黄野螟生物学特性及发生规律研究
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摘要
黄野螟是Heortia vitessoides Moore是近几年在我国白木香(Aquilaria sinensis)种植区大面积发生的一种食叶性害虫,目前仅发现为害白木香。本文通过室内饲养与林间调查相结合的研究方法,明确了黄野螟在广东省化州地区一年发生8代,以蛹越冬。翌年4月中旬至5月上旬成虫陆续羽化,4月中旬成虫开始产卵,4月下旬第1代幼虫孵化,各虫态在不同世代的发育历期不同,12月中旬老熟幼虫入土化蛹越冬。完成一个世代需要28~32d。卵集中产在白木香幼嫩叶片背面,孵化率达95%以上,卵期约3~4 d。幼虫共5龄,具有暴发性、暴食性的特点。低龄幼虫群集取食,食量较小,3龄以后幼虫开始分散为害,食量大增。老熟幼虫在树干基部周围的土壤中或枯枝落叶层间结蛹室化蛹,化蛹深度在距地表2 cm左右,蛹期8~15 d。成虫羽化多集中于夜间,具有较强的趋光性。
Heortia vitessoides Moore has been a serious defoliating pest of Aquilaria sinensis forests in recent years.In southern China the larvae of H.vitessoide feed solely on the leaves of A.sinensis.The biological characteristics and patterns of occurrence of H.vitessoide were studied in both the laboratory and field.The moth had eight generations per year in Huazhou,Guangdong Province and over-wintered as pupae.The adults began to emerge in mid-April.Overlapping of generations began in the last ten days of May,and was greatest between the first and second generations.The duration of a single generation was 28- 32 days,and the over-wintering stage lasted three months.Eggs were laid on the back of young leaves of A.sinensis,and their development took 3- 4 days.The hatching rate of eggs was over 95%.The larvae had 5 instars and small larvae fed in groups.From the 3rd instar,the larvae began to disperse to feed.Mature larvae pupated in a cocoon at a depth of 2 cm in soil or fallen leaves.The duration of the pupal stage was 8- 15 days.The peaks of adult emergence occurred at night and adults displayed strong phototaxy.
Heortia vitessoides Moore has been a serious defoliating pest of Aquilaria sinensis forests in recent years.In southern China the larvae of H.vitessoide feed solely on the leaves of A.sinensis.The biological characteristics and patterns of occurrence of H.vitessoide were studied in both the laboratory and field.The moth had eight generations per year in Huazhou,Guangdong Province and over-wintered as pupae.The adults began to emerge in mid-April.Overlapping of generations began in the last ten days of May,and was greatest between the first and second generations.The duration of a single generation was 28- 32 days,and the over-wintering stage lasted three months.Eggs were laid on the back of young leaves of A.sinensis,and their development took 3- 4 days.The hatching rate of eggs was over 95%.The larvae had 5 instars and small larvae fed in groups.From the 3rd instar,the larvae began to disperse to feed.Mature larvae pupated in a cocoon at a depth of 2 cm in soil or fallen leaves.The duration of the pupal stage was 8- 15 days.The peaks of adult emergence occurred at night and adults displayed strong phototaxy.
引文
Kalita J,Bhattacharyya PR,Nath SC,2002.Heortia vitessoides Moore(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae):A serious pest of agarwood plant(Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.).Geobios(Jodhpur,India),29(1):13-16.
Munroe E,1977.Synopsis of Heortia lederer,with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae:Odontiinae).Can.Entomol.,109(3):429-441.
Qiao HL,Lu PF,Chen J,Ma WS,Qin RM,Li XM,2012.Antennal and behavioural responses of Heortia vitessoides females to host plant volatiles of Aquilaria sinensis.Entomol.Exp.Appl.,143(3):269-279.
Zhang XL,Liu YY,Wei JH,Yang Y,Zhang Z,Huang JQ,Chen HQ,Liu YJ,2012.Production of high-quality agarwood in Aquilaria sinensis trees via whole-tree agarwoodinduction technology.Chin.Chem.Lett.,23(6):727-730.
陈怀琼,2011.白木香通体结香技术的初步评价.硕士学位论文.北京:中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院/药用植物研究所.
陈志云,李东文,王玲,李奕震,黄湘如,秦长生,2011.土沉香黄野螟生物学特性研究.中国植保导刊,31(11):10-14.
尚小丽,杨茂发,黄丽,苟光前,2011.一种新的产虫茶昆虫——紫斑谷螟的生物学特性研究.应用昆虫学报,48(3):652-656.
苏跃平,1994.白木香黄野螟生物学特性.中药材,17(12):7-9.
覃蓉敏,陈君,徐常青,于晶,周杜花,陈荣敏,周峰,杨刚,张国斌,徐荣,李向明,程惠珍,2008.化橘红害虫曲牙土天牛生物学特性初步研究.中国中药杂志,33(24):2887-2891.
武辉,王小艺,李孟楼,杨忠岐,曾繁喜,王红艳,白玲,刘松君,孙进,2008.白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的生物学和生态学特性及繁殖技术研究.昆虫学报,51(1):46-54.
严林,杜艳丽,郭蕊,郝金蛾,刘长仲,2011.灰钝额斑螟的生物学特性.应用昆虫学报,48(6):1744-1750.
杨美红,牛辉林,张金桐,张彪,李月华,2012.榆木蠹蛾生物学特性观察.应用昆虫学报,49(3):735-741.
赵建兴,杨忠岐,任晓红,梁小明,2008.红脂大小蠹的生物学特性及在我国的发生规律.林业科学,44(2):99-105.
周云娥,黄琼瑶,白洪清,舒金平,王浩杰,徐天森,2008.竹金黄镰翅野螟生物学特性研究.昆虫学报,51(10):1094-1098.
Munroe E,1977.Synopsis of Heortia lederer,with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae:Odontiinae).Can.Entomol.,109(3):429-441.
Qiao HL,Lu PF,Chen J,Ma WS,Qin RM,Li XM,2012.Antennal and behavioural responses of Heortia vitessoides females to host plant volatiles of Aquilaria sinensis.Entomol.Exp.Appl.,143(3):269-279.
Zhang XL,Liu YY,Wei JH,Yang Y,Zhang Z,Huang JQ,Chen HQ,Liu YJ,2012.Production of high-quality agarwood in Aquilaria sinensis trees via whole-tree agarwoodinduction technology.Chin.Chem.Lett.,23(6):727-730.
陈怀琼,2011.白木香通体结香技术的初步评价.硕士学位论文.北京:中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院/药用植物研究所.
陈志云,李东文,王玲,李奕震,黄湘如,秦长生,2011.土沉香黄野螟生物学特性研究.中国植保导刊,31(11):10-14.
尚小丽,杨茂发,黄丽,苟光前,2011.一种新的产虫茶昆虫——紫斑谷螟的生物学特性研究.应用昆虫学报,48(3):652-656.
苏跃平,1994.白木香黄野螟生物学特性.中药材,17(12):7-9.
覃蓉敏,陈君,徐常青,于晶,周杜花,陈荣敏,周峰,杨刚,张国斌,徐荣,李向明,程惠珍,2008.化橘红害虫曲牙土天牛生物学特性初步研究.中国中药杂志,33(24):2887-2891.
武辉,王小艺,李孟楼,杨忠岐,曾繁喜,王红艳,白玲,刘松君,孙进,2008.白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的生物学和生态学特性及繁殖技术研究.昆虫学报,51(1):46-54.
严林,杜艳丽,郭蕊,郝金蛾,刘长仲,2011.灰钝额斑螟的生物学特性.应用昆虫学报,48(6):1744-1750.
杨美红,牛辉林,张金桐,张彪,李月华,2012.榆木蠹蛾生物学特性观察.应用昆虫学报,49(3):735-741.
赵建兴,杨忠岐,任晓红,梁小明,2008.红脂大小蠹的生物学特性及在我国的发生规律.林业科学,44(2):99-105.
周云娥,黄琼瑶,白洪清,舒金平,王浩杰,徐天森,2008.竹金黄镰翅野螟生物学特性研究.昆虫学报,51(10):1094-1098.