地膜不同覆盖方式对大棚中小气候及黄瓜生长的影响
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摘要
在大棚栽堵条件下,研究了全地膜覆盖和畦面地膜覆盖对大棚中环境条件及黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明:大棚全地膜覆盖较畦面地膜覆盖可以有效提高低温时期大棚中的土壤温度,降低棚内空气湿度,4月初大棚土壤温度最高可以提高约2℃,空气湿度最多可以降低11.5%;大棚全地膜覆盖增加了不同时期黄瓜单位叶面积鲜重、叶绿素含量和净光合速率,试验品种‘春秋王'和‘春秋王2号'平均单株总产量较对照分别提高了23.6%和16.9%;大棚全地膜覆盖使黄瓜2个品种霜霉病病情指数分别降低24.3%和22.0%,整个田间灌水量减少40%。
The vinyl house culture of two cucumber cultivars—'Chunqiuwang','Chunqiuwang 2'—was carried out under plastic mulching on whole ground and on ridge surface.The results showed that compared with plastic mulching on ridge surface,plastic mulching on whole ground could effectively raise soil temperature and drop air humidity in vinyl houses at a low temperature stage,increasing soil temperature by about 2 ℃ and decreasing air humidity by 11.5%in early April;Plastic mulching on whole ground improved the fresh weight per unit leaf area,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cucumber at different stages,and both 'Chunqiuwang' and 'Chunqiuwang 2' cultivars' average total yields per plant were respectively 23.6%and 16.9%higher than those of control ones;Plastic mulching on whole ground made both cultivars' disease indexes of downy mildew decrease by24.3%and 22.0%respectively,and meanwhile the entire irrigation water amount was reduced by 40%.
The vinyl house culture of two cucumber cultivars—'Chunqiuwang','Chunqiuwang 2'—was carried out under plastic mulching on whole ground and on ridge surface.The results showed that compared with plastic mulching on ridge surface,plastic mulching on whole ground could effectively raise soil temperature and drop air humidity in vinyl houses at a low temperature stage,increasing soil temperature by about 2 ℃ and decreasing air humidity by 11.5%in early April;Plastic mulching on whole ground improved the fresh weight per unit leaf area,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cucumber at different stages,and both 'Chunqiuwang' and 'Chunqiuwang 2' cultivars' average total yields per plant were respectively 23.6%and 16.9%higher than those of control ones;Plastic mulching on whole ground made both cultivars' disease indexes of downy mildew decrease by24.3%and 22.0%respectively,and meanwhile the entire irrigation water amount was reduced by 40%.
引文
[1]刘步洲,聂和民,张福墁.等.蔬菜栽培学(保护地栽培)[M]北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[2]何国常.梁劲.杨声澉.等.早春黄瓜地膜覆盖栽培技术[J].农业科技通讯.2011(3):194-195.
[3]蔡绍珍.陈建美,朱培生.地膜覆盖栽培对黄瓜于物质积累与养分吸收分配的影响[J].园艺学报.1993.20(1):45-50.
[4]翟胜.王巨媛.梁银丽.地面覆盖列温室黄瓜生产及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报.2005.21(10):129-133
[5]薛福祥.地膜不同覆盖方式对保护地黄瓜病害及生长发育的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2003.38(1):31-34
[6]裴孝伯.李世减.张福墁.等.温室黄瓜叶面积计算及其与株高的相关性研究[J].中国农学通报.2005.21(8):80-82.
[7]曹清河.陈劲枫.钱春桃.黄瓜抗霜霉病异源易位系CT-01的筛选与鉴定[J].园艺学报,2005,32(6):1098-1101.
[8]李国师,谢士估.日光温室地温变化规律与调控[J].安徽农业科学,1999,23(4):369-370.
[9]Tachilbana S J.Comparison of effects of root temperature on the growth and mineral nutrition of cucumber cultivars and figleaf gourd[J].J Japan Soc Sci.1982.51(3).299-308.
[10]任志雨.王秀峰,魏珉.不同根区温度对黄瓜幼苗矿质元素含量及根系吸收功能的影响[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版.2003.34(3):351-355.
[11]杨世兰,冯维军.黄瓜霜霉病的防治措施[J].北方园艺,2000(5):42-43.
[12]赵培洁,王慧中,赵波.植物药对黄瓜霜霉病的抑制作用研究[J].浙江农业科学,2002(6):295-297.
[13]Lawlor D W.Musings about the effects of environment on photosynthesis[J].Ann Bot,2009,103:543-549.
[14]Suzuki K.Nagasuga K,Okada M.The chilling injury induced by high root temperature in the leaves of rice seedlings[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2008,49:433-442.
[15]Zhou YH,Huang LF,Zhang YL,et al.Chill-induced decrease in capacity of RuBP carboxylation and associated H2O2 accumulation in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd[J].Ann Bot,2007,100:839-848.
[16]Zhou YH,Zhou J,Huang LF,et al.Grafting of Cucumis sativus onto Cucurbita ficifolia leads to improved plant growth,increased light utilization and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in chilled plants[J].J Plant Res,2009,122:529-540.
[2]何国常.梁劲.杨声澉.等.早春黄瓜地膜覆盖栽培技术[J].农业科技通讯.2011(3):194-195.
[3]蔡绍珍.陈建美,朱培生.地膜覆盖栽培对黄瓜于物质积累与养分吸收分配的影响[J].园艺学报.1993.20(1):45-50.
[4]翟胜.王巨媛.梁银丽.地面覆盖列温室黄瓜生产及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报.2005.21(10):129-133
[5]薛福祥.地膜不同覆盖方式对保护地黄瓜病害及生长发育的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2003.38(1):31-34
[6]裴孝伯.李世减.张福墁.等.温室黄瓜叶面积计算及其与株高的相关性研究[J].中国农学通报.2005.21(8):80-82.
[7]曹清河.陈劲枫.钱春桃.黄瓜抗霜霉病异源易位系CT-01的筛选与鉴定[J].园艺学报,2005,32(6):1098-1101.
[8]李国师,谢士估.日光温室地温变化规律与调控[J].安徽农业科学,1999,23(4):369-370.
[9]Tachilbana S J.Comparison of effects of root temperature on the growth and mineral nutrition of cucumber cultivars and figleaf gourd[J].J Japan Soc Sci.1982.51(3).299-308.
[10]任志雨.王秀峰,魏珉.不同根区温度对黄瓜幼苗矿质元素含量及根系吸收功能的影响[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版.2003.34(3):351-355.
[11]杨世兰,冯维军.黄瓜霜霉病的防治措施[J].北方园艺,2000(5):42-43.
[12]赵培洁,王慧中,赵波.植物药对黄瓜霜霉病的抑制作用研究[J].浙江农业科学,2002(6):295-297.
[13]Lawlor D W.Musings about the effects of environment on photosynthesis[J].Ann Bot,2009,103:543-549.
[14]Suzuki K.Nagasuga K,Okada M.The chilling injury induced by high root temperature in the leaves of rice seedlings[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2008,49:433-442.
[15]Zhou YH,Huang LF,Zhang YL,et al.Chill-induced decrease in capacity of RuBP carboxylation and associated H2O2 accumulation in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd[J].Ann Bot,2007,100:839-848.
[16]Zhou YH,Zhou J,Huang LF,et al.Grafting of Cucumis sativus onto Cucurbita ficifolia leads to improved plant growth,increased light utilization and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in chilled plants[J].J Plant Res,2009,122:529-540.