reservoir sedimentation and regulation for sediment control in those past decades were reviewed first, then a future scientific plan was put forward, which could be divided into 5 parts: forming a system theory for reservoir regulation for sediment dynamic control in the Yellow River; illuminating sediment transporting mechanisms in reservoirs with high efficiency; revealing multi-process response mechanisms of the river system downstream for reservoir regulation; putting forward the mode and technology of reservoir dynamic regulation; building a reservoir dynamic regulation model for sediment control and intelligent decision-making platform. The future results would be useful for the improvement of the engineering system for water and sediment dynamic regulation and ensured the Yellow River relative stable for a long period.
引文
[1] 李义天,孙昭华,邓金运,等.长江水沙调控理论及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:14-28.
[2] 张庆宁.世界大河流域的开发与治理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:120-123.
[3] 谈国良,万军.美国田纳西河的流域管理[J].中国水利,2002(10):157-159.
[4] 赵纯厚,朱振宏,周端庄.世界江河与大坝[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:101-230.
[5] 曹文洪,陈东.阿斯旺大坝的泥沙效应及启示[J].泥沙研究,1998(4):79-85.
[6] 黄强,畅建霞.水资源系统多维临界调控的理论与方法[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:220-230.
[7] 李会安.黄河干流水电站水库群水量实施调度及风险研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2000:14-19.
[8] 李国英.基于空间尺度的黄河调水调沙[J].人民黄河,2004,26(2):1-5.
[9] BASSON G R.Sedimentation and Sustainable Use of Reservoirs and River Systems[R].Kyoto:International Comittee on Large Dams,2012:Bulletin 147.
[10] ANTON J S,MáRIO J F,CARMEL O J,et al.Reservoir Sedimentation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2016,54(6):595-614.
[11] 姜乃森,傅玲燕.中国的水库泥沙淤积问题[J].湖泊科学,1997,9(1):1-2.
[12] DE CESARE G,LAFITT E R.Outline of the Historical Development Regarding Reservoir Sedimentation[R].Venice:32nd IAHR Congress,Harmonizing the Demands of Art and Nature in Hydraulics,2007:1-11.
[13] ANTON J S.Sedimentation Control of Reservoirs-Guidelines[R].Kyoto:International Committee on Large Dams,1989:Bulletin 67.
[14] SLOFF C.Reservoir Sedimentation:A Literature Survey[M].Delft:Delft University of Technology,1991:1-126.
[15] MORRIS G L,FAN J.Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook [M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1998:1-795.
[16] BATUCA G,JORDAAN M J.Silting and Desilting of Reservoirs [M].RotterdamNL:Balkema,2000:1-353.
[17] JENZER-ALTHAUS J,DE CESARE G.Alpreserv:Sustainable Sediment Management in Alpine Reservoirs Considering Ecological and Economical Aspects [M].Zurich:Inst.Für Wasserwesen Neubiberg,2006:1-135.
[18] JULIEN P Y .Sedimentation Engineering:Processes,Measurements,Modeling,and Practice.The ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice,No.110[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2014,52(5):728-729.
[19] MORRIS G L.Sediment Management and Sustainable Use of Reservoirs:In Modern Water Resources Engineering [M].New York:Springer,2014:279-337.
[20] CARRIAGA C C,MAYS L W.Optimization Modeling for Sedimentation in Alluvial Rivers[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1995,121(3):251-259.
[21] NICKLOW J W,MAYS L W.Optimization of Multiple Reservoir Networks for Sedimentation Control[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,126(4):232-242.
[22] 官厅水库水文实验站.官厅水库泥沙测验工作[J].泥沙研究,1958(2):40-48.
[23] 杜殿勋,戴明英.三门峡水库修建前后渭河下游河道泥沙问题的研究[J].泥沙研究,1981(3):1-18.
[24] 韩其为,何明民.论非均匀悬移质二维不平衡输沙方程及其边界条件[J].水利学报,1997,28(1):2-11.
[25] 韩其为.水库淤积[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:27-82.
[26] 韩其为.水量百分数的概念及在非均匀悬移质输沙中的应用[J].水科学进展,2007,18(5):633-640.
[27] 韩其为,陈绪坚,薛晓春.不平衡输沙含沙量垂线分布研究[J].水科学进展,2010,21(4):512-523.
[28] 范家骅.异重流泥沙淤积的分析[J].中国科学,1980(1):82-89.
[29] 王光谦,周建军,杨本均.二维泥沙异重流运动的数学模型[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(1):52-60.
[30] 张俊华,马怀宝,夏军强,等.小浪底水库异重流高效输沙理论与调控[J].水利学报,2018,49(1):62-71.
[31] 胡一三,张红武,刘贵芝,等.黄河下游游荡性河段河道整治[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998:1-216.
[32] 江恩惠,刘燕,李军华,等.河道治理工程及其效用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2008:1-232.
[33] 陈建国,周文浩,陈强.小浪底水库运用十年黄河下游河道的再造床[J].水利学报,2012,43(2):127-135.
[34] 张俊华,张红武,王严平,等.多沙水库准二维泥沙数学模型[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),1999,14(1):45-50.
[35] 张红艺,杨明,张俊华,等.高含沙水库泥沙运动数学模型的研究及应用[J].水利学报,2001,32(11):20-25.
[36] 王增辉,夏军强,李涛,等.水库异重流一维水沙耦合模型[J].水科学进展,2015,26(1):74-82.
[37] 张俊华,张红武,李远发,等.水库泥沙模型异重流运动相似条件的研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1997,5(3):309-316.
[38] 张俊华,张红武,江春波,等.黄河水库泥沙模型相似律的初步研究[J].水力发电学报,2001,20(3):52-58.
[39] YI Y J,WANG Z Y,YANG Z F.Impact of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges Dams on Habitat Suitability of Carps in the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,387(3-4):283-291.
[40] YI Y J,CHENG X,WIEPRECHT S,et al.Comparison of Habitat Suitability Models Using Different Habitat Suitability Evaluation Methods[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,71:335-345.
[41] LI R N,CHEN Q W,TONINA D,et al.Effects of Upstream Reservoir Regulation on the Hydrological Regime and Fish Habitats of the Lijiang River,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,76:75-83.
[42] 庞家珍,姜明星.黄河河口演变Ⅱ:1855 年以来黄河三角洲流路变迁及海岸线变化及其他[J].海洋湖沼通报,2003(4):1-13.
[43] 胡春宏,曹文洪.黄河口水沙变异与调控Ⅰ:黄河口水沙运动与演变基本规律[J].泥沙研究,2003(5):1-8.
[44] 余欣,张原锋,于守兵,等.黄河口演变与流路稳定综合治理研究[J].人民黄河,2018,40(3):1-6.
[45] 崔保山,杨志峰.湿地学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2006:265-280.
[46] 贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.黄河河口盐沼植被分布、多样性与土壤化学因子的相关关系[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):676-687.
[47] 连煜,王新功,黄翀,等.基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地生态需水评价[J].地理学报,2008,63(5):451-461.
[48] 赵炜.王化云在黄河治理方略上的探索与实践[J].中国水利,2009,15(4):4-6.
[49] 钱宁.从黄河下游的河床演变规律来看河道治理中的调水调沙问题[J].地理学报,1978,33(1):13-24.
[50] 王士强.小浪底水库调水调沙减少黄河下游河道淤积的研究[J].人民黄河,1996,18(7):10-14.
[51] 李国英.基于水库群联合调度和人工扰动的黄河调水调沙[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1439-1446.
[52] 李国英.黄河调水调沙关键技术[J].前沿科学,2012,21(6):17-21.
[53] 江恩惠,李军华,刘社教.应用寿命周期模式思考三门峡水库的运用问题[J].人民黄河,2005,27(10):4-5,11.
[54] 胡春宏,陈建,郭庆超.三门峡水库淤积与潼关高程[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:1-244.
[55] 胡春宏.我国多沙河流水库“蓄清排浑”运用方式的发展与实践[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):283-291.
[56] 谈广鸣,郜国明,王远见,等.基于水库-河道耦合关系的水库水沙联合调度模型研究与应用[J].水利学报,2018,49(7):795-802.
[57] 水利部黄河水利委员会.黄河流域综合规划(2012—2030年)[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2013:1-21.
[58] WANG S,FU B J,PIAO S L,et al.Reduced Sediment Transport in the Yellow River Due to Anthropogenic Changes[J].Nature Geoscience,2015,9(1):1-5.
[59] 胡春宏.黄河水沙变化与治理方略研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(10):1-11.
[2] 张庆宁.世界大河流域的开发与治理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:120-123.
[3] 谈国良,万军.美国田纳西河的流域管理[J].中国水利,2002(10):157-159.
[4] 赵纯厚,朱振宏,周端庄.世界江河与大坝[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:101-230.
[5] 曹文洪,陈东.阿斯旺大坝的泥沙效应及启示[J].泥沙研究,1998(4):79-85.
[6] 黄强,畅建霞.水资源系统多维临界调控的理论与方法[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:220-230.
[7] 李会安.黄河干流水电站水库群水量实施调度及风险研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2000:14-19.
[8] 李国英.基于空间尺度的黄河调水调沙[J].人民黄河,2004,26(2):1-5.
[9] BASSON G R.Sedimentation and Sustainable Use of Reservoirs and River Systems[R].Kyoto:International Comittee on Large Dams,2012:Bulletin 147.
[10] ANTON J S,MáRIO J F,CARMEL O J,et al.Reservoir Sedimentation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2016,54(6):595-614.
[11] 姜乃森,傅玲燕.中国的水库泥沙淤积问题[J].湖泊科学,1997,9(1):1-2.
[12] DE CESARE G,LAFITT E R.Outline of the Historical Development Regarding Reservoir Sedimentation[R].Venice:32nd IAHR Congress,Harmonizing the Demands of Art and Nature in Hydraulics,2007:1-11.
[13] ANTON J S.Sedimentation Control of Reservoirs-Guidelines[R].Kyoto:International Committee on Large Dams,1989:Bulletin 67.
[14] SLOFF C.Reservoir Sedimentation:A Literature Survey[M].Delft:Delft University of Technology,1991:1-126.
[15] MORRIS G L,FAN J.Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook [M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1998:1-795.
[16] BATUCA G,JORDAAN M J.Silting and Desilting of Reservoirs [M].RotterdamNL:Balkema,2000:1-353.
[17] JENZER-ALTHAUS J,DE CESARE G.Alpreserv:Sustainable Sediment Management in Alpine Reservoirs Considering Ecological and Economical Aspects [M].Zurich:Inst.Für Wasserwesen Neubiberg,2006:1-135.
[18] JULIEN P Y .Sedimentation Engineering:Processes,Measurements,Modeling,and Practice.The ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice,No.110[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2014,52(5):728-729.
[19] MORRIS G L.Sediment Management and Sustainable Use of Reservoirs:In Modern Water Resources Engineering [M].New York:Springer,2014:279-337.
[20] CARRIAGA C C,MAYS L W.Optimization Modeling for Sedimentation in Alluvial Rivers[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1995,121(3):251-259.
[21] NICKLOW J W,MAYS L W.Optimization of Multiple Reservoir Networks for Sedimentation Control[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,126(4):232-242.
[22] 官厅水库水文实验站.官厅水库泥沙测验工作[J].泥沙研究,1958(2):40-48.
[23] 杜殿勋,戴明英.三门峡水库修建前后渭河下游河道泥沙问题的研究[J].泥沙研究,1981(3):1-18.
[24] 韩其为,何明民.论非均匀悬移质二维不平衡输沙方程及其边界条件[J].水利学报,1997,28(1):2-11.
[25] 韩其为.水库淤积[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:27-82.
[26] 韩其为.水量百分数的概念及在非均匀悬移质输沙中的应用[J].水科学进展,2007,18(5):633-640.
[27] 韩其为,陈绪坚,薛晓春.不平衡输沙含沙量垂线分布研究[J].水科学进展,2010,21(4):512-523.
[28] 范家骅.异重流泥沙淤积的分析[J].中国科学,1980(1):82-89.
[29] 王光谦,周建军,杨本均.二维泥沙异重流运动的数学模型[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(1):52-60.
[30] 张俊华,马怀宝,夏军强,等.小浪底水库异重流高效输沙理论与调控[J].水利学报,2018,49(1):62-71.
[31] 胡一三,张红武,刘贵芝,等.黄河下游游荡性河段河道整治[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998:1-216.
[32] 江恩惠,刘燕,李军华,等.河道治理工程及其效用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2008:1-232.
[33] 陈建国,周文浩,陈强.小浪底水库运用十年黄河下游河道的再造床[J].水利学报,2012,43(2):127-135.
[34] 张俊华,张红武,王严平,等.多沙水库准二维泥沙数学模型[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),1999,14(1):45-50.
[35] 张红艺,杨明,张俊华,等.高含沙水库泥沙运动数学模型的研究及应用[J].水利学报,2001,32(11):20-25.
[36] 王增辉,夏军强,李涛,等.水库异重流一维水沙耦合模型[J].水科学进展,2015,26(1):74-82.
[37] 张俊华,张红武,李远发,等.水库泥沙模型异重流运动相似条件的研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1997,5(3):309-316.
[38] 张俊华,张红武,江春波,等.黄河水库泥沙模型相似律的初步研究[J].水力发电学报,2001,20(3):52-58.
[39] YI Y J,WANG Z Y,YANG Z F.Impact of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges Dams on Habitat Suitability of Carps in the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,387(3-4):283-291.
[40] YI Y J,CHENG X,WIEPRECHT S,et al.Comparison of Habitat Suitability Models Using Different Habitat Suitability Evaluation Methods[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,71:335-345.
[41] LI R N,CHEN Q W,TONINA D,et al.Effects of Upstream Reservoir Regulation on the Hydrological Regime and Fish Habitats of the Lijiang River,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,76:75-83.
[42] 庞家珍,姜明星.黄河河口演变Ⅱ:1855 年以来黄河三角洲流路变迁及海岸线变化及其他[J].海洋湖沼通报,2003(4):1-13.
[43] 胡春宏,曹文洪.黄河口水沙变异与调控Ⅰ:黄河口水沙运动与演变基本规律[J].泥沙研究,2003(5):1-8.
[44] 余欣,张原锋,于守兵,等.黄河口演变与流路稳定综合治理研究[J].人民黄河,2018,40(3):1-6.
[45] 崔保山,杨志峰.湿地学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2006:265-280.
[46] 贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.黄河河口盐沼植被分布、多样性与土壤化学因子的相关关系[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):676-687.
[47] 连煜,王新功,黄翀,等.基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地生态需水评价[J].地理学报,2008,63(5):451-461.
[48] 赵炜.王化云在黄河治理方略上的探索与实践[J].中国水利,2009,15(4):4-6.
[49] 钱宁.从黄河下游的河床演变规律来看河道治理中的调水调沙问题[J].地理学报,1978,33(1):13-24.
[50] 王士强.小浪底水库调水调沙减少黄河下游河道淤积的研究[J].人民黄河,1996,18(7):10-14.
[51] 李国英.基于水库群联合调度和人工扰动的黄河调水调沙[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1439-1446.
[52] 李国英.黄河调水调沙关键技术[J].前沿科学,2012,21(6):17-21.
[53] 江恩惠,李军华,刘社教.应用寿命周期模式思考三门峡水库的运用问题[J].人民黄河,2005,27(10):4-5,11.
[54] 胡春宏,陈建,郭庆超.三门峡水库淤积与潼关高程[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:1-244.
[55] 胡春宏.我国多沙河流水库“蓄清排浑”运用方式的发展与实践[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):283-291.
[56] 谈广鸣,郜国明,王远见,等.基于水库-河道耦合关系的水库水沙联合调度模型研究与应用[J].水利学报,2018,49(7):795-802.
[57] 水利部黄河水利委员会.黄河流域综合规划(2012—2030年)[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2013:1-21.
[58] WANG S,FU B J,PIAO S L,et al.Reduced Sediment Transport in the Yellow River Due to Anthropogenic Changes[J].Nature Geoscience,2015,9(1):1-5.
[59] 胡春宏.黄河水沙变化与治理方略研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(10):1-11.