放牧对羊草根际土壤线虫群落及区系的影响
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摘要
为了探索放牧干扰对羊草(Leymus chinensis Tzvel)根际土壤小型动物—土壤线虫群落的影响规律,本试验以土壤线虫为生物指标对典型草原放牧区及围栏区羊草根际土壤线虫群落特征及区系进行了研究,结果表明:羊草根际共捕获34属线虫,放牧影响羊草根际线虫总数量及优势类群,不同土层土壤线虫总数量的分布规律为:围栏区>放牧区,放牧区优势及次优势类群中植物寄生线虫类所占比例明显高于围栏区。放牧区羊草根际土壤线虫Shannon多样性指数显著高于围栏区。放牧区瓦斯乐斯卡指数及自由生活线虫成熟度指数低于围栏区,说明放牧区土壤健康状况较差。放牧影响羊草根际土壤线虫区系的分布,放牧区0～10cm,10～20cm羊草根际土壤线虫区系分布在B区和D区,表明放牧区土壤线虫食物网相对于围栏区受干扰大、土壤线虫食物网不稳定,且退化。
In order to explore the influence of grazing disturbance on soil microfauna-soil nematode community in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis,soil nematode was used as biological indicator to study the characteristics and fauna of rhizosphere soil nematode in grazing and fenced plots in typical steppe.The results showed that a total of 34 nematode genera were identified in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis.The total number and dominant groups of soil nematode in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis were significantly affected by grazing.The distribution of total number of soil nematode in different soil layers was fenced plots>grazing plots.The proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes in dominant and sub-dominant groups in grazing plots was significantly higher than that in fenced plots.The Shannon diversity index(H')of soil nematodes in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis in grazing plots was significantly higher than in fenced plots.The indices for Vasileska(WI)and free-living nematode maturity index(MI)in grazing plots were lower than in fenced plots,indicating that soil health in grazing plots was poor.The distribution of soil nematode fauna in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis was affected by grazing.Soil nematode fauna in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis in grazing plots at 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm was distributed in B and D blocks,indicating that soil nematode food web in grazing plots was more disturbed than in fenced plots,and was unstable and degraded.
In order to explore the influence of grazing disturbance on soil microfauna-soil nematode community in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis,soil nematode was used as biological indicator to study the characteristics and fauna of rhizosphere soil nematode in grazing and fenced plots in typical steppe.The results showed that a total of 34 nematode genera were identified in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis.The total number and dominant groups of soil nematode in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis were significantly affected by grazing.The distribution of total number of soil nematode in different soil layers was fenced plots>grazing plots.The proportion of plant-parasitic nematodes in dominant and sub-dominant groups in grazing plots was significantly higher than that in fenced plots.The Shannon diversity index(H')of soil nematodes in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis in grazing plots was significantly higher than in fenced plots.The indices for Vasileska(WI)and free-living nematode maturity index(MI)in grazing plots were lower than in fenced plots,indicating that soil health in grazing plots was poor.The distribution of soil nematode fauna in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis was affected by grazing.Soil nematode fauna in rhizosphere of Leymus chinensis in grazing plots at 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm was distributed in B and D blocks,indicating that soil nematode food web in grazing plots was more disturbed than in fenced plots,and was unstable and degraded.
引文
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[15]Yeates G W,Bongers T,De Goede R G M,et al.Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists[J].Journal of Nematology,1993,(25):315-331
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[17]Shannon C E,Weaver W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana,IL:University of Illinois Press,1949
[18]Li Q,Bai H H,Liang W J,et al.The maturity index:An ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition[J].Oecologia,1990,(83):14-19
[19]Yeates G W.Modification and qualification of the nematode maturity index[J].Pedobiologia,1994,38(2):97-101.
[20]Wasilewska L.The effect of age of meadows on succession and diversity in soil nematode communities[J].Pedobiologia,1994,(38):1-11
[21]Ruess L.Nematode soil faunal analysis of decomposition pathways in different ecosystems[J].Nematology,2003,(5):179-181
[22]Ferris H,Matute M.Structural and functional succession in the nematode fauna of a soil food web[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,(23):93-110
[23]杜晓芳,李英滨,刘芳,等.土壤微食物网结构与生态功能[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):403-411
[24]Zolda P.Nematode communities of grazed and ungrazedseminatural steppe grasslands in Eastern Austria[J].Pedobiologia,2006,50(1):11-22
[25]Veen G F,Olff H,Duyts H,et al.Vertebrate herbivores influence soil nematodes by modifying plant communities.[J].E-cology,2010,91(3):828-835
[26]薛会英,罗大庆,胡锋,李辉信,王景升,屈兴乐,王鸿源,于宝政,孙巧.短期围封对西藏北部高寒草甸土壤线虫群落的影响[J].生态学报,2016,33(19):6139-6148
[2]陈宝瑞,杨桂霞,张宏斌,等.不同干扰类型下羊草种群的空间格局[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5868-5874
[3]张玉娟.典型草原退化演替中植被-土壤特征变化及化感影响机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015:4-6
[4]王明君,赵萌莉,崔国文,等.放牧对草甸草原植被和土壤的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(6):758-762
[5]乌尼尔,海棠.放牧对典型草原羊草形态特征及土壤理化性质的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2015,36(4):71-76
[6]Neher D A.Ecology of Plant and Free-Living Nematodes in Natural and Agricultural Soil[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2010,48(1):371-394
[7]梁文举,闻大中.土壤生物及其对土壤生态学发展的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(1):137-140
[8]Ferris H,Bongers T,De Goede R G,et al.A framework for soil food web diagnostics:extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(1):13-29
[9]徐冰,任慧琴,赵念席,等.四种草原植物根际土壤线虫群落特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):175-181
[10]吴建波,阮维斌,谢凤行,等.毛乌素沙地三种植物根际土壤线虫群落和多样性分析[J].生物多样性,2008,16(6):547-554
[11]王跃棠,梅续芳,解李娜,等.荒漠草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛土壤线虫群落研究[J].草地学报,2018,26(6):1305-1312
[12]邬嘉华,王立新,张景慧,等.温带典型草原土壤理化性质及微生物量对放牧强度的响应[J].草地学报,201826(4):832-840
[13]毛小芳,李辉信,陈小云,等.土壤线虫三种分离方法效率比较[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):149-151
[14]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:51-89
[15]Yeates G W,Bongers T,De Goede R G M,et al.Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists[J].Journal of Nematology,1993,(25):315-331
[16]Bongers T.The maturity index,an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition[J].Oecologia,1990,(83):14-19
[17]Shannon C E,Weaver W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana,IL:University of Illinois Press,1949
[18]Li Q,Bai H H,Liang W J,et al.The maturity index:An ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition[J].Oecologia,1990,(83):14-19
[19]Yeates G W.Modification and qualification of the nematode maturity index[J].Pedobiologia,1994,38(2):97-101.
[20]Wasilewska L.The effect of age of meadows on succession and diversity in soil nematode communities[J].Pedobiologia,1994,(38):1-11
[21]Ruess L.Nematode soil faunal analysis of decomposition pathways in different ecosystems[J].Nematology,2003,(5):179-181
[22]Ferris H,Matute M.Structural and functional succession in the nematode fauna of a soil food web[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,(23):93-110
[23]杜晓芳,李英滨,刘芳,等.土壤微食物网结构与生态功能[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):403-411
[24]Zolda P.Nematode communities of grazed and ungrazedseminatural steppe grasslands in Eastern Austria[J].Pedobiologia,2006,50(1):11-22
[25]Veen G F,Olff H,Duyts H,et al.Vertebrate herbivores influence soil nematodes by modifying plant communities.[J].E-cology,2010,91(3):828-835
[26]薛会英,罗大庆,胡锋,李辉信,王景升,屈兴乐,王鸿源,于宝政,孙巧.短期围封对西藏北部高寒草甸土壤线虫群落的影响[J].生态学报,2016,33(19):6139-6148