超声纵-扭复合空心变幅杆的振动特性分析
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摘要
超声纵-扭复合振动加工具有加工效率高、切削力及切削热量较低、可降低刀具磨损等优势,而纵-扭复合空心变幅杆可提供较好的冷却和排屑效果。利用四端网络法设计了圆锥过渡空心复合变幅杆,在其锥面开设螺旋沟槽作为"模态转换器",从而在变幅杆末端成功输出纵-扭复合振动。通过有限元仿真探究了螺旋沟槽数目n、螺旋沟槽角度θ及沟槽槽宽w对谐振频率f的影响规律及敏感度,结合中心孔直径d对变幅杆节点位置、谐振频率f、放大倍数m、扭纵分量比i等的影响规律,针对开设沟槽后频率偏移问题,提出一种谐振频率修正方法,并设计试验进行了验证。
Longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration machining has the advantages of the high machining efficiency, the low cutting force and cutting heat and the reducing of tool wear, while the longitudinal-torsional composite hollow horn can provide better cooling and chip removal effect. The four-terminal network method is used to design a conical composite hollow horn, the helical slots are formed on the composite horn's conical surface as "the modal converter" to realize the output the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration successfully. The effects and sensitivity of number of helical slots n, the helical slots angle θ and slots width w slots on the resonance frequency f are analyzed by the finite element simulation. Combined with the influence of the center hole diameter d on the node location, the resonant frequency f, the magnification m and the torsional longitudinal component ratio i of the horn, aiming at the problem of post-slots frequency offset, a method of resonant frequency correction is proposed, and the experiment was conducted to verifie the method.
Longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration machining has the advantages of the high machining efficiency, the low cutting force and cutting heat and the reducing of tool wear, while the longitudinal-torsional composite hollow horn can provide better cooling and chip removal effect. The four-terminal network method is used to design a conical composite hollow horn, the helical slots are formed on the composite horn's conical surface as "the modal converter" to realize the output the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration successfully. The effects and sensitivity of number of helical slots n, the helical slots angle θ and slots width w slots on the resonance frequency f are analyzed by the finite element simulation. Combined with the influence of the center hole diameter d on the node location, the resonant frequency f, the magnification m and the torsional longitudinal component ratio i of the horn, aiming at the problem of post-slots frequency offset, a method of resonant frequency correction is proposed, and the experiment was conducted to verifie the method.
引文
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[17]林仲茂.超声变幅杆的原理和设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.LIN Zhongmao.Principle and design of ultrasonic horn[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[2]AL-BUDAIRI H,LUCAS M,HARKNESS P.A design approach for longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic transducers[J].Sensors&Actuators A Physical,2013,198(16):99-106.
[3]LULA A,LAMBERTI N,PAPPLARDO M.Design and experimental characterization of an composite longitudinal-flexural mode ultrasonic transducer[J].Ultrasonics Symposium,2007,1:1693-1696.
[4]童志强,皮钧.纵扭共振旋转超声端铣碳纤维复合材料的试验研究[J].机械科学与技术,2016,35(3):425-430.TONG Zhiqing,PI Jun.Experimental study on longitudinal-torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic face milling of CFRP[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2016,35(3):425-430.
[5]杨志刚,程光明,刘景全,等.双弯曲驻波旋转型超声马达[J].压电与声光,1995,17(6):50-54.YANG Zhigang,CHENG Guangming,LIU Jingquan,et al.A rotary ultrasonic motor with two bending standing-wave vibration[J].Pieaoelectrics and Acustooptics,1995,17(6):50-54.
[6]WANG Jian,GUO Jifeng.Develo Ipment of a radial-torsional vibration hybrid type ultrasonic motor with a hollow and short cylindrical structure[J].Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control IEEETransactions on,2009,56(5):1054-1058.
[7]KARAFI M R,HOJJAT Y,SASSANI F.A new hybrid longitudinal-torsional magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2013,22(6):065013.
[8]皮钧.圆环斜槽传振杆的纵扭振动转换[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(5):242-248.PI Jun.Longitudinal-torsional vibration converter of cylinder with multiple diagonal slits[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(5):242-248.
[9]唐军,赵波.单激励纵-扭复合超声铣削系统研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(6):57-61.TANG Jun,ZHAO Bo.A new longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling system with a single excitation[J].Journaol of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(6):57-61.
[10]LIU Defu,CONG W L,PEI Z J,et al.A cutting force model for rotary ultrasonic machining of brittle materials[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2012,52(1):77-84.
[11]赵福令,冯冬菊,郭东明,等.超声变幅杆的四端网络法设计[J].声学学报,2002,27(6):554-558.ZHAO Fuling,FENG Dongju,GUO Dongming,et al.Design of the horn using the four-end network mothod[J].Acta Acustica,2002,27(6):554-558.
[12]马付建,康仁科,董志刚,等.中心孔的复合超声变幅杆设计及性能分析[J].机械设计,2015(6):51-55.MA Fujian,KANG Renke,DONG Zhigang,et al.Design and analysis on compound ultrasonic horn with center hole[J].Jouanal of Machine Design,2015(6):51-55.
[13]张云电,胡皇印,林金钳.超声珩磨声学系统关键技术研究[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(5):538-542.ZHANG Yudian,HU Huangyin,LIN Jinqian.Study of key technology for ultrasonic honing acoustics system[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2007,20(5):538-542.
[14]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.WANG Xinmin.ANSYS engineering structure numerical Analysis[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2014.
[15]TSUJINO J,UEOKA T,KASHINO T,et al.Transverse and torsional complex vibration systems for ultrasonic seam welding of metal plates[J].Ultrasonics,2000,38(1-8):67-71.
[16]TSUJINO J,UEOKA T,OTODA K,et al.One dimensional longitudinak-torsional vibration converter with multiple diagonally slitted parts[J].Ultrasonics,2000,38(1-8):72-76.
[17]林仲茂.超声变幅杆的原理和设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.LIN Zhongmao.Principle and design of ultrasonic horn[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.